Space and Culture, India
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Valuing Fishing Activity of the Deepor Beel
Get PDFThe Deepor Beel is one of the large and important riverine wetlands in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. The only Ramsar site of Assam, the Beel is one of the richest biodiversity grounds in the wetland eco-system of the state. The Deepor Beel is the hub of a wide range of organisms. It provides various goods and services directly or indirectly to the villages near to the beel for their livelihood. Despite its contribution to society and ecology as a whole, these goods and services of the Beel are undervalued in the policy provisions. The prime reason for this undervaluation is that most of the goods and services of the Beel are non-marketable and those goods which have direct use-values are never valued in an economic term. To fill the gap partially, this study tries to estimate the direct use values of the Deepor Beel. Among the goods the Deepor Beel provides, fishing can be considered one of the economically significant goods. Fishing provides livelihood directly to 825 households living near the Beel. Therefore, this research tries to estimate the direct use value of fishing in the Deepor Beel. A market price approach is applied to estimate the value of this wetland resource. Net Present Value (NPV) of fishing is also estimated. The total estimated value of fishing is INR 11,64,69,375 per annum. The estimated value of fishing per hectare is INR 29,015.78 per annum. The estimated Net Present Value (NPV) of fishing is INR 97,05,78,125. This valuation is important to draw the attention of the policymakers for resource investment in conserving the Beel for continued benefits
Aquaculture Industry in Odisha: A Review
Get PDFOdisha’s economy is predominantly agriculture driven. Exports from the mining industries remained a significant source of foreign exchange. However, over a period, aquaculture exports have also emerged as a lucrative possibility. It is a perfectly suitable sector considering the long coastline, rivers and water bodies, and labour intensive nature of the industry. From an individual or community level of operation, aquaculture developed the characteristics of the industry in the early 1970s.
This descriptive research paper investigates the history of the aquaculture industry in Odisha over the past 50 years. The aquaculture industry in Odisha started two decades later than Kerala (another southern state of India), in the form of an experiential learning and opportunity-seeking process by the early players. The subsequent dominance of local players, consolidation, and expansion of the export market proves the natural resource advantage of the State.
The study emphasises the contribution of the sector to the state economy. The adoption of healthy consumption habits, large untapped Indian market, value and values-addition in the product, and evolving traceability requirements for exports are some of the significant challenges facing the industry.
Despite being an important sector for the State, this sector has not received due attention from academic research. Technology adoption practices, productivity improvement, internal competitions, development of industry structure, and role of policy could be some areas for future research
Discourse of Inclusion in the Complexity Era: In the BRICS Space
Get PDFThe relevance of the study is explained by the need to comprehend the expansion of the inclusion discourse in the situation of continuing complication of socio-cultural interaction in the BRICS countries. The modern society’s growing need to create an inclusive community, which professes the values of diversity, is associated with the complication of the socio-cultural landscape. The concept of inclusion complexity as a form of thinking that diagnoses and overcomes the devaluation of a person in all possible contexts are presented in the research by the example of the diverse experience of inclusive initiatives’ deployment in the BRICS countries. The authors emphasise that an adequate study of this phenomenon is impossible outside the study of each country’s socio-cultural experience. For optimal results, it was essential to analyse and describe the processes of inclusion formation in the BRICS format in the context of comparing existing approaches. It allowed both to identify the national specifics and to identify the universal mechanisms of inclusion formation as of a modern cultural phenomenon. The authors conceptualize the need to maintain dependencies between different types of social experience in South Africa, which reveals the importance of a comprehensive approach to overcoming existing problems connected with poverty, inequality, gender issues, and existing unemployment. The research describes the experience of implementing the inclusion policy in the sphere of culture and education in Brazil and India. Various aspects of inclusion formation in China are revealed: it is emphasized that the negative attitude towards people with health disorders is due to the socio-cultural context. The problems of financial inclusion are considered in the context of the experience of their solvation in China and India. The authors turn to the diverse experience of implementing inclusive initiatives in Russia, demonstrating the complexity of inclusion formation as a new form of humanistic thinking
Sovereign Wealth Funds: Russian and International Experience
Get PDFTaking the Russian and the International experience, the principal aim of this study is to analyse sovereign wealth funds critically.
It remains well known that the Russian National Wealth Fund is vital in the macroeconomic policy of the Russian state. After the abolition of the Reserve Fund in 2018, the Russian National Wealth Fund has to solve a wide range of tasks. In this context, one can argue that the sovereign welfare fund is a specialised monetary fund used to stabilise the state budget when government revenues decline. The welfare fund is also used to finance government needs in the long-term period. The role of sovereign wealth funds is growing in the world. They accumulate large amounts of financial resources. Sovereign wealth funds are founded in such countries where the budget strongly depends on market factors. In most cases, these factors are global commodity prices. The funds’ money is used to cover the deficit of the relevant budget in case of unfavourable market shifts. In the period of high commodity prices, the fund accumulates an excess of export earnings. Against this backdrop, the key purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of managing the National Wealth Fund in the Russian Federation. The study was carried out using the methods of synthesis, analysis, economic analysis, as well as graphic methods, and the methods of comparisons and analogies, which in turn helps in evaluating the extent of efficiency of managing the Russian National Wealth Fund.. The research findings can be used when developing an investment strategy (investment portfolio) of the Russian National Wealth Fund, through which it can aim at balancing the insurance pension system, financing of the federal budget deficit, and co-financing of voluntary pension savings. In this regard, it is imperative for the fund to perform in productive investment activities
COVID- 19 and Economic Loss of First Phase of (21- Day) Lockdown in India
Get PDFTo curb Covid-19 spread, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced a 21-day nationwide lockdown on 23 March 2020. The present study makes an attempt to estimate the state-wise and economic activity-wise economic loss of 21- day lockdown in India. The data on Net State Value Added (NSVA) by economic activity was collected for five years from the Reserve Bank of India. It was found that the percentage of the daily loss of Net State Value Added (NSVA) was considerably higher for the states of Chandigarh, Delhi and Karnataka. The manufacturing sector was expected to be the highest loser, followed by real estate, ownership of dwelling and professional services. In absolute terms, the loss was prominent in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It is worth mentioning here that what could be the magnitude of the impact of a complete social and economic shutdown may not be easy to estimate, but it is likely to be far more severe
Seasonal Migration as a Livelihood Strategy of Women Agricultural Labourers in Soul Ponamara Mouza of Hirbandh Block, Bankura District, West Bengal
Get PDFSeasonal migration is a common livelihood strategy among marginal and landless people of the western part of West Bengal. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) and Census data have failed to provide information on seasonal migration and livelihoods at the micro-level. The present study focuses on the nature, characteristics and factors of seasonal migration with its importance as a livelihood strategy among women agricultural labourers (WALs) in Soul Ponamara mouza of Hirbandh block at the micro-level. The study is based on primary data collection using a purposive sampling method and a semi-structured questionnaire, personal interview and focus group discussion. This study reveals that seasonal migration from Soul Ponamara to the adjacent agriculturally prosperous districts viz. Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly (4 to 6 times in a year) is a common livelihood strategy among WALs in the study area, and its proportion is almost equal to when compared to male migrants. The small size of agricultural land holding, existing monoculture system, lack of irrigation facilities, a limited job opportunity in the Soul Ponamara mouza and its surrounding area (Amjhuri, Bijardihi, Chaka Doba, Moshiara, Bamni and Rangametia) provoke women labourers to move out in searching of works. In contrast, high wage and massive demand for skilled and semi-skilled agricultural labourers during sowing and harvesting season in the destination area, that is, paddy and potato fields of Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly districts acted as a magnet to absorb these immigrants into the workforce. This study concludes that seasonal migration opted for employment and income generation is the primary livelihood strategy adopted by the rural WALs of this mouza to cope up with the existing poverty and food insecurity
Governance of Cross-Border Migration in Asia
Get PDFAn inter-ethnic migration issue has arisen due to contradictory tendencies. The relevance of the topic lies in the study and analysis of tendencies in terms of the movement of the workforce in Southeast Asia. In several Asian countries where there is a labour surplus, the migration has become one of the largest sources of income. This study examines the basic tendencies of the labour movement in the countries of Southeast Asia. The statistical data as regards the number of labour migrations for 2015–2017 have been analysed; alongside the drivers of labour migration have been identified. The main reasons for the migration are labour productivity, differences in revenues, rapidly growing number of young workers, the ageing population in other countries, reduced transport and communication costs in East and Southeast Asia. All these indicators undoubtedly have made a significant contribution to the development of migration processes. There are signs, which continually demonstrate that dependence on foreign labour has become a specific feature of some of the rich countries in the East and Southeast Asia
Social Preservation of Traditional Administration of Indigenous Peoples — The Ho Tribe in India
Get PDFIndigenous peoples have distinguished cultural traditions and linguistic identity. Across the world, Indigenous peoples have always asked the State to recognise their social structure and opportunities to preserve their traditional lifestyles. The issues at stake are their rights over habitat and natural resources and the need to curtail private and public sector exploitation through alien hands. Due to the need to survive, helplessness and systematically forced assimilation, the traditional fabric of their culture are being distorted and defaced. This study deals with the concerns and issues relating to the protection of identity, tradition and customs of Ho tribe that inhabits the West Singhbhum in the State of Jharkhand in India
The Risk for Boys from Poor Communities to Drop out from School: The Case of Khartoum, Sudan
Get PDFIn the current world, poverty and education are interconnected. Low level of education is the cause of poverty, as extreme forms of poverty do not allow many children to get a good education. This study investigates the risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school in Khartoum, Sudan. To accomplish the research, two factors are selected, namely absenteeism and low performance of pupils from poor, disadvantaged communities. A comprehensive interviewing is used to collect the necessary primary data along with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data. The life of pupils is characterised by multi-dimensional poverty apace with illiteracy, displacement and large family size, parents\u27 engagement in low paid jobs. The pupils presented multiple reasons (related to poverty) for their absenteeism and low performance. The results indicate that pupils are not clear with their future perspectives whether to drop out of the school or to continue their studies. The study concludes that poverty is the main reason for absenteeism and low performance that increases the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school
Using the Biological Feedback Method in Speech Therapy for the Formation of Speech Breathing in Preschool Children with Erased Dysarthria
Get PDFThe article discusses the problem of the formation of speech breathing in preschool children with an erased form of dysarthria using the biological feedback method. In children suffering from speech impairment, the work of the respiratory system is not normal. Disorders of prosody supplement violations of the sound-producing side of speech. As a result, in children, including the ones with dysarthria, speech becomes unclear and slurred. The theoretical part of the study considers the specificity of the prosodic side of speech in children with an erased form of dysarthria from the point of view of various researchers. The problem of dependence between the prosodic side of speech and the severity of a speech defect is considered. The practical part of the study reveals the content of the organisation of the empirical study on the formation of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing using a hardware-diagnostic complex “BF” (Biological Feedback). It has been established that the biological feedback method contributes to the formation of diaphragmatic-relaxation breathing in preschool children with an erased form of dysarthria. In pre-schoolers, suffering from erased dysarthria and having a history of attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, the process of formation of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing becomes more complicated