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The Nutmeg Lung Pattern in a Fetus with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Turner Syndrome
No full textThe “nutmeg lung pattern” on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates pulmonary lymphangiectasia. This is associated with adverse outcomes, particularly in fetuses with congenital heart defects and impaired pulmonary venous return. Whereas lymphedema is common in fetuses with Turner syndrome, pulmonary lymphangiectasia is not. A 26-year-old woman presented with a fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) without restrictive atrial septum (RAS). The family declined amniocentesis, yet non-invasive prenatal testing showed an increased risk for Turner syndrome. The patient underwent a fetal MRI as part of a blinded research protocol. Postnatal echocardiogram confirmed the fetal echocardiographic findings without evidence of RAS. Norwood stage I palliation was performed at two days of age. Significant neonatal respiratory morbidity including pneumonia, diaphragmatic and vocal cord pareses and chylothorax occurred. Subsequent review of fetal MRI revealed a prominent thoracic duct and mild pulmonary lymphangiectasia. Turner syndrome was confirmed by genetic testing. After one month, the patient was discharged to her home hospital with respiratory support, which was discontinued a few weeks later. Respiratory problems continued, but the vocal cord paresis resolved over time. This is a unique case of a fetus with HLHS/non-RAS with mild fetal pulmonary lymphangiectasia, and significant neonatal respiratory morbidity, probably in part due to Turner syndrome. The infant survived the neonatal period and underwent uneventful Glenn surgery. The patient’s tolerance to the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) procedure is yet to be seen. An MRI lymphography should precede it to assess residual lymphatic abnormalities and serve as baseline for post-TCPC changes
Military Cultural Competency in Canadian Sexual Assault Support Centers : “Not Here for Lessons”
No full textMilitary cultural competency involves understanding the unique needs of military and veteran (MV) populations. Research shows that culturally competent care improves health outcomes, yet little is known about civilian sexual assault centers (SACs) supporting MV clients. Many MV clients affected by military sexual trauma (MST) seek community services due to mistrust of the military system. This study examined the military cultural competency of Canadian SACs to improve support for MV clients. Virtual qualitative interviews were conducted with SAC staff across Canada who support MV clients affected by MST. Data were analyzed using Framework Analysis, guided by the Military and Veteran Family Cultural Competency Framework and related literature. Inductive interpretive phenomenological analysis was also applied. Five interviews with SAC staff revealed varying levels of military cultural competency, especially in cultural knowledge and skills. Participants expressed strong interest in adopting promising practices to enhance care. The study identifies strengths and gaps in SACs’ support for MST survivors, offering recommendations for resource development, staff training, and competency frameworks. Further research and policy review are needed to address these gaps and enhance culturally competent care
Synchrotron X-ray study of vacuum brazed 316L stainless steel joints
No full textNickel phosphide is a valuable material in high-temperature brazing and joining applications, offering excellent thermal stability for temperatures up to 400°C. Nickel phosphide is used as powder form for joining applications and therefore it is imperative to study the formation as well as interaction of Ni2P particles with Brazing with nickel-chromium-based fillers is widely used to join stainless steel components in applications such as heat exchangers, where strong, corrosion-resistant joints are essential. Silicon and boron additives lower the filler melting temperature but can promote the formation of chromium-rich precipitates near the joint. This study characterizes such precipitates in AISI 316 stainless steel brazed with a Ni-Cr-Si-B filler using high resolution synchrotron hard X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction (XRD). XRF identified Cr-rich precipitates, while XRD revealed diffraction patterns consistent with space group number 70, with lattice parameters a = 4.26 Å, b = 7.38 Å, and c = 14.70 Å. Combined with SEM XEDS analysis, the results suggest the precipitates are Cr₂B or (Cr,Fe)₂B
The EAT-Lancet diet in relation nutrient intake among older adults : insights from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study
No full textBackground: The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a global reference diet aimed at promoting both human health and environmental sustainability. While adherence to this dietary pattern has been associated with reduced risks of chronic disease and lower environmental impact, concerns remain about its ability to meet nutritional requirements - particularly among older adults. The aim was to explore the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and nutrient intake and adequacy among 70-year-old adults in Gothenburg, Sweden. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 861 participants from the Swedish population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (mean age 70.5 years, 55% women). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated diet history interview, and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was scored based on 14 food components. Nutrient intake was evaluated against age- and sex-specific recommended intake (RI) levels. Cardiometabolic risk markers and biomarkers of nutritional status, including homocysteine and haemoglobin, were measured. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine trends across sex-specific tertiles of diet adherence, with sensitivity analyses adjusting for energy intake and comparing adequacy based on average requirement (AR) thresholds. Results: Higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was linked to higher intake of fibre and polyunsaturated fats, and lower intake of saturated fat and alcohol. Mean protein intake per kilogram body weight/day was similar across adherence tertiles. Intake of beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and iron was higher with greater adherence, while retinol equivalents, vitamin B12, niacin equivalents was lower– patterns that remained consistent after energy adjustment. Despite lower B12 intake, homocysteine levels were lowest in the group with highest adherence, and anaemia prevalence did not differ. Micronutrient adequacy improved with higher adherence for vitamin E, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and iron. Similar results were observed using average requirement (AR) thresholds in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a more favourable nutrient profile in this cohort of older adults, without evidence of widespread micronutrient inadequacy. These findings suggest that environmentally sustainable diets can support adequate nutrition when well-balanced, even in nutritionally vulnerable populations such as older adults
White Matter Pathology and Oligodendroglial Responses in Experimental and Human Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textValidity and reliability of the Japanese version of the occupational balance questionnaire
No full textIntroduction: Occupational balance, a foundational concept in occupational therapy and science, plays a critical role in enhancing health and well-being. Recent studies have revealed its association with epidemiological factors. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11 (OBQ11-J). Methods: Adhering to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments and Rasch Reporting Guidelines for Rehabilitation Research, analyses were conducted on the OBQ11-J using a cohort of 462 generally healthy individuals. Results: The mean OBQ11-J score was 17.7 ± 5.1, ranging from 2 to 33. Two items (Items 1 and 9) exhibited ceiling effects. The 4-point rating scale was validated. Although two items (Items 1 and 10) did not strictly conform to the Rasch model, the overall one-dimensionality and single-factor structures were supported. This confirms the structural validity of the OBQ11-J with its 11 items and 4 rating stages. Reliability, assessed through internal consistency, person separation reliability and test–retest reliability, further affirmed the instrument’s robustness. Conclusion: The OBQ11-J demonstrated validity and reliability in a sample of healthy Japanese individuals. Future investigations should establish normative values for the Japanese population and examine criterion-related validity, responsiveness and interpretability
Bridge collapses in Italy across the 21st century : survey and statistical analysis
No full textBridges serve as vital links within transportation networks, fostering societal connectivity and economic growth. Italy’s diverse terrain, encompassing mountains, hillsides, and coastal regions, underscores the importance of bridge infrastructure. Following notable bridge collapses in recent years, understanding their causes and enhancing safety measures has become paramount. This study presents a comprehensive dataset spanning 2000 to 2023, cataloguing bridge collapses in Italy and analyzing their characteristics, causes, and consequences. Also, it investigates six notable case studies. In total, 246 collapses were documented, with hydraulic issues identified as the predominant cause (80.5%). Collapses primarily affect road bridges (86.2%), especially at provincial and municipal levels. Notably, the study details the human toll of collapses, reporting 70 fatalities and 51 injuries. The distinction between natural (83.7%) and human (16.3%) caused collapses highlights the need for improved approaches to bridge management and risk mitigation strategies. The evaluation of the failure rates is hampered by the current incompleteness of nationwide infrastructure registries. By examining case studies and statistical trends, this research provides valuable insights for enhancing bridge resilience and informing future infrastructure policies and practices
Transphobia : A ”New Antisemitism”
No full textIn this paper, I explore similarities and differences between contemporary transphobic and anti-Jewish discourses. While scholars have shown entanglements between homophobic and antisemitic discourses in the European 19th century, as well as similarities between contemporary homonationalist and Western philosemitic discourses, less attention has been paid to how anti-trans and anti-Jewish discourses are intertwined. Playing with the notion of “new antisemitism”, which emphasizes the centrality of myths of Jewish wealth and power to discredit solidarity with the Palestinian cause—I show that similar notions of “strength” are surprisingly present in contemporary debates on trans rights, visible in tropes such as “they are everywhere”, “they are grooming our children”, and “they are a powerful lobby”. Inspired by Stuart Hall’s analysis of representations of the racial “Other” building on phantasies of both strength and weakness—mirroring the white Self’s desire and fear—I show that notions of trans people as both sick and powerful are in fact inseparable from one another, which is reminiscent of antisemitic discourses of Jews as simultaneously both “inferior” and powerful”. Finally, I analyze how “care” in contradictory ways is present in both transphobic (“caring for the children”) and philosemitic (“protecting Jews from Muslims”) discourses. The paper contributes to research in various ways: it shows the entanglements between racist and anti-trans discourses in a novel way; it shows that notions of “strength” of the “Other” are not exclusive to antisemitic discourses and thus dismantles the anti-Palestinian features of the paradigm of “new antisemitism”; and it gives new insights to the analysis of contemporary transphobia
Well prepared yet uncertain : Experiences of the early career transition after affiliation with an interdisciplinary graduate school
No full textTo contribute to the development of effective support for early career researchers during and after doctoral education, the aim of this study was to examine the experiences of the early career transition after affiliation with an interdisciplinary graduate school, using the Swedish National Graduate School on Ageing and Health (SWEAH) as an example. Through qualitative interviews with 18 alumni, the findings reveal that the graduate school had fostered interdisciplinary research skills among early career researchers, and they felt well-prepared for the next career stage. However, they expressed a need for continuous career support and personal guidance while still feeling confident and open-minded. Interdisciplinary graduate schools can play a crucial role in nurturing the next generation of early career researchers, providing them with the skills and identities needed for impactful research and collaboration in a complex, interconnected world. We suggest that academic careers should be understood in an entangled or interlinked way from the very beginning of the academic journey, and introduce a new conceptual coinage of “career ecologies”. This implies that doctoral students and early career researchers should be encouraged, empowered, energized, and invited to activate and make use of their societal voice, influence, and value, right from the early formative doctoral years. Moreover, strategic support is vital to maintain an interdisciplinary spirit and facilitate informed career choices