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Comment on “Intrinsic Formamidinium Tin Iodide Nanocrystals by Suppressing the Sn(IV) Impurities”
No full textA fundamentally crucial suggestion to rectify the fits to the high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) raw data for the S 2p core level published by Dirin et al. (Nano Lett. 2023, 23 (5), 1914–1923) is presented herein
Cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy living in Sweden
No full textCognition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is often affected. How cognition differs by functional level and subtype is not clear, and the effects of adapted response modes need investigation. In this study, the aims were to investigate how many psychologists reported that interpreters and/or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) were used, how many assessments were adapted, if there were clinical characteristics associated with whom had been assessed, and to delineate scores from the Wechsler scales with CP by sex, subtype, gross motor function (GMFCS), manual abilities (MACS), and communication level (CFCS). This was a Swedish register study that included two cohorts of children with CP. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III/IV) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV/V) served as dependent variables. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and multiple regressions were performed. Interpreters and AAC were used in 5% and 13% of the assessments, respectively. Adapted assessments were associated with lower verbal intelligence (VIQ), performance intelligence (PIQ), and full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) mean scores. Assessment practices were associated with GMFCS, MACS, and subtype. Age was negatively associated with PIQ and FSIQ. Children with spastic unilateral CP scored higher than children with ataxic CP on VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ. Mean scores were significantly different across MACS levels. Children with less affected gross motor, manual, and communication functioning and those with spastic CP were more likely to be assessed. Irrespective of subtype, GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS levels, the ranges of scores were wide, highlighting the great heterogeneity of cognition in this population
The energy performance gap – a Swedish perspective
No full textLiterature reviewsfrom various countries indicate a difference between calculated and measuredbuilding energy use, often known as the ‘energy performance gap’. This articleexplores the existence and magnitude of the energy performance gap in Swedenand identifies possible reasons behind it. A general evaluation of Swedishbuildings showed a median discrepancy between 10–20%. To explore causes,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 building energy experts, whoconfirmed the presence of the EPG and identified contributing factors. Theseinclude: (i) insufficient system optimization post-occupancy, (ii) inaccuraciesin input data, particularly hot water circulation losses, (iii) unexpectedoccupant behaviour, (iv) inconsistent energy metering (v) poor communication.Energy simulation was conducted on a case-study to analyze the differentfactors’ impact. The paper highlights potential strategies to mitigate the EPG,including improved commissioning and enhanced feedback during project deliveryand operation. A holistic approach with effective communication is necessaryfor better building performance
Membrane Technology for Water Purification
No full textMembrane Technology for Water Purification is a comprehensive guide arranged in three parts to enable the student and researcher learn about membrane technology and the most recent updates of material science to clean water of its pollutants. Membrane systems are finding increasing application worldwide in purification and the editors re lead experts in the field. The book contains real-life applications and methods to facilitate a deep understanding of the subject matter
Multiple Stressors From Climate Warming, Neonicotinoid Pesticide, and Nutrient Loading Alter Zooplankton Predator–Prey Dynamics in Freshwaters
No full textClimate warming, nutrient loading, and pesticide pollution are major anthropogenic stressors affecting community dynamics and trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. However, the complex interplay among these stressors remains poorly understood as most studies focus on a single stressor and overlook the effects of temporal variations. To address this knowledge gap, we first conducted a long-term outdoor experiment to examine the effects of climate warming, nutrient loading, and a neonicotinoid pesticide (imidacloprid) on the responses of the common predator–prey pair cyclopoid copepods and rotifers. Additionally, a follow-up laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the dose-dependent impact of imidacloprid on the predation rate of cyclopoid copepods on rotifers, and to explore mechanistic alterations in biotic interactions resulting from predator responses to varying neonicotinoid concentrations. The neonicotinoid pesticide was the most influential stressor, significantly reducing cyclopoid copepod populations thereby positively affecting rotifer abundances due to a release from predation. Nutrient loading boosted copepod abundances but weakened their top-down control on rotifer prey, disrupting predator–prey dynamics. Warming had negligible effects on copepod abundances, but ultimately increased rotifer abundances. Warming predominantly influenced rotifer abundances during the establishment phase, whereas the effects of the pesticide became more pronounced during subsequent growth and reproduction phases. Conversely, the neonicotinoid pesticide consistently emerged as the primary stressor impacting cyclopoid copepods throughout the experiment. Our study underscores the importance of considering temporal dynamics when assessing the combined effects of multiple stressors for understanding responses among interacting organisms and highlights the significance of organism life history stages in their distinct reactions to specific compounded threats over time
Sustainable mobility policy on a rural-urban spectrum : exploring spatial differentiation within the Swedish context
No full textThe continued reliance on cars presents a challenge for sustainable mobility policy. A wide range of approaches exists to address this issue, from promoting more sustainable vehicle options to replacing cars altogether. However, national sustainable mobility policies related to car use often suffer from spatial blindness–which implies a limited contextual differentiation based on the specific characteristics of the area in which they are implemented. Enhancing policy differentiation may improve policy effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature on sustainable mobility policies and explore practical approaches to achieving greater policy differentiation, using Sweden as a pilot case. Our findings suggest that existing sustainable mobility policies, typically based on a common urban-rural distinction, can be adapted to a spatially differentiated spectrum that considers variations in population density. This study contributes a practice-oriented perspective to the discussion on policy differentiation, articulated through a policy model that integrates quantitative analysis and a literature review. Additionally, it provides a review of potential sustainable mobility policy measures and examines their applicability across different spatial contexts
Dissemination and implementation of injury prevention interventions : a scoping review for the Female, woman and girl Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus
No full textOBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence related to the dissemination and implementation (D&I) of injury prevention interventions for female, woman and/or girl (female/woman/girl) athletes.DESIGN: Scoping review.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Databases for Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials Registry, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global.ELIGIBILITY: Primary research including ≥25% female/woman/girl athletes of any age or people working with them (eg, coaches), participating in sports competition and/or performance, were eligible. Papers reporting D&I outcomes (eg, coach knowledge, adoption and maintenance) related to an injury prevention intervention and/or a factor (eg, coach beliefs) associated with D&I outcomes were included.RESULTS: 220 papers with 419 494 participants (96 790 athletes (49% female/woman/girl), 277 923 coaches (59% working with females/women/girls) and 44 781 others) across 81 sports were included. 89% of the papers were from Europe, Oceania and North America. Papers included amateur (n=175), sub-elite (n=10), elite (n=63) and Para sport (n=2) athletes. Interventions were training strategies (n=113), personal protective equipment (PPE, n=41), policy/rules/laws (n=5) or other (n=61, eg, multimodal). There were >650 D&I outcomes; adoption was the most common, followed by athlete and coach perceptions and attitudes about injury prevention. Key facilitators of D&I were previous injury experience, higher competition levels and positive perceptions and attitudes.CONCLUSION: Most studies on D&I of injury prevention interventions for female/woman/girl athletes were descriptive and related to athletes and coaches. Engaging people across the socio-ecological system (eg, parents, health professionals and administrators) and prioritising under-represented regions, populations and D&I-focused trials may enhance D&I outcomes and ultimately reduce injury risk in female/woman/girl athletes
Wound dehiscence rates decreased in reconstructive surgery of anorectal malformations after introduction of a standardized postoperative treatment program
No full textBackground Wound dehiscence is a known complication after anorectal malformations (ARMs) surgery. The aim was to evaluate if a standardized post-posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) treatment program decreased wound dehiscence rates. Methods Wound dehiscence rates within 30 days post-PSARP were compared in a case-control single-center study between patients with a standardized post-PSARP treatment 2017-2023, and a cohort with a non-standardized management 2001-2016. The standardized post-PSARP program comprised a minimum of 3 days of: intravenous antibiotics imipenem+cilastatin (with optional subsequent oral amoxicillin+clavulanic acid+metronidazole), fasting after primary PSARP (no stoma), urinary catheter and regular wound cleansing. Results A total of 149 patients (61% males) with various ARM subtypes were included of which 51% were reconstructed with stomas. Overall, wound dehiscence developed in 8 of 59 patients (14%) in the standardized post-PSARP program group versus 28 of 90 patients (31%) in the control group (p=0.014). In primary PSARPs (no stoma, 59% males), wound dehiscence developed in 6 of 33 patients (18%) in the standardized post-PSARP program group versus 17 of 40 patients (43%) in the control group (p=0.026). Conclusion Wound dehiscence rates may be reduced using a standardized post-PSARP treatment program
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome : A Comprehensive Review and a Nordic Perspective
No full textAcquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare condition characterized by an acquired functional and/or absolute deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein. The absence of widely accepted diagnostic criteria has hampered accurate estimates of incidence and prevalence, which are largely currently unknown. As bleeding symptoms are not included in the most widely used definitions, AVWS should be managed as a risk factor for bleeding, rather than a specific disease entity. The diagnostic workup is cumbersome, involving measurement of both VWF antigen, VWF glycoprotein Ib binding activity, VWF collagen binding activity, and, preferentially, also VWF multimer analyses. Moreover, since the presence of bleeding symptoms is not required for diagnosis, the condition is probably underdiagnosed. In contrast to acquired hemophilia, AVWS is seldom caused by the presence of specific antibodies, but rather secondary to another disorder, most commonly lymphoproliferative, myeloproliferative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. Pathogenesis of AVWS varies according to the underlying disorder and includes nonspecific adsorption of VWF to antibodies, adsorption onto surfaces of neoplastic cells, mechanical injury, or VWF proteolysis. Treatment includes treating the underlying cause as well as stopping acute bleeds. Here, we present a comprehensive review of what is currently known regarding demographics, diagnostics, and clinical presentation of the syndrome. Since no prospective treatment studies have been performed, treatment choices must be based on data from registries and case reports that are also summarized. Moreover, we present treatment experiences of previously unpublished Nordic cases
Spectral phase control for optimized ionization injection in laser wakefield acceleration
No full textGenerating narrow energy spread beams from laser wakefield accelerators with minimal dark current is important for many applications. We present an automated experiment using Bayesian optimization to control the laser spectral phase and focal position, achieving significant enhancement of the beam quality. Starting from a broadband spectrum, the optimized configuration achieved low-energy spread with negligible dark current above 20 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that fine control over the laser spectral phase, particularly third-order dispersion, directly impacts the timing and localization of ionization injection due to its effect on the initial laser intensity envelope and its subsequent evolution. A positively skewed temporal profile enhances the plasma potential depth at the right location, enabling localized injection and reducing the energy spread and dark current. These findings highlight the impact of algorithmic optimization and the powerful, underutilized role of temporal shaping in beam quality control