JRSKT - Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan
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Chemical and Physical Assessment of Water Quality in the Panimbang River Estuary, Pandeglang, Indonesia
No full textThe Panimbang River in Pandeglang, Indonesia, is widely used by residents for daily activities. This study analyzed water quality using physical parameters, including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), TSS (Total Suspended Solids), salinity, and alkalinity. Samples were taken around the estuary, which is surrounded by settlements. The results showed a pH of 4.50–6.49, below the standard of 6–9, indicating slightly acidic water. High temperatures, thought to be due to daytime sampling, affect DO. The average DO value was only 2.96 mg/L, well below the minimum threshold of 5 mg/L, indicating poor aeration. The average TDS is above 1000 ppm, indicating pollution from household waste and human activities. The average alkalinity of 384.976 mg/L CaCO₃ is within the safe range (30–500 mg/L), so it can stabilize pH. The water quality in the Panimbang River Estuary indicates environmental pressure from anthropogenic activities, resulting in slightly acidic water with low aeration and high solute content. However, adequate alkalinity still helps maintain the water's pH stability. This condition indicates the need for more intensive monitoring and waste management to protect estuarine ecosystems, which are vital to the community and the surrounding environment
The Potential of Activated Carbon from Durian (Durio Zibenthius) Peel Waste As An Adsorbent Of Oil Spill
No full textOil exploration activities, such as ship loading and unloading, can lead to oil spills at sea, as can oil spills and tanker collisions. An affordable method for dealing with these spills is adsorption using activated carbon derived from bio-waste, such as durian peel. This study aims to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of durian peel-activated carbon on oil spills. The carbonization of durian peel was carried out at 300 °C and activated with KOH at 5, 20, 35, and 50% (w/v). Durian peel activated carbon with 35% KOH showed the best results for moisture content (5.442%), ash content (4.457%), bound carbon content (72.050%), and iodine adsorption (896.033 mg/g), according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR measurements revealed that KOH activation did not induce significant changes in the wavenumbers of functional groups, but did increase the pore diameter, as confirmed by SEM. Its adsorption efficiency with a batch system on crude oil in simulated and real seawater reached 90.182% and 90.091%, respectively. These results suggest that activated carbon from durian peel has excellent potential as an oil adsorbent. This would increase its utility value and reduce the accumulation of biomass waste
Studi Variasi Suhu dan Kosentrasi Larutan Asam Sitrat terhadap Karakteristik Silika Daun Tebu menggunakan Metode Leaching
Full text linkTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang studi variasi suhu dan konsentrasi larutan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik silika daun tebu menggunakan metode leaching dengan 3 variasi suhu 60ºC, 80ºC, 100ºC dan 3 variasi konsentrasi 8%, 10%, 12%. Metode yang dilakukan ialah preparasi daun tebu, sintesis silika daun tebu menggunakan metode leaching dengan asam sitrat, dan pembakaran daun tebu hasil leaching asam sitrat. Pengujian dilakukan untuk memperoleh silika murni. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi suhu dan konsentrasi larutan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik silika daun tebu yang diperoleh dengan metode leaching. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 analisis yaitu, untuk analisis XRD menunjukan didapatnya hasil struktur silika yang masih amorf. Analisis FTIR menunjukan gugus fungsi yang terbentuk yaitu -OH, Si-O-Si dan Si-O. Analisis SEM menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu leaching yang diberikan terhadap sampel maka ukuran butir semakin merata
Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) Bark as an Ointment-Based Treatment for Skin Diseases Against Staphylococcus aureus
No full textOne plant with potential to treat skin diseases is the Kesambi plant. Based on community experience in Cilegon, a decoction of Kesambi tree bark has been used to treat skin ailments, including itching, insect bites, and scabies. This research aims to reveal the potential of ethyl acetate extract from the tree bark as a standardized ointment preparation. Extraction was performed using the maceration method. Quality testing of the ointment included antibacterial, safety, stability, organoleptic, and bioactive compound content testing. The best formulation was formulation 1, with an antibacterial inhibition zone of 0.6-0.7 mm, classified as moderate. Increasing the amount of extract did not significantly affect antibacterial activity. The bioactive compound content in the ointment consisted of compounds from the groups of triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, and flavonoids
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated with Folliculitis
Full text linkVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a pure coconut oil rich in lauric acid, giving it potential antibacterial properties. Previous studies have successfully produced a VCO using a combined fermentation and enzymatic method with Neurospora sitophila, Lactobacillus plantarum, and papain. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to determine the antibacterial efficacy of the VCO against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium responsible for folliculitis. This study analyzed of the antibacterial activity of VCO and Hydrolyzed Virgin Coconut Oil (HVCO) against P. aeruginosa in vitro. VCO is obtained by fermenting coconut milk using N. sitophila, L. plantarum and papain, then VCO undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of Lipozyme TL IM to yield HVCO. Inhibition zone assays were conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of 100% VCO and HVCO at varying concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. The largest inhibition zone was shown by 100% HVCO (9.5 ± 0.3 mm in diameter), which was statistically significantly different from the control, ampicillin trihydrate. The data suggested that HVCO has enhanced antibacterial effectiveness against P. aeruginosa, compared to VCO. This increased activity is attributed to its higher free fatty acids and monolaurin content
Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Spirulina platensis as Potential Antioxidants: An In-silico Approach
No full textOxidative stress is a significant trigger of degenerative diseases, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses. This study aims to identify bioactive compounds from Spirulina platensis and to evaluate their antioxidant potential using an in-silico approach. Candidate screening was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, antioxidant activity prediction, pharmacokinetic evaluation (Lipinski's Rule of Five), and ligand–receptor interaction analysis (molecular docking). GC-MS analysis identified 30 bioactive compounds across various classes, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, and steroids. Activity prediction showed that all compounds exhibited antioxidant potential with Pa > 0.7 and Pi > 0.3, meeting both Lipinski's criteria and drug-likeness requirements. Among them, phytol and ethyl iso-allochol were demonstrated binding energies (∆G) of –5.0 and –7.3 kcal/mol, respectively, which were lower than the natural ligand 3-[(1R)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethoxy]-5-(1-piperidin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-2-amine with –8.3 kcal/mol, suggesting their potential as free radical inhibitors. The microalga S. platensis thus contains antioxidant-active compounds with promising potential for further development. However, additional evaluations through active compound isolation as well as in vitro and in vivo studies are required
Uji Efektivitas Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Tin (Ficus Carica L.) Sebagai Formulasi Body Scrub
Full text linkBuah tin merupakan buah dengan tekstur yang khas dan dikenal luas karena berbagai manfaatnya bagi kesehatan manusia. Salah satu bagian pada tanaman tin yaitu daun tin juga dapat dimanfaatkan karena memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh manusia. Namun, tidak banyak dari kita yang mengetahui bahwa daun tin juga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan kulit sehingga pemanfaatannya dalam produk kecantikan seperti body scrub masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak daun tin dan pengaruh kandungan metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak daun tin terhadap formulasi body scrub. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, metode eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu daun tin muda dan daun tin tua yang dikeringkan dengan beragam suhu. Data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari berat basah daun tin, berat kering daun tin, uji fitokimia, dan uji FTIR. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun tin adalah flavonoid dengan pereaksi Wilstater akibat terbentuknya warna kuning dan NaOH 10% mengubah hijau menjadi coklat dan Uji polifenol yaitu uji fenolat dan tanin dengan FeCl3 yang mengubah hijau menjadi hitam kehijauan yang berperan sebagai antioksidan utama dengan kadar sedang. Selain itu sampel daun tin tua dengan pengeringan suhu 45° yang menyusut paling banyak sebesar 45% merupakan sampel yang terbaik diantara 5 sampel lainnya untuk dijadikan ekstrak daun tin pada formulasi body scrub didikung oleh uji FTIR yang menunjukkan daerah frekuensi tertinggi pada ikatan gugus (C-H) dengan tipe senyawa fenol sebesar 3629.46 cm-1 yaitu sampel DT 4503 yang memiliki kandungan fenol tertinggi sebagai antioksidan bagi kulit.
Deteksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus Menggunakan Primer Gen toxR2 dengan Gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction
Full text linkMakanan adalah kebutuhan vital, dengan kriteria utama adalah keamanan, kualitas, dan nilai gizi. Untuk memastikan keamanan makanan, diperlukan metode deteksi yang cepat dan akurat, terutama untuk mendeteksi bakteri patogen penyebab keracunan makanan. Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan bakteri patogen yang banyak ditemukan pada makanan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode deteksi cepat V. parahaemolyticus dengan menargetkan gen toxR2 menggunakan Gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction. Gen toxR dipilih karena fungsinya sebagai pengatur penting gen virulensi. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi desain primer, penyiapan sampel bakteri dari biakan murni, dan uji amplifikasi menggunakan PCR Gradien. Hasil uji amplifikasi menunjukan bahwa pasangan primer toxR2 berhasil mengamplifikasi pada suhu 58-62°C dengan dihasilkan pita berukuran 137 bp. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa PCR Gradien dengan primer toxR2 dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengembangkan alat deteksi V. parahaemolyticus dengan dilakukan uji lanjutan seperti uji konfirmasi, uji spesifisitas, uji sensitivitas, dan uji pada pangan menggunakan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Identification and Assay of Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide in Fixed-Dose Dispersible Tablets Containing Rifampicin Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in Indonesia, which ranks among the countries withthe highest TB burden. Fixed-dose dispersible anti-tuberculosis formulations containing rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide are widely recommended to enhance patient adherence and minimize the risk of drug resistance. Ensuring the quality and appropriate dosage of active pharmaceutical ingredients is essential for achieving therapeutic effectiveness and maintaining TB control. This study aimed to perform routine quality assessment and regulatory compliance assays on commercialanti-TB fixed-dose combination (FDC) dispersible tablets using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as specified in the International Pharmacopoeia 2025. The HPLC system was equipped with a C18 column and used a mobile phase consisting of acetate buffer (pH 5) and methanol (94:6 v/v). System suitability testing was conducted before analysis, with %RSD values below 2%, resolution greaterthan 2.0, and tailing factors ≤ 2.0, indicating acceptable precision, selectivity, and chromatographic performance. The retention times of isoniazid and pyrazinamide were consistent with those of the reference standards, confirming identity. The assay results showed that pyrazinamide (100.3%) and isoniazid (99.9%) were within the specification limits set by the International Pharmacopoeia. These findings demonstrate that the official monograph method is suitable for regulatory-grade quality control testing of dispersible anti-tuberculosis fixed-dose combination tablets, and that the tested product met pharmacopeial quality requirements
Column Study and Desorption Performance of Coffee Biomass-Calcium-Alginate Beads to Remove Pb²⁺ Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Full text linkHeavy metal pollution, particularly by lead (Pb²⁺), poses a serious environmental threat and can significantly impact human health. This study aims to evaluate the performance of an adsorbent composed of a mixture of coffee waste and calcium alginate (Coffee-Calcium-Alginate/CCA beads) in removing Pb²⁺ ions through column experiments, as well as to assess the desorption efficiency and reusability of the adsorbent. Column studies were conducted at 1 ppm Pb2+ ions initial concentration, a flow rate of 2.2 mL/min, using a column with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 7 mm to determine the breakthrough time of the adsorbate, while desorption was performed using HNO₃ to evaluate the efficiency of Pb²⁺ ions release and the potential for adsorbent reuse. The results demonstrated that the CCA adsorbent was able to retain high efficiency over two adsorption–desorption cycles, with desorption efficiencies of 96.35% and 86.64%. The desorption mechanism involves protonation of carboxylate groups and competition between H⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions at the active sites. Overall, CCA beads exhibit promising potential as an effective and reusable adsorbent for treating water contaminated with heavy metals. Future research could explore the effects of varying initial Pb²⁺ ions concentrations and column height to gain a more comprehensive understanding of desorption dynamics within the column system.
Keywords: adsorption, coffee biomass, calcium alginate, Pb2+, lead