Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai Agen Priming pada Performa Perkecambahan Biji Bawang Merah
No full textMoringa leaf extract is a biostimulant containing various phytohormones that can spur plant growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Moringa leaf extract as a priming agent on the germination performance of shallot seeds. The experiment began with leaf extract preparation, seed priming, and germination testing. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, and if there was a significant effect, further tested with the BNJ test with α = 0.05. The data were processed using RStudio software version 4.2.1. The results stated that seed priming with leaf extract concentration of 37.5% had the best effect on all germination parameters, including average germination time (2.19 days), final germination percentage (96.53%), seed germination uniformity (95.83%), germination velocity coefficient (45.85), germination rate index (50.48%/day), sprout vigor index I (790.58), sprout vigor index II (31.30), plumula length (6.53 cm), radicle length (1.66 cm), sprout fresh weight (0.32 g), and sprout dry weight (0.0233 g). It was concluded that Moringa leaf extract has the potential as a priming agent for shallot seeds.
Keywords: botanical seed, moringa leaf, priming, shallo
Penapisan dan Karakterisasi Amilase dari Bakteri Asal Ekoenzim
Get PDFEco-enzymes are one of the potential sources for obtaining amylolytic bacterial isolates. The study aims to screen amylolytic bacteria from eco-enzymes, characterize semi-purification amylase, and identify amylolytic bacteria molecularly using the 16S rRNA gene. Screening for amylolytic bacteria was carried out by measuring the amylolytic index on a Nutrient agar medium containing 1% tapioca starch. The amylolytic isolate which had the highest index and was non-pathogenic was selected for the amylase characterization process. Testing of amylase activity was carried out using the Bernfeld method while the protein enzymes were measured using the Bradford method. The extracellular extract was concentrated using ammonium sulfate precipitation. PKL2 is gram-positive bacteria that was derived from eco-enzymes with the highest amylolytic indexes of 1.77, which were not pathogenic on the blood agar test. Optimum amylase was produced by PKL2 at the stationary phase at 21 h. The optimum pH and temperature of the amylase activity were observed to be 7.0 and 50°C, respectively. The amylase enzyme from PKL2 increased its purity 1.82-fold upon precipitation of ammonium sulfate at a concentration of 60%. Identification of bacteria based on molecular identification showed that PKL2 obtained was putatively identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Keywords: Amylase activity, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, eco-enzyme, optimum p
Respons Fisiologis Sapi Pedaging terhadap Pengabutan Air Menggunakan Sprinkler Water
Get PDFIndonesia is facing the problem of low productivity of cattle. To increase the productivity of cattle producer, it can actually be done by relocating the cattle to the comfort zone by observing the physiological response. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of misting cattle’s environment by using water sprinkler on the physiological response and the microclimate of the cattle’s shed. The design used was a paired T-test for physiological and microclimate response variables with 5 replications and a completely randomized design to determine the difference between body surface temperatures. The observations were conducted before water misting and after water misting. The results showed that treatment of misting water in the afternoon significantly decreased (P<0.05) the variables of cage temperature, humidity, temperature humidity index, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Water misting in the afternoon in cattle produced a good effect on all physiological response variables.
Keywords: beef cattle, pen microclimate, physiological responses, water sprinkle
Structural Equation Model - Parsial Least Square Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penjualan Coffee Shop Bacarito Kopi di Kota Padang
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the factors that affect sales of coffee shop Bacarito Kopi in Padang City. The research method used is a survey method. Consumers who are used as respondents are determined by accidental sampling with a total of 70 respondents. The data were obtained through interview guides and distributing questionnaires using a likert scale. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that in carrying out sales activities, Bacarito Kopi has paid attention to controlled environmental factors, namely aspects of the marketing mix, consisting of price, promotion, place or distribution, and product quality. Other efforts made by Bacarito Kopi in conducting sales activities are improving the company’s performance by providing optimal service to the consumers, innovating to survive during intense competition, and expanding the market by opening business branches, and utilizing distribution intermediaries to expand the market. Based on the tests conducted on the research variables using the SEM-PLS analysis method with smartPLS software, it shows that the factors that have a significant effect on the sales of coffee shop Bacarito Kopi in Padang City are the seller’s ability (X1), competition (X2), product quality (X3), price (X4), and promotion (X5).
Keywords: sales, marketing mix, coffee, bacarito kop
Biaya Kebakaran Gambut yang Ditanggung oleh Rumah Tangga Petani di Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to estimate the costs borne by farming households due to peatland fires. The research location was Air Sugihan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and 3 villages were selected representing the district i.e., Rengas Abang Village, Nusa Karta Village, and Jadi Mulya Village. Twenty samples of farmer households were taken as respondents. Data collection activities were carried out in August‒September 2021. Data analysis methods used Cost of Illness, Loss of Earnings, Equivalency Analysis, and Loss on Farming. Economic losses due to forest and peatland fires in Air Sugihan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency amounted to IDR773.338.080 with 1.91% of medical expenses, 0.27% of additional cost of drinking water, 41.91% of increase in farming costs, and losses of farmer income by 55.91%, or IDR557,160/week/farmer household with a total of 1,388 households. The costs paid by farming households in Air Sugihan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency due to peatland fires, increased substantially compared to the cost paid before the fire was occurred. It is concluded that in minimizing the impact of forest and peatland fires it is necessary to carry out interventions so that similar incidents do not recur in the future.
Keywords: cost, farmers, impact of fire, peatland fire
Pekarangan Pinggir Kota untuk Menyangga Ekosistem Perkotaan: Pemanfaatan dan Keanekaragaman Tanaman
Get PDFHome garden “pekarangan” plays an important role in conserving plant diversity in urban and suburban area. The suburban area including of pekarangan is a buffer area to preserve the quality of the urban environment. This study aimed to determine the utilization and plant diversity in suburban pekarangan of Yogyakarta. This research was carried out in Maguwoharjo using a survey method for 105 samples of home garden. Data were collected by observation using purposive sampling based on size of yard area. The results showed that the utilization of pekarangan in Maguwoharjo was dominated by ornamental plants, consist of sri rejeki (Aglaonema sp., Araceae), orchids (Dendrobium, Orchidaceae) and frangipani trees (Plumeria sp., Apocynaceae). Other functions of home garden were fruit plant and ground cover/grass. There was found 90 species of plants from 49 families, 27 species of trees, 60 species of shrubs, and three species of ground cover. The Shannon Wienner plant diversity index (H\u27) was above 3 indicating the high category and the Evenness species evenness index (E) was close to 1 indicating a stable ecosystem condition. The H’ and E index based on size of yard area showed 3.74 and 0.88 (very small, <20 m2), 3.90 and 0,.89 (small, 20–50 m2), 3.44 and 0.88 (medium, 50–100 m2), 3.52 and 0.93 (big, 100–200 m2), 3.06 and 0.94 (very big, >200 m2). The results showed that suburban home garden “pekarangan” can support quality of urban ecosystem and its preservation.
Keywords: evenness index, Maguwoharjo Sleman, shannon wienner index, suburban pekarangan, Yogyakart
Peningkatan Potensi Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai Pangan Pencegah Hiperkolesterolemia
Get PDFMoringa (Moringa oleifera) seeds contain good nutritional constituents and several components that can potentially reduce cholesterol levels, namely oleic acid, phytosterols, and dietary fiber. However, it tastes bitter, so it needs to be treated so that the bitter taste disappears but does not affect much of the content that can lower cholesterol. This study aims to get moringa seeds that are not bitter and have the potential to prevent hypercholesterolemia. The soaking treatment of peeled moringa seeds in either water or 3.5% NaCl salt, followed by 80 minutes of boiling, resulted in moringa flour with a very low bitter taste. The oleic acid content of the seed flour from soaking treatment with water or salt by boiling for 40 or 80 minutes is still high, in the range of 69–72%. Oleic acid is known to improve blood cholesterol profiles. The content of phytosterols, one of the cholesterol absorption inhibitors, from moringa flour treatment of 27–29 mg/100 g dw, is much higher than control flour (15 mg/100 g dw). The dietary fiber content of moringa seeds (total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber) generally does not change after treatment. The results showed that soaking moringa seeds in water for 24 hours, followed by boiling for 80 minutes, produced moringa flour that can be used to develop hypercholesterolemia prevention foods.
Keywords: bitter taste, cholesterol, moringa seeds, oleic, phytostero
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pegagan pada Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Organik
Get PDFGotu kola is one of the medicinal plants that is widely used because of its various nutritional content. In general, the cultivation only uses inorganic fertilizers, which have long-term effects that are not good for the environment. The use of organic fertilizers is an effort to produce high-standard products. Rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer and goat manure are alternative types of fertilizer that can be given. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the response of giving liquid organic fertilizer of rabbit urine and goat manure and their interaction with the growth and yield. The study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) with a concentration of 0, 2, and 4%. The second factor was goat manure with doses of 0, 37, and 75 g/polybag. The results showed that applying rabbit urine (LOF) and goat manure increased the growth and yield of gotu kola. Application of 2% rabbit urine LOF significantly increased stalk length compared to controls. Gotu kola plants given 37 g/polybag of goat manure produced stolons that were significantly longer than those treated with goat manure 75 g/polybag and had significantly heavier roots than other treatments. The interaction of rabbit urine LOF and goat manure application had no significant effect on all observed variables.
Keywords: goat manure, gotu kola, liquid organic fertilizer, rabbit urin
Jenis dan Konsentrasi Tanah Pengelantang untuk Menurunkan Prekursor Senyawa 3-MCPDE dan GE pada Pemucatan CPO
Get PDFRefined palm oil contains contaminants such as 3-monochloropropane diol ester (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl ester (GE) which are formed from diacylglycerol (DAG) and chloride (Cl) as precursors during processing. There is a need to control the levels of precursors especially during the bleaching stage using selected bleaching earth (BE). Reducing the number of precursors after the bleaching stage will minimize the formation of 3-MCPDE and GE in bleached palm oil (BPO) for the next refinery stage. The research consisted of three stages: (1) characterization of raw materials consisting of CPO, BE types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; (2) study on the effect of BE type; and (3) study on the concentration effect of selected BE for reducing DAG and Cl by chemical analysis of oil quality. The results showed that degummed palm oil (DPO) contained DAG of 6.70%, free fatty acid 5.66%, carotene 424.31 mg/kg, P 20.30 mg/kg, and Fe <0.021 mg/kg. The five types of BE have different physicochemical properties on which the effect will be seen on BPO. The second stage results showed that BE-4 was selected as the most potential BE. Using BE-4 of 2.5% was proven to reduce total Cl as 3-MCPDE precursors in the resulted BPO sample. The Cl level decreased to 3.05 mg/kg with the largest decrease percentage of 55.80% compared to DPO sample. BE-4 concentration of 2.5% has been able to withstand and prevent the increase of DAG as a precursor to GE contaminants during bleaching process.
Keywords: 3-monokloropropanadiol ester, chloride, diacylglycerol, glycidyl ester, palm oi
Potensi dan Keragaman Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Biokontrol Anggrek
Get PDFSoft rot disease in orchid plants is a factor in decreasing orchid production. One way of biological control that has the potential to spur growth is to utilize endophytic bacteria. This study aims to describe the diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria that have the potential as growth promoters and biocontrol agents. Observation parameters include indole acetic acid (IAA) production, inorganic phosphate dissolution, ammonia production of orchid endophytic bacteria, and antagonism of endophytic bacteria to pathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot in vitro. The diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria was analyzed using rep-PCR with BOX-A1R primer. The results showed that 10 isolates of orchid endophytic bacteria were able to produce IAA with a concentration of 79–321 μg/mL, able to dissolve phosphate, and produce ammonia. In antagonism testing against soft rot-causing bacteria, all isolates were able to form an inhibitory zone with a diameter of 3–7.2 cm. Furthermore, diversity analysis using rep-PCR showed that isolates of endophytic bacteria DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 had a uniform DNA band pattern so that they were grouped together. Meanwhile, isolates of TbPh7, IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 showed different DNA band patterns, indicating that the four isolates were different species or subspecies of bacteria. In dendrogram analysis, DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 isolates have a similarity of 100%. The similarity of isolates IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 was 90%, 79%, and 68%, respectively, against the other six isolates. TbPh7 isolate is an isolate with a low level of similarity to other isolates, which is about 51%.
Keywords: orchid, endophytic bacteria, growth promoter, biocontrol agent, rep-PC