58622 research outputs found
Sort by
Overlapping Effects of Music Training on Multisensory and Emotion Processing:A Systematic Review
Get PDFEvidence suggests musicians have enhanced audio-visual and emotion recognition abilities. However, these two lines of research have generally been separated in the literature, despite these processes being similarly altered in certain populations (e.g., autism, schizophrenia). The current systematic review presents a comprehensive picture of the effect of music training on behavioural and neural changes in audio-visual and emotion recognition processes, to better understand where they might overlap or share any similarities. It additionally assessed the impact of different music training factors (i.e., training onset, length, type of musical instrument and the type of research task). Finally, this review aimed to produce a clearer understanding of whether the effects of music training extend beyond the music and sound domain. Following PRISMA guidelines, 64 papers were identified, of which 41 examined audio-visual processing, 20 investigated emotion processing, and three examined both processes. The available evidence revealed a consistent musician advantage for some audio-visual processes (e.g., audio-visual temporal correspondence), with some evidence that this advantage extended beyond the music domain. Consistent musician advantages were also found for processing basic emotions from speech prosody, with some evidence that this extended to complex emotions. A share brain network for these effects was identified comprising the anterior cingulate cortex and superior frontal gyrus. Together, our findings suggest that audio-visual and emotion recognition processes share a number of similarities in how music training can shape them. Further research should directly explore the combined effect of music training on multisensory and emotion recognition to inform effective music interventions aimed at enhancing these processes
Comparative Evaluation of Optimization Algorithms for Truss Shape Design
Get PDFComputational optimization methods are increasingly employed in structural engineering to achieve efficient and reliable designs. This paper introduces a framework that integrates finite element analysis (FEA) with three optimization algorithms β Derivative-Free Optimization (DFO) Nelder- Mead, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Genetic Algorithms (GA) β to perform shape optimization of truss structures. Unlike previous works that studied these algorithms separately, this paper benchmarks them under identical problem formulations, providing a fair basis for selecting suitable methods in structural design optimization. The framework ensures a standardized problem setup, allowing a fair comparison of algorithmic performance in terms of convergence speed, optimization quality, consistency, and flexibility. Detailed steps for implementation using Python libraries are provided to facilitate future implementation and further development by other researchers. Applications to several truss configurations, including cross-braced bays and bridge systems, demonstrate that while all algorithms achieved significant displacement reductions, distinct trade-offs exist: DFO provides rapid and consistent results with minimal computational overhead; PSO converges quickly with high-quality solutions; and GA offers strong adaptability but at the cost of higher computational effort. By establishing a reproducible computational workflow, this study provides insights into algorithm selection for structural optimization and highlights Pythonβs suitability as a platform for applied engineering computations
An Automatic HTS Flux Pump with Pulsed Voltage Drive
Get PDFFlux pumps supply current to superconducting magnets without direct electrical contact, eliminating resistive leads and reducing their associated cryogenic load. Automatic flux pumps achieve this by periodically driving a section of the superconductor into the normal state by exceeding its critical current during part of the waveform cycle. Previously reported high-temperature superconductor (HTS) automatic flux pumps rely on bulky drive electronics and nonlinear current waveforms on the primary side for operation. In this work, we present an automatic HTS flux pump that simplifies these requirements by using a pulsed voltage waveform to drive the transformer primary. The system successfully charges an HTS magnet to 120 A dc within 20 s. It utilizes a noninductive bifilar HTS bridge as the self-rectifying element and a resistive copper braid as the transformer secondary. These results demonstrate how automatic flux pumps can be powered by simple dc sources, such as batteries, thereby improving the portability and practicality of HTS magnet power systems.</p
Biokinetic soft-sensing using Thiothrix and Ca. Microthrix bacteria to calibrate secondary settling, aeration and N<sub>2</sub>O emission digital twins
Get PDFClimate resilience in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) necessitates improved adaptation to shock-loading conditions and mitigating greenhouse gas emission. Data-driven learning methods are widely utilised in soft-sensors for decision support and process optimization due to their simplicity and high predictive accuracy. However, unlike for mechanistic models, transferring machine-learning-based insights across systems is largely infeasible, which limits communication and knowledge sharing. To harness the benefits of both approaches, this study introduces a mechanistic online soft-sensor (MOSS) developed to calibrate digital twins of secondary settling tanks (hydraulic shock), aeration systems and nitrous oxide (N2O) greenhouse gas emission. MOSS integrates biokinetic models of filamentous microbial predictors to calibrate digital twins through meta-models (data-driven part), updated using offline settling column tests and amplicon sequencing data for microbial analysis. For the first time, this approach employs multi-filamentous-community predictors for dynamic calibration, i.e., Thiothrix and Ca. Microthrix. The calibration and early-warning capabilities of MOSS are demonstrated using experimental data from a laboratory-scale WRRF.</p
Rotational Stacking Faults in the Ionic Conductor Li<sub>3</sub>ScCl<sub>6</sub>
Get PDFHalide-based solid electrolytes have gained recent interest due to their promising ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window, but the influence of synthesis conditions on structure is not fully characterized. Here, we report a combined experimental and computational study of the effect of thermal treatment temperature on the structure and Li+ conduction dynamics of the superionic halide Li3ScCl6. Synchrotron diffraction analysis shows that samples treated between 450 Β°C and 750 Β°C form the monoclinic Li3ScCl6 structure and contain rotational stacking faults, whose density increases with thermal treatment temperature and mechanical processing time. Impedance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations using machine-learned interatomic potentials, however, indicate that these faults have a negligible effect on long-range Li+ conductivity, though local Li+ dynamics are modified. This work demonstrates that Li3ScCl6 maintains robust transport properties despite rotational stacking faults, and highlights the importance of in-depth structural analyses for understanding the relationships between synthesis protocols, structure, and ionic transport in halide solid electrolytes
Taking stock and setting directions on timely organizational phenomena:Artificial intelligence, indigeneity, precarious work, and multi-level theorizing
Get PDFThis inaugural critical reviews special issue marks a deliberate step in renewing what Human Relations has always stood for: a broad, rigorous, and human-centered conversation about work and organizing. Our aim with this special issue is therefore twofold: to take stock and to set direction. By curating critical, integrative reviews on select but timely topics, we map the evolution of debates, clarify where concepts and methods need to realign, and chart agendas that advance our understanding of the human side of organizational life. The four articles featured in this inaugural issue exemplify the intellectual breadth and critical depth that define Human Relations. Each engages a core tension of contemporary organizing; how multilevel systems interact in strategic human resource management; how colonial legacies shape Indigenous experiences of work; how precarity redefines the meaning and politics of labor; and how algorithmic technologies transform the inequalities embedded in hiring and organizational life. Read collectively, these contributions illuminate the diversity of themes, methods, and theoretical traditions that animate our journal, while also revealing a shared pursuit: understanding what it means to be human in the evolving relations of work, organization, and society.</p
Dislocation-enhanced pyroelectricity in barium titanate
Get PDFPyroelectric materials hold significant promise for thermal sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting, with the pyroelectric coefficient serving as the key figure of merit. While intrinsic lattice optimization, particularly through zero-dimensional point defects, has improved pyroelectric properties, extrinsic contributions from mobile ferroelectric domain walls have remained underexplored. Here, a dislocation-based one-dimensional mechanical doping strategy is proposed to enhance the pyroelectric response of classical ferroelectric BaTiO 3 single crystals. By employing high-temperature plastic deformation, anisotropic dislocation networks are produced that introduce localized stress concentrations and thermal expansion/contraction effects, which amplify domain-wall motion. These directional strain fields, combined with phononβdislocation interactions, lead to an anisotropic coupling of thermal and electrical fields. While the enhanced phonon scattering reduces thermal conductivity, the strong dislocationβdomain-wall coupling leads to an increase in the temperature sensitivity of polarization and accelerates domain switching, effectively compensating for the reduced heat transport. As a result, the maximum pyroelectric coefficient exceeds 600Β nCΒ cm β 2Β K β 1, representing a 38-fold increase compared to the undeformed counterpart. Structural evolution is revealed by synchrotron scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while multiscale phase-field simulations corroborate the underlying mechanism. Our work establishes dislocation engineering as an effective new pathway towards domain-wall-mediated enhancement of pyroelectric functionality.</p
Manufacturing spiral wound element of thin film composite membrane:contemporary methods and sustainable manufacturing approaches
No full textSpiral wound membrane elements made from flat sheet polyamide thin film composite (TFC) membranes have been successfully used in industrial water and wastewater treatment processes for several decades. This membrane configuration, offering high packing density and a small footprint, is the standard design for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes. Despite its industrial advantages, the manufacturing of spiral wound membrane elements relies heavily on materials derived from crude oil. This review summarizes recent progress in developing sustainable spiral wound TFC membrane elements using various approaches, including green solvents, polymers/monomers sourced from renewable or recycled materials, and fabrication techniques that eliminate hazardous solvents. While promising results have emerged from relevant laboratory studies, there is a notable absence of case studies, patents, or publications from prominent membrane manufacturers on this topic. Recognizing the significance of sustainable manufacturing in mitigating environmental impacts and optimizing resource efficiency, we foresee continued and focused efforts on this subject in the near future.</p
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! π