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Frihetens lågor: Filosofins räddning i en mörk tid 1933-1943 Simone de Beauvoir, Simone Weil, Hannah Arendt, Ayn Rand. Wolfram Eilenberger.
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Melanoma Proteomics Unveiled : Harmonizing Diverse Data Sets for Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Insights via MEL-PLOT
No full textUsing several melanoma proteomics data sets we created a single analysis platform that enables the discovery, knowledge build, and validation of diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers at the protein level. Quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic data was obtained from five independent cohorts, including 489 tissue samples from 394 patients with accompanying clinical metadata. We established an interactive R-based web platform that enables the comparison of protein levels across diverse cohorts, and supports correlation analysis between proteins and clinical metadata including survival outcomes. By comparing differential protein levels between metastatic, primary tumor, and nonmalignant samples in two of the cohorts, we identified 274 proteins showing significant differences among the sample types. Further analysis of these 274 proteins in lymph node metastatic samples from a third cohort revealed that 45 proteins exhibited a significant effect on patient survival. The three most significant proteins were HP (HR = 4.67, p = 2.8e-06), LGALS7 (HR = 3.83, p = 2.9e-05), and UBQLN1 (HR = 3.2, p = 4.8e-05). The user-friendly interactive web platform, accessible at https://www.tnmplot.com/melanoma, provides an interactive interface for the analysis of proteomic and clinical data. The MEL-PLOT platform, through its interactive capabilities, streamlines the creation of a comprehensive knowledge base, empowering hypothesis formulation and diligent monitoring of the most recent advancements in the domains of biomedical research and drug development
The Islamic Republic of Iran’s use of criminal intermediaries for extraterritorial assassinations and covert violence : a gray zone strategy of outsourced repression
No full textThe Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has employed assassinations and proxy violence as tools of statecraft. Dissidents in exile have been killed, targeted, or systematically threatened, while Israeli-linked entities across Europe have faced repeated attacks. In recent years, Tehran has increasingly outsourced these operations to state-linked criminal intermediaries. This paper analyzes Iran’s approach through the lens of Gray Zone Strategy, showing how criminal outsourcing extends Tehran’s reach, preserves deniability, and enables coercion below the threshold of open conflict. These hybrid tactics blur the boundaries between organized crime, terrorism, and state repression–posing urgent challenges for Western legal, intelligence, and security frameworks
Assessing future European lithium supply using a bottom-up approach
No full textEVs increase demand for critical raw materials (CRMs). Many of the CRMs are mined in just a handful of countries, raising security concerns among business and policymakers. Lithium is particularly precarious due to its high geographic supply concentration, high demand growth rate and few near term substitutes. This study conducts a bottom-up assessment of European lithium extraction projects. The study identifies 18 projects within Europe that could commence mining before 2030. If all of these would start as envisioned by the mining companies, the European lithium supply would amount to 346kt lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE). Many of the projects are costlier than international peers, making their financial viability sensitive to international prices. Also, some of the projects will likely be delayed or cancelled due to lack of permits, capital, new extraction technologies and social acceptance. Policymakers need to assess and prioritize the value of self-sufficiency compared to other societal goa
Elk antler mattock-heads from southern and northern Sweden, and the importance of elk in social contexts
No full textThe ecological conditions show synchronous differences between southern and northern Sweden, due to the delayed immigration of flora and fauna in such a long, narrow country. One of the first forest animals to immigrate was the elk. It was also among the first to disappear from southern Sweden. Mattock-heads made from elk antlers have been found in both southern and northern Sweden. In the south, they date to Preboreal times. In Jämtland, in the interior of Norrland, where the character of the bedrock has resulted in low pH values in the surface sediments, four elk antler tools have been found, three of which are mattock-heads. These turn out to span the period from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic, as with the mattock-heads found in Norway. The difference in age between the finds from the south and the north is conspicuous, as is the age variation among those found in Jämtland. The article considers the importance of the elk as a ritual creature and the role of the mattock-heads, which served not only as functional tools but also as actors in people’s imagination
Low peak oxygen uptake in relation to total heart volume as an early marker of subclinical diastolic dysfunction.
No full textAimPeak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is closely related to total heart volume (THV) in healthy individuals. This study aimed to investigate 1) the association between VO2peak and THV in subjects with subclinical diastolic dysfunction, athletes, healthy controls, and patients with established heart failure with and without preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, HFrEF), and 2) whether VO2peak/THV-index can distinguish between subjects with subclinical diastolic dysfunction, HFpEF, HFrEF, and healthy controls.MethodsSeventy participants were included: 15 with subclinical diastolic dysfunction (defined as showing only 1-2 echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction, not meeting clinical diagnostic criteria), 10 athletes, 15 healthy controls and 30 heart failure patients (15 HFpEF, 15 HFrEF). VO2peak was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing and THV by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsIn subclinical diastolic dysfunction, THV was a weak determinant of VO2peak (R2=0.41, p=0.01), and even weaker in heart failure (R2=0.16, p=0.03). However, THV strongly predicted VO2peak in athletes and controls combined (R2=0.87, p<0.0001). VO2peak/THV did not distinguish healthy controls from subclinical diastolic dysfunction but could reliably discriminate between healthy controls and patients with heart failure.ConclusionSubjects with subclinical diastolic dysfunction may have an altered relationship between VO2peak and total heart volume, approaching that of patients with established heart failure. Thus, this proof-of-concept study indicates that subclinical diastolic dysfunction constitutes a group of patients that may be of interest to follow over time to prevent continued deterioration of cardiac function. Furthermore, the VO2peak/THV ratio can be used to distinguish between healthy controls and overt heart failure
Fine-Needle Aspiration of Parotid Gland Sialoblastoma. Two New Cases and Literature Review
No full textSialoblastoma is an exceedingly rare, low-grade malignancy, most frequently arising in the parotid gland. Only four case reports detailing the cytomorphology of this neoplasm exist in the English literature. Here, we describe the cytological features, histopathology, and clinical data of sialoblastomas presented at birth in two additional patients. Both neoplasms were initially examined by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) followed by surgical excision of the tumors. Smears showed hypercellularity and basaloid round to oval cells isolated or arranged in three-dimensional clusters. Papillary and acinar configurations, metachromatic pink stromal fragments, and hyaline globules were also present. One case was diagnosed as a neoplasm of unclear malignant potential and the second as malignant
The healthcare system in Sweden
No full textThe Swedish population is characterized by high life expectancy and low avoidable mortality rates. This review outlines the Swedish healthcare system, which offers universal access to all residents and has a long tradition of reforms for social equity. Responsibility for healthcare is shared between the state, the regions, and the municipalities. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs provides the overall healthcare framework; additionally, several governmental agencies are directly involved in healthcare and public health initiatives. The 21 regions organize, finance, and provide most primary, secondary, and tertiary care, as well as health information channels. Resources for primary care are less plentiful than in many other countries. The 290 municipalities deliver care to elderly people and those with functional impairment. The Swedish healthcare system is primarily tax-funded, with 86% of total healthcare expenditures from public expenses and < 1% from voluntary health insurance. The gross domestic product (GDP) share of healthcare expenditures, 10.5% in 2022, is above the EU average. The level of unmet needs in the population is low, due to universal coverage and caps on user charges except for dental care. Sweden’s healthcare system performs well on care quality and patient satisfaction, but suffers from workforce shortage and care fragmentation. Limitations in care coordination can be attributed to a siloed digital infrastructure and care governance, a low number of hospital beds per capita, and a compensation system that often does not incentivize coordination. Despite these challenges, life expectancy is high and avoidable mortality rates are low in Sweden
Border carbon adjustments in agri-food markets : Not as effective as one might think
No full textUsing the EU as case study, we simulate the impact of border carbon adjustments on agri-food markets. While border carbon adjustments alleviate adverse carbon price impacts on EU agricultural competitiveness and emission leakage, our simulation results also reveal that (i) border carbon adjustments may diminish domestic mitigation efforts, thereby partly offsetting benefits from reduced emission leakage, and (ii) trade diversion further undermines global emission reduction. The results indicate that border carbon adjustments on agri-food products in major exporting countries with emission-efficient production systems may not reduce global emissions as effectively as commonly assumed, highlighting the importance of emission efficiency improvements especially in developing and emerging countries