Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Dosis Kombinasi Bioarang Sekam Padi dan Berbagai Amandemen di Tanah Sulfat Masam
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of various doses of rice husk biochar combined with organic amendments of cow manure and inorganic amendments of recommended fertilizer packages (urea, TSP, and KCl) on acid-sulfate soils. Over four months, the study was conducted in the Experimental Land of the Center for the Assessment of Agricultural Technology (BPTP) Pal IX, West Kalimantan Province. The study employed a randomized block design, with treatments including control soil, rice husk biochar 6 t ha-1, rice husk biochar 8 t ha-1, rice husk biochar 10 t ha-1, rice husk biochar 12 t ha-1, package of recommended inorganic fertilizer, package of recommended inorganic fertilizer + rice husk biochar 10 t ha-1, manure 10 t ha-1, and 10 t ha-1 + rice husk biochar 10 t ha-1. The findings revealed that single rice husk biochar amendments and their combination with inorganic and organic amendments had varying effects on the improvement of several physical properties of acid sulfate soils (density, total pore, moisture content, and penetration resistance). The amendment of a single biochar with a dose of 12 t ha-1 resulted in the lowest bulk density of acid sulfate soil, which decreased by 16% compared to the control soil. At a dose of 12 t ha-1, rice husk biochar produced the highest porosity and soil moisture content, 55% and 17%, respectively. The soil strength, as measured by the lowest penetration resistance, decreased by 30% in the treatment of manure 10 t ha-1 + biochar 10 t ha-1 (350 N cm-2) compared to the control soil.
Keywords: biochar rice husk, soil amendment, soil properties of acid sulphat
Efisiensi Pemasaran Bunga Potong Krisan di Kabupaten Cianjur
Get PDFChrysanthemum cur flowers have many benefits in that they can be used for flower bouquets, pollution absorbers, and even traditional medicinal plants. One of the national chrysanthemum cutting flower centers is in Cianjur Regency, which contributes 53% of total production for West Java Province. Every year, this high production of cut flowers is also followed by higher price differences between the farmer and final seller levels. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of chrysanthemum cut flower marketing in Cianjur Regency. Respondents included farmers, collectors, wholesalers, and florists. Marketing efficiency was analyzed using the composite index method and the Acharya & Aggarwal method, using three indicators: marketing margin, farmer\u27s share, and marketing costs. There are three marketing channels in Cianjur Regency, namely (1) farmers–collectors–wholesalers–consumers, (2) farmers– wholesalers–consumers, and (3) farmers–florists–consumers. The most efficient marketing channel is channel 2, with the lowest index, 1, and based on the Acharya & Aggarwal method, channel 2 has the highest efficiency value, 1.14. Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers\u27 most preferred marketing channel is channel 1 (collectors), which is not the most efficient channel. Preferably, the farmers choose channel 2 (wholesalers) to sell the harvest of their chrysanthemum cut flowers so as not to rely on collectors.
Keywords: farmer\u27s Saham, marketing channel, marketing margi
Detoksifikasi Aluminium dan Ketersediaan Fosforus dalam Tanah Masam Melalui Aplikasi Bahan Organik
Get PDFOrganic matter that is usually quite widely available around farmers\u27 land can be one of the solutions in overcoming the problem of soil acidification and nutrient deficiencies in tropical highly weathered soils. However, one of the main problems in utilizing such organic matter on acidic soils is the diversity of its chemical composition, which affects the decomposition of the organic matter. In this study, a mixture of soil with five types of organic matter was incubated, namely cow manure, chicken manure, rice straw, legume plant residue, and their combination, with doses equivalent to 0, 7.5 and 15 tons/ha. Mixtures of soil with organic matter were incubated for 120 days under conditions of field capacity moisture. The aim was to evaluate the amelioration effect of the organic matter on soil acidification (exchangeable-Al and soil pH), available P, and phosphatase activity. The application of organic matter type and dose has a marked effect on decreasing the content of exchangeable Al and increasing soil pH, P-available, and phosphatase activity. Chicken manure application showed the best effect in lowering soil exchangeable-Al and increasing pH, available-P, and phosphatase activity.
Keywords: amelioration, manure, phosphatas
Pengaruh Refugia Bunga Telekan (Tagetes erecta) dan Bunga Kertas (Zinnia elegans) pada Populasi Artropoda dan Hasil Tanaman Padi
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of refugia (Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans) plants on the relative abundance and diversity of Arthropod\u27s dominance in the rice plant area and on rice yield. The Arthropods were observed by the visual control method at each rice growth stage. Observations were made during 15 minutes in five plots of rice area and one refugium block at three different times (08.00‒10.00, 12.00‒14.00, and 15.00‒17.00. The morphological features were identified and recorded to identify the species level and grouped according to their ecological niches. The relative abundance and Shannon Diversity Index were calculated. The rice plants\u27 growth data and yield components were analyzed by ANOVA followed by DMRT if there were any significant differences among the treatments. Relative abundance of dominant arthropods on rice land planted with Zinnia elegans was Solenopsis geminata (11.07%), Leptocorisa oratorius (38.37%), and Hypolimnas bolina (0.17%) with species diversity index values of 3.25%; 2.94%, and 2.56%, respectively. In contrast, the relative abundance of arthropods in rice land planted with Tagetes erecta were Cardiochiles philippinensis (8.84%), Oxya chinensis (25.45%), and Scirpophaga incertulas (0.34%) with moderate diversity index values. The Tagetes erecta gave an equivalent result of rice yield with the control, namely 8,10 t/ha and 7,60 t/ha, respectively, while the Zinnia elegans offers rice yield of 6,30 t/ha.
Keywords: arthropod diversity, paddy yield, Tagetes erecta L, Zinnia elegan
Peningkatan Kualitas Kimia Tanah Sulfat Masam dengan Aplikasi Kombinasi Bahan Organik Lokal dan Limbah Agroindustri
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to assess effect of compost treatment from various local organic materials combined with agro-industrial waste to improved chemical quality of acid sulfate mineral soils, to compare of root dry weight and grain weight milled dryness of Inpara-3. This research was conducted at screen house of Polytechnic Hasnur, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan from November 2020 to June 2021. This study used Compeletely Randomized Design (CRD) with Tukey\u27s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test a=5%. There were 7 treatments used as, K0 = control. JKD = paddy straw compost 4 t ha-1 and solid decanter 2 t ha-1; JKR = paddy straw compost 4 t ha-1 and solid crumb rubber 2 t ha-1; SKD = empty fruit bunch compost 4 t ha-1 and solid decanter 2 t ha-1; SKR = empty fruit bunch compost 4 t ha-1 and solid crumb rubber 2 t ha-1; PKD = compost of purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) 4 t ha-1 and solid decanter 2 t ha-1; PKR = compost of purun tikus 4 t ha-1 and LPKR 2 t ha-1. The treatment was 5 replication so that 35 experimental plant units. The results showed compost paddy straw combinated solid decanter reducing concentration of soluble Fe and Al and can increasing availability of P and K. Treatment of compost empty fruit bunch combinated solid decanter can be increasing pH and total N-mineral. Compost paddy straw combinated solid crumb rubber gave increasing weight on root dry and grain milled dryness.
Keywords: acid sulfate soil; agroindustrial wasted; compos
Evaluasi Dosis Pemupukan Rekomendasi Kementerian Pertanian untuk Tanaman Padi
Get PDFRice is a strategic commodity, so efforts to increase its production continue to be carried out, one of which is by increasing fertilization efficiency. The government has set policies in the field of fertilization, one of which is to provide fertilizer recommendations for rice plants based on specific location. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fertilization policy written in Permentan RI No. 40/Permentan/OT.140/4/2007. The methods were analyzing the variance values for each type of fertilizer recommended and validating N, P, and K levels in selected locations. The results of the study showed that the fertilization recommendations set by the government still need to be improved because there were still many discrepancies with conditions in the field. The adjustment of recommendation dose with the addition of organic materials were relevant and can be implemented, but it is still required further socialization to farmers. Reformulation of subsidized fertilizers, from NPK fertilizer 15-15-15 to NPK fertilizer 15-10-12 also had not been able to increase fertilization efficiency, because it actually made the dose of NPK becomes higher, but did not reduce the addition of a single fertilizer significantly. Subsidy policy also needs to be reviewed, because farmers did not fully get subsidized fertilizer so the farmers could not meet the needs of their fertilizers. Regarding the implementation of fertilization information, a soil big database must be created nationally to make specific location fertilization recommendations, and this must be easily accessed by farmers.
Keywords: fertilization policy, organic material, soil big database, subsid
Pemanfaatan Pupuk Guano dalam Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan dan Dampaknya pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata L)
Get PDFGuano can be used as an organic fertilizer in anticipating fertilizer shortages. This study aims to obtain the right dose of guano for the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L). The method used in this study was a single-factor randomized block design, consisting of 4 treatments of doses of guano fertilizer and 4 replications. Fertilizer dosage treatments were: g0 = no guano, g1 = 3 tons guano/ha, g2 = 5 tons guano/ha, g3 = 7 tons guano/ha. Observation parameters consisted of plant height (cm), the number of leaves (strand), the diameter of the stem (cm), the diameter of the ear (cm), the length of the ear (cm), and the weight of fruit/bed (kg). The results showed that the use of guano at a dose of 7 tons/ha was the best dose for plant height, the number of leaves, ear diameter, stem diameter, and cob weight. It was concluded that guano could increase the growth and yield of sweet corn.
Keywords: corn, guano, organic fertilize
The Physical Property Changes of Peatland upon Conversion of Oil Palm Plantation to Corn Cropping in Kinali, West Pasaman, West Sumatera
No full textThe decrease in oil palm production in Kinali, West Pasaman Regency, has become the factor that makes the farmers convert their peatlands to corn cropping. This study aimed to examine the physical characteristics (irreversible drying) of peatlands due to the conversion of oil palm to corn cropping. Some observations and samplings were conducted by applying a transect method, as it was perpendicular to the collection drain for 2, 200, and 400m from the main drains in three locations as the uses of the lands: (1) oil palm plantations, (2) <2-year corn cropping, (3) >2-year corn cropping. In each land, 3 sample points were taken with 2 repetitions at a depth of 0‒20 cm and 20‒40 cm. The physical properties of peatlands that have been converted from oil palm plantations to corn cropping include the water content increasing from 286.4 to 348.5 and 322.7%, the ash content decreasing from 55.2 to 43.5 and 47.5%, with C-organic increased by 25.9 to 30.7 and 32.4%, fiber content increased from 27.1 to 32.1 and 28.7%, and the volume weight of the peat tended to be similar (0.3 g/cm3). In all land use, irreversible drying occurred; in the oven at 50°C dan 70°C with a drying time of 3´24 hours, and at 150°C, and the drying time of 1´24 hours, the moisture content of 232‒256% in oil palm plantation, 269‒290% in <2-year corn cropping, and 394‒440% in >2-year corn cropping. Irreversible drying occureds more quickly on the peatlands in oil palm plantations rather than in corn cropping.
Keywords: corn cropping, irreversible drying, palm oil plantation, peatlan
Substitusi Batang Lunak Pada Produksi Pelet Katuk Depolarisasi Untuk Perbaikan Produktifitas Domba
Get PDFDepolarized katuk pellets (Sauropus androgynus) as a growth trigger in ruminants have been produced, but are constrained by the adequacy of leaf raw materials. This study aims to utilize the soft stems (BL) of the katuk plant as a substitute for leaf raw materials (D) as much as 15%, and its effect on the productvitas of rams growing. Katuk leaf pellets (100%) and pellets mixed between D (85%) and BL (15%) or DBL, were prepared through a depolarization process. The male rams (21) were divided into 7 groups, 3 heads each, with different pellet-giving treatments. The treatment was the control group, leaf pellets 5 g (D-5), 10 g (D-10), and 15 g (D-15), and also the DBL pellet group 5 g (DBL-5), 10 g (DBL-10), and 15 g (DBL-15) per head daily. Each sheep gets adequate treatment and feed for 3 months. TheDBL-15 and D-15 sheep group showed an improvement in the average percentage of growth in sheep body weight and carcass (p<0.05), which were 54% and 43%, respectively, as well as 74% and 43%, compared to the control group, which was only 46% and 40%. The application of DBL-15 pellets showed a greater percentage of fat deposits, which was 3.4% (p<0.05) than the administration of D-15 pellets, which was only 2.4% and the control group (2.1%). It was concluded that the 15% soft stem to the pellets is still very good as a substitute for the raw material of katuk leaves for the production of depolarized pellets.
Keywords: carcass, depolarization, katuk, pellet, shee
Pengaruh Pengolahan pada Sifat Fisis dan Kimia Singkong-Goreng Beku
Get PDFCassava (Manihot esculenta) can be used as the main source of carbohydrates besides rice. Although cassava has been widely used, the diversification of cassava islimited. Appropriate processing methods are needed so that the nutrition value of cassava can be maintained and safe for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition value of frozen cassava fries through proximate, minerals, cyanide content, and trans fatty acids analysis and to assess the physical quality, such as color and texture. The best-frozen cassava fries processing methods obtained were steaming 100°C for 25 minutes and deep frying 180°C for 45 seconds. The results showed that color analysis L (tingkat kecerahan), a* (koordinat kromatisitas), and b* (koordinat kromatisitas), were 70.39±0.98, -2.11±0.72, and 28.06±1.06. The levels of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were 1.14±0.271 g/100g, 12.18±0.017 g/100g, dan 35.80±0.023 g/100g. The levels of Ca, Mg, and Fe were 274.047±7.42 mg/100g, 17.3±0.31 mg/100g, dan 4.59±0.26 mg/100g. The cyanide level decreased to 2.602±0.00 mg/kg from 75.458±0.00 mg/kg. In all frying treatments, trans fatty acids were not detected. In conclusion, frozen cassava fries have potential as a healthy diet component.
Keywords: cassava, deep frying, frozen-fried cassav