Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Efektivitas Aplikasi Amonium Klorida dan Sumber Kalium Berbeda pada Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)
Get PDFNitrogen (N) fertilizer of the urea type is very commonly used in Indonesia. The demand for this fertilizer is expected to increase, so an alternative is needed as a complement. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a by-product produced in the soda ash industry. This compound contains 26% N, which can be an alternative source of N nutrients for plants. The level of the following element, namely chlorine (Cl), is relatively high, so it is a concern that might affect the plant growth. This field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of ammonium chloride combined with potash fertilizers on the growth, production, and uptake of N and Cl nutrients in sweet corn plants. The trial was designed in a randomized group with nine treatments of 0%, 100%, 150%, and 200% N, combined with potassium sources from KCl and K2SO4. As a comparison, the source of N is urea at a dose of 100% N is referred to as the standard N treatment. Parameters observed included plant height, the weight of corn cobs and corn stover, N and Cl nutrient uptakes in seeds, leaves, and stems. The results showed that the application of ammonium chloride combined with different K sources markedly affected plant height, cob and plant stover weight, and N and Cl uptakes of sweet corn compared to controls. Applying N-ammonium chloride with KCl and K2SO4 showed no significant effect in growth and yield compared to standard N. The N dose showed no significant effect on plant growth and yield compared to the standard N dose.
Keywords: by-product, nitrogen fertilizer, soda as
Struktur, Perilaku, dan Kinerja Pemasaran Cabe Jamu di Kecamatan Bluto
Get PDFJava long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a potential export commodity. One of the centers of Java long pepper production in Indonesia is Sumenep Regency. However, in marketing, farmers only act as price takers, and prices fluctuate a lot. This study aimed to describe the structure, conduct, and performance of the Java Long Pepper market in Bluto District, Sumenep Regency. Sampling was carried out using the snowball sampling method to obtain a sample of 31 farmers, 2 small traders, and 1 large trader. The analysis technique used is the SCP (structure, conduct, and performance) with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Market structure is analyzed by calculating CR and IHH, market conduct by analyzing pricing methods, marketing channels, and marketing functions, and market performance by marketing margin and farmer’s share. Based on the research results, it is known that the market structure that occurs is an oligopsony with a high concentration and collusion price leadership types by the dominant firm. Market conduct shows that farmers cannot bargain, and traders determine absolute prices. Market performance is seen from marketing channel I which is considered the best, with a marketing margin IDR2.000,00 and a farmer’s share of 97.30%. This condition of imperfect market competition needs to be controlled and paid attention to so that it can be managed well, create healthy business conditions, and avoid monopoly.
Keywords: Java long pepper, market performance, market conduct, market structur
Nutrien dan Morfologi Membran Kerabang Telur Ayam Kampung sebagai Bahan Baku Produksi Kolagen
Get PDFCollagen derived from the eggshell membrane, is an increasingly popular functional material. Native chicken is one of the leading local commodities whose industrial waste has the potential to be used as collagen raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients and morphology of the eggshell membrane of native chicken eggs as raw material for collagen production. The parameters observed were morphology using electron scanning microscopy, mineral composition, and collagen nutrient content (water and protein). SEM observations showed that the eggshell membrane of native chicken eggs was fibrous. The meshed fiber form represents the extracellular matrix present in collagen proteins. The eggshell membrane contains Cl, K, Ca, P, and Mg macrominerals at 1.696%, 1.796%, 14.30%, 0.437%, and 0.146%, respectively. Microminerals I and Mo were also found at 0.00034% and 0.00014%, respectively. The moisture content of the superior native chicken eggshell membrane decreased by 13.05% after the collagen extraction (p<0.05), with a crude protein content of 25.32% after the extraction. It was concluded that the eggshell membrane of native chicken eggs produces fibrous morphological characteristics that are meshed and contain high minerals so that they have the potential to be used as raw materials for collagen production in various applications.
Keywords: collagen, eggshell, eggshell membrane, native chicken, morpholog
Daya Saing Biji Pala Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Get PDFIndonesia is a nutmeg exporter with the highest export value during 2012‒2020. However, the growth of Indonesia\u27s export value is lower than its competitors. Therefore, to maintain its position as a major exporter, it is important to know its competitiveness. This study aims to explain the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg in the world and in ten export destinations. In addition, this study was conducted to analyze the competitive position in the export destination market. The study uses secondary data from UN Comtrade. The data are Indonesian export values of whole and powdered nutmeg in the international market and in ten destination countries during 2012‒2020. The data were processed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA) analysis. The results showed that Indonesian whole and powdered nutmeg were competitive in the world market. However, the competitiveness is lower than nutmeg competitiveness of Sri Lanka. Indonesian nutmegs in ten destination markets are also competitive, with the highest competitiveness being in Italy and Germany. Nevertheless, the always positive growth of competitiveness from two products occurred in Japan, thus make Japan\u27s competitive position in rising star during the period of 2018‒2020. Increasing the competitiveness of nutmeg can be done by increasing the export value of the product through regulations by the government regarding post-harvest handling so that there is only a small amount of aflatoxin. In addition, the government can more focus on increasing exports to Japan.
Keywords: competitiveness, dynamic revealed comparative advantage, revealed comparative advantage, nutme
Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Merah Berdasarkan Musim di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Get PDFThe difference in seasonality in the red chili farming business affects the allocation of the use of production factors and the availability of its supply in the market, which is suspected to affect the cost structure and revenue of the farming business. This study aims to calculate the cost structure, revenue, and earnings of red chili farming businesses in the dry and wet seasons in Central Java Province. Data was collected from the 2013 Agricultural Census: 2014 Horticultural Crop Business Household Survey and a 2535 red chili farmers sample. The methods used include the analysis on income, cost and revenue structure, revenue, R/C ratio, and Mann-Whitney differential test. The results showed that the cash and overall costs of farming red chili in the dry season were higher than in the wet season. So are the total and cash revenues. Farming in the dry season is more profitable in terms of cash income, net farm income, R/C ratio, return to total capital, and return to land, which is higher than in the wet season. The results of the Mann-Whitney difference test showed a significant difference in the income factors and R/C ratio of the red chili farm business in the two seasons.
Keywords: cost structure, income, R/C ratio, red chili, seaso
Ekstrak Bawang Dayak Penghambat Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus pada Daging Ayam
Get PDFMicrobial contamination on chicken meat can be inhibited by applying natural antimicrobials. Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) are reported to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to confirm and apply dayak onion extract (EBD) as an antimicrobial in fresh chicken meat. The observation parameters were the microbiological quality and physical properties of chicken meat after inoculation with E. coli and S. aureus and dipped in EBD solution with concentrations of 0, 3.0, 9.0, and 15.0 mg/mL for E. coli, and 0, 2.5, 7.5, and 12.5 mg/mL for S. aureus. The results showed that EBD-70% ethanol showed better bacterial inhibition than EBD-96% ethanol. Inhibition for both microbes can be achieved by concentrations of 3.0 and 2.5 mg/mL EBD, as visually observed in liquid media. Concentrations of 15.0 and 12.5 mg/mL showed significant results in reducing the total microbes of both types in chicken meat after 12 hours of room temperature storage (28±2°C) and 9 days of refrigerator storage (5±1°C). A combined application of 15.0 and 12.5 mg/mL EBD and refrigerator temperature can be recommended to reduce total E. coli and S. aureus and maintain the Aw and pH of the chicken meat.
Keywords: antimicrobial, chicken meat, dayak onion extract, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureu
Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Serangga pada Tanaman Jagung di Tojo Una-Una, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Get PDFVarious insects (Arthropoda: Insecta) have an important role in the agricultural sector, including corn crops. Understanding the diversity of species and composition of insects in the plantation area is a necessary first step in implementing integrated pest management (IPM). This study aims to analyze the diversity of species and composition of insects found in corn plantation in the Malotong Village, Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out in October and November 2022 using insect nets in four plots. A total of 21 species (16 families and four orders) were found in this study, with the order Hemiptera having the highest number of families and genus (7 families and 8 genera). The Shannon diversity index (H′) showed moderate criteria, with the highest found in plot 1 (H′=1,60), while the highest Evenness index values were found in plots 3 (0,77) and 4 (0,74). The highest similarity indexes were found in plots 2 and 3 (0,53), as a result of their shared vegetation patterns. The composition of insects consists of herbivores, predators, and pollinators, with the highest percentage being herbivores (68.5%), then predators (25%), and the lowest being pollinators (6.5%).
Keywords: Abundance, Central Sulawesi, corn, IPM, Tojo Una-Un
Bioprospeksi Bakteri Asal Akar Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) Lahan Gambut Kayu Agung, Sumatra Selatan, sebagai Agen Biostimulan dan Bioprotektan
Get PDFPineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is a plant that can live well on nutrient-poor lands such as peatlands. However, plant resistance to nutrient-poor conditions is caused by symbiosis with endophytic bacteria capable of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) through biostimulant and bioprotective mechanisms. This study aims to characterize the potential of endophytic bacteria from pineapple roots from peatlands as biostimulants and bioprotective agents. Thirteen endophytic bacteria from pineapple root were characterized by their ability as biostimulants through phosphate dissolution tests using Pikovskaya media qualitatively and quantitatively, and the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) upon additional 0.1% tryptophan. Furthermore, bacteria as bioprotectors were characterized by qualitative production of chitinase enzyme and antifungal tests against Fusarium proliferatum using dual culture techniques. The results showed the presence of 2 positive bacteria in all tests, namely the ANAP3 and ANAP5 isolates. ANPA3 bacteria show the highest activity in IAA production (26.3 ppm), and the highest antifungal activity in inhibiting F. proliferatum, with an inhibitory index reaching 52.6%. Meanwhile, ANAP5 is an endophytic bacterium with the highest phosphate dissolving activity, with a dissolved phosphate value of 253.5 ppm. This finding shows that some endophytic bacteria from pineapple roots on peatlands can be biostimulants and bioprotectors that can be developed as PGPB.
Keywords: Ananas comosus L. Merr, endophytic bacteria, bioprotectant, biostimulant, Fusarium proliferatu
Penilaian dan Pemetaan Status Keberlanjutan Kota di Provinsi Banten
Get PDFThe world population is proliferating, and the proportion of people living in urban areas is also increasing. It is challenging to achieve the SDGs, especially SDG 11, which aims to make cities and communities more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Meeting the needs of urban residents, such as housing, public infrastructure, a clean environment, security, jobs, and other basic needs to live comfortably in a city with limited resources, is a problem. Sustainable cities are becoming increasingly important today to facilitate the growth of sustainable cities that integrate economic, sociocultural, environmental, ICT/transverse, and urban dimensions. Effective evaluation of urban sustainability is essential for sustainable development. Banten Province is one of the regions that has committed to achieving the SDGs. This commitment is contained in Banten Governor Regulation Number 47 of 2019 concerning the Regional Action Plan for the Sustainable Development Goals of Banten Province for 2020‒2022. Therefore, this study aims to assess and map the sustainability status of cities in Banten Province using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) analysis and processed with PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METHods for Enrichment Evaluation). The number of criteria for a sustainable city in 2012 was 82 criteria and 109 criteria in 2022, where the highest number of criteria is on the sociocultural and economic dimensions. The PROMETHEE results show that the cities in Banten Province with the best sustainability levels are Tangerang City and South Tangerang City. City governments with low sustainability status or experiencing a decrease in sustainability status need to improve the performance of sustainable city indicators so that development can be sustainable.
Keywords: ecology, economics, evaluation, preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluation, socia
Penilaian AHP Jalur Hijau Koridor Transjakarta 8 DKI Jakarta Berdasarkan Fungsi Ekologis Vegetasi
Get PDFGreenbelt and green infrastructure are still very limited in Jakarta. Transjakarta Corridor 8 Harmoni - Lebak Bulus covers Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, and South Jakarta which are government centers and densely populated settlements. The high activity in the area causes an increase in transportation flows and greenhouse gas emissions. The transportation sector is the highest contributor to CO2e emissions in the capital city, thus reducing environmental quality, especially the greenbelt in Transjakarta Corridor 8. The assessment of ecological functions in this study consists of 7 variables, namely noise reduction, pollution reduction, air humidity, view control, glare control, direction and accident prevention. The research location is divided into 5 segments with the analysis method used, namely the assessment of ecological function aspects and the formulation of recommendations based on Hierarchical Process Analysis. The results of the assessment on ecological functions with noise-canceling variables were (Polyalthia longifolia) Glodongan Tiang, (Casuarina sp.) Spruce, (Acacia auriculiformis) Acacia, and (Archontophoenix alexandrae) Alexander Palm. The results of the pollution reduction assessment of each segment are dominated by vegetation types (Mangifera indica) Mango, (Polyalthia longifolia) Glodongan Tiang, (Carbera odollam) Bintaro. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the AHP assessment weight was obtained. The combined AHP results show the highest priority scale for the evaluation recommendations of this research is Pollution Reduction as the most important variable with a weight of 0.348, the second rank is Accident Reducer with a weight of 0.300, the third rank is Glare Control with a weight of 0.150. The combined results of 3 experts produce a consistency ratio value of 0.05, the consistency ratio value of 0.05 is smaller than 0.10 so it can be said to have met the consistent requirements.
Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, emission, roadside greenbel