Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Pengembangan Sereal Sarapan Tersubstitusi Bekatul dan Tepung Pisang
Get PDFRice bran and banana flour contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that have potential to be used for the development of functional food, such as breakfast cereal. The study is aimed to develope functional breakfast cereal from corn flour (54%, 59%, 64%), rice bran (20%), and banana flour (10%) (raja bandung and kepok) with the addition of coconut sugar (0 %, 5 %, 10%) using twin-screw extruder. The best-accepted formula based on sensory test was cereal with the substitution of 0% coconut sugar and 10% raja bandung banana flour. The breakfast cereal has moisture content of 10.38 ± 0.01%, ash content of 3.36 ± 0.00%, protein content of 8.92 ± 0.11%, fat content of 6.14 ± 0.07%, carbohydrate content of 81.58 ± 0.18%, and dietary fiber content of 13.22 ± 0.46% which can be claimed as high-fiber foods. It contained a total phenol content of 74.13 ± 0.87 mg GAE / 100 g, antioxidant activity of 40.67 ± 1.71 mg AEAC/ 100 g, and IC50 of 84.48 ± 0.9 mg/mL. Saturated fatty acids in breakfast cereal were dominated by palmitic acid (14.22 ± 0.17%), while for unsaturated fatty acids were dominated by oleic acid (30.76 ± 0.04%) and linoleic acid (45.40 ± 0.03%).
Keywords: banana flour, breakfast cereal, functional food, rice bra
Distribusi dan Luas Stomata pada Tanaman Hias Monokotil
Get PDFOrnamental plants give beauty to the surrounding environment. Fresh air is created around the plant. It is concerned with transpiration which relates to the distribution and extent of stomata. The study measured the distribution and extent of stomata in monocot plants used as houseplants. The experimental design used a complete randomized design (RAL) factorial with five replications. The main factors were six types of monocot plants and three parts of plants (top, middle, and bottom). The interaction between plant types and parts was a combination factor. The distribution and area of the stomata were measured using replica methods and micrometers. The data was analyzed using the factorial RAL model statistical analysis system and followed up with the smallest real different test for significant treatment. The distribution of stomata was correlated with the stomata area to observe the relationship between the two. Plant types, plant parts, and combinations of both have a noticeable effect on the stomata distribution and area. The Paris lilies (Chlorophytum comosum (Thumb) Jacq.) have the highest stomata distribution (20.53%) compared to others, with a stomata area of 291.89 μm2. Meanwhile, the top part of the plant has the highest distribution and differs from the middle and bottom. The highest stomata distribution is at the top of the plant (15.02%) and lowest at the bottom (11.96%), while the smallest stomata area is at the top of the plant (687.62 μm2) and the widest is at the bottom (813.88 μm2). The stomata distribution correlates inversely with the stomata area of both plant types, plant parts, and a combination of both.
Keywords: ornamental plants, monocotyledon, stomatal area, stomatal distributio
Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Indole Acetic Acid pada Tanaman Hortikultura di Perkebunan Prafi SP 1, Manokwari
Get PDFHorticultural plants are branches of agriculture that are associated with crop cultivation such as vegetables, fruit, various ornamental plants, and medicinal plants that require compounds to accelerate the formation of roots which can be done by using growth regulators. One of the growth regulators needed for plants is auxin or Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The presence of bacteria that act as producers of IAA can be used to stimulate the growth of horticultural plants. Therefore, the exploration of bacteria that have the potential to produce auxin in the future can provide an important and significant role in increasing agricultural production. This study aims to isolate, select, measure the value of IAA, and characterize IAA-producing bacteria. Isolation of auxin-producing bacteria using general media of growth bacteria, i.e., Nutrient Agar (NA) and Nutrient Broth (NB). The location for sampling of rhizosphere soil was Prafi SP 1 Plantation, Manokwari, Indonesia. The results showed that as many as 9 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of horticultural plants. After selection of auxin-producing bacteria, 2 bacteria isolates (IBPA 3 and IBPA 5) were obtained which were able to produce IAA. IAA concentration value in IBPA 3 isolate is 42.178 ppm and in IBPA 5 isolate is 27.65 ppm. The characteristics of IBPA 3 isolate refer to the genus Bacillus and IBPA 5 isolate refer to the genus Pseudomonas.
Keywords: agriculture, bacteria rhizosphere, indole acetic aci
Kuantitas Mikrob Tanah pada Lahan Jagung dengan Aplikasi Ekstrak Alga
Get PDFOrganic fertilizers contain complete nutrients needed by plants, such as humic acid and fulvic acid, that can promote plant growth and increase the population of beneficial microbes in the soil. Algae can be an organic fertilizer in extract preparations that can increase plant growth and improve soil composition. The calculated number of microbes from the soil on corn land with the application of algae extracts affects the population of soil microbes both by standard plate count (SPC) and most probable number (MPN) methods. The total number of bacteria by SPC in the control soil was 3.1 × 105 CFU/g, while the total fungus was only 1.7 × 104 CFU/g upon applying 5% algae extract. The most microalgae by MPN in the control ground was estimated to be 2.6 × 104 cells/g. Therefore, the application of algae extract affects the number of soil microbes on corn land compared to control soil. The algae extract reduces the number of bacteria and algae but increases the number of fungi on cornfields.
Keywords: algae extracts, cornfields, soil microbe
Ketebalan Daun dan Laju Transpirasi Pada Tanaman Hias Dikotil
Get PDFTranspiration rate internally depends on the water content that occupies the tissue in the leaves, which is reflected in the thickness of the leaves. This study measured the transpiration rate and leaf thickness of ornamental dicotyledon plants. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Six species of dicotyledon plants and three parts of the plant were the main factors. The interaction between plant species and plant parts was a combination factor. The transpiration rate was measured using a weighing method and leaf thickness was measured from the upper to the lower epidermis. Leaf thickness was measured before and after transpiration rate measurement. Data were analyzed using SAS with Factorial CRD model and continued with the LSD test if there was a significant treatment. The species of plant and plant parts had significant effects on the transpiration rate and leaf thickness, but the combination or interaction of the two did not affect the transpiration rate and leaf thickness. Aerva sanguinolenta Bi. had the highest transpiration rate followed by Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn., Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour., Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, and Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss while the leaves at the bottom of the plant had the highest transpiration rate compared to the middle and upper parts of the plant. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. had thick leaves and less transpiration rate than the other plants. The leaves at the top had a higher thickness than those at the middle and bottom parts of the plant. This occurs because the transpiration rate of the lower leaf was faster than the upper and middle parts. Leaf thickness was inversely correlated to the rate of transpiration.
Keywords: dicotyledon, leaf thickness, transpiration rat
Produksi dan Kualitas Kolostrum dan Susu Kolostrum pada Sapi Perah yang Mengkonsumsi Daun Katuk Depolarisasi
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of additional feed with depolarizing katuk leaves on the production and quality of colostrum and colostrum milk in Friesian Holstein dairy cows. There were 21 dairy cows that had just giving birth, divided into 3 groups of 7 each, namely the control group (complete feed), BKD (complete feed added with Depolarizing Katuk Powder), PKD (complete feed added with Depolarizing Katuk Pellet). Depolarizing katuk feed was given 100 grams per head per day as a feed additive. Parameters observed were feed consumption, production and quality of colostrum and colostrum milk. The results showed that there was no difference in the consumption of feed supplemented with depolarizing katuk leaves, colostrum production, milk density, total solid colostrum, Solid non-fat, lactose contents, and protein contents of colostrum and colostrum milk compared to the control group. Significant differences occurred in colostrum milk production, total solid colostrum milk, and fat content of colostrum and colostrum milk. It was concluded that depolarizing katuk leaves could be used as additional feed to increase the production and total solids of colostrum milk, and increase the fat content of colostrum and colostrum milk.
Keywords: colostrum, colostrum milk, depolarizing katuk leaf, Friesian Holstei
Evaluasi Ciri Fisik Media Terfermentasi Jamur Pleurotus ostreotus sebagai Pakan Ternak Alternatif bagi Ruminansia
Get PDFBy-products such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel cake, and sawdust can be used as alternative feed. It contains nutrients needed by ruminants but is constrained by its high crude fiber content, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and is low in protein. This study was conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics of the fermented media from plantation by-products using Pleurotus ostreotus as an alternative to ruminant animal feed. The experimental design was a completely randomized (CRD) with 3\u273 factorial patterns with three replications. Factor A was the type of substrate, namely palm kernel cake, EFB, and acacia sawdust. Factor B was the length of fermentation, namely 0, 30, and 60 d. The data collected were analyzed by variance (ANOVA), and the results were significantly different. The observed variables were the mycelium growth rate, media weight, dry matter, organic matter, particle size, specific gravity, pile density, and compacted pile density. We conclude that the fermented sawdust gave the best growth speed of the P. ostreotus mycelia. The palm kernel cake substrate without storage showed good physical quality concerning particle size, pile density, and pile-compaction density. P. ostreotus fungus grew effectively and did not negatively impact the substrates\u27 biomass, dry matter, and organic matter. Different substrate types give different physical characteristics to the P. ostreotus-fermented media.
Keywords: acacia, empty fruit bunches, palm kernel cake, fermented media, Pleurotus ostreotu
Analisis Keberlanjutan Pendanaan Badan Layanan Umum pada Pendapatan Petani Kopi di Desa Cinanggela, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Bandung
Get PDFCoffee is one of the most important commodities traded widely in the world. To increase coffee productivity, maintenance efforts are needed such as maintenance, land clearing, fertilization, and cultivation. All of these steps require a large amount of money. For this reason, Chinese coffee farmers need loan funds to increase their productivity and income. This study aims to determine the results of the financing provided by BLU to coffee farmers in Cinanggela Village. Data collection includes primary and secondary data. Then, the study was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel program and the Multi-Dimensional Scaling Method through the Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (Rapfish) software. The results obtained indicate that there is a significant increase in the income of farmers, increased by Rp12,578,381 per ha with a production yield of 7496.9 kg per ha. This means that the maintenance of coffee trees in Cinanggela Village is included in profitable farming with an R/C ratio of 2.94. Meanwhile, the results of the sustainability analysis on the economic dimension show sufficient sustainability status with an index of 56.71. The ecological dimension shows a less sustainable status with a value of 49.93. And the social dimension shows the lowest sustainability status, namely 44.09 with the attribute value of coffee sales (2.4), community participation (3.2), and the frequency of conflicts between farmers (2.6). The low values of some of these attributes need to be used as inputs to the Environmental Fund Management Agency (BPDLH) as the successor to the financing previously carried out by BLU.
Keywords: coffee, sustainability funding, multi-dimensional scaling, rapfis
Aktivitas Nitrat Reduktase (ANR) Tanaman Jagung pada Pola Tumpangsari yang Diberi Serasah Jagung-Kedelai serta Biochar di Lahan Suboptimal Sidondo Sulawesi Tengah
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between nitrate reductase activity and N uptake, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of corn plants in intercropping patterns which are given corn-soybean litter and biochar. The use of plant litter and biochar derived from crop residues as a source of organic matter in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of maize. This experiment was carried out on sub-optimal Sidondo land, Central Sulawesi with the main limiting factors being the availability of water and alkaline soil pH (7.21) which were arranged in a divided plot design with five litter treatments as subplots and five cropping patterns as the main plot with three replicates. Parameters observed were N levels, plant tissue N uptake, chlorophyll, and nitrate reductase activity. Collected data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan\u27s multiple random tests. The results showed that corn litter, soybean mixed corn + soybean litter and their biochar in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll levels very significantly (P˂0.01), increased nitrate reductase activity by 9710.86 mol NO2- -1g-1hour-1 at the age of 55 DAP, while N uptake (2237 mg.kg-1), tissue N content (4.33%), and total chlorophyll content (10.61 mg.l-1) were the highest in the litter treatment, corn and soybeans as well as biochar in corn and soybean intercropping (1:2), and (2:4). Thus, the provision of corn and soybean litter and biochar in intercropping systems can increase nitrate reductase activity, N uptake, tissue N levels, and corn chlorophyll levels in the corn-soybean intercropping system.
Keywords: chlorophyll, N content of corn plant tissue, nitrate reductase activity, N uptak
Pencirian Genetik Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum) di Bengkulu
Get PDFChili is one of the horticultural commodities with increasing demand yearly. Rejang Lebong and Kepahiang regencies are the most significant chili-producing areas in Bengkulu. One of the crucial viruses in chili plants is Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV). PYLCV virus infection in the vegetative phase can cause stunted plants and fail to bear fruit. This study aims to detect and genetically characterize PYLCV. Samples of chili plants were taken in these two districts using the purposive sampling method. Virus detection was carried out at the Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology. Extraction of viral DNA using the Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. Rep and Trap gene amplification using universal primers of Bemovirus. SPG1 and SPG2. The PCR product was visualized on a 1.2% agarose gel in TAE.. Furthermore, the PCR products were sequenced in PT Genetics Science Indonesia. Virus gene sequences were aligned using Bioedit and MEGA X software. The results showed that of the 24 chili plants sampled in the study, 21 samples showed an amplicon with a size of ~ 900 bp, which follows the length of the amplicon based on the primer used. Of the 21 amplicon results, 6 of them were sequenced and genetically characterized. The results of the genetic characterization of the 6 samples showed the presence of 552 conservative sites (C) (75.6%), 178 variation sites (Vi) (24.4%), parsimony sites (Pi) (15.9%), and 70 singleton (S) sites (8.5%). The highest nucleotide base composition was thymine (T) with an average value of 30.1%, and the lowest was guanine (G) 21.9%, while the highest nucleotide combined composition was AT with an average value of 55%, the lowest was GC approximately 45%. The average genetic distance between samples was 0.13 (13%). Based on the phylogenetic tree, 6 samples were divided into two groups.
Keywords: begomovirus, Bengkulu, Capsicum annuu