Aceh International Journal of Social Science
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RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF SELECTED ISLAMIC BANKS IN MALAYSIA
Get PDFAbstract: This study explores the risk management practices of major Islamic banks in Malaysia with the objective of having deeper understanding of the practices and identifying ways for further improvements. Various aspects of risk management practices are assessed through survey questionnaires, particularly those relevant and specific to the case of the Islamic banks. The study finds that the Islamic banks adopt good risk management practices with few areas of improvements include the use of computerised support systems and more sophisticated approaches to measure risks and the use of Shariah compliance techniques to mitigate risks. By assessing their current risk management practices, the study hopes to contribute in terms of recommending strategies to strengthen the risk management practices of the Islamic banks so as to increase the overall competitiveness in the Islamic banking industry.Keywords: risk management; Islamic banks; competitivenes
Alleviating Poverty through the Use of Entrepreneurship Skill Acquisition in Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textAbstract - This study assessed the impact of entrepreneurship skill acquisition on poverty in Kogi State of Nigeria. The study made use of primary data collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, which were administered by well-trained enumerator to beneficiaries of entrepreneurship acquisition skills randomly sampled from six Local Government Area of the state. The data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. The result shows that 65% of the respondents accepted that lack of entrepreneurship skills among youth is responsible for the high rate of poverty in Nigeria. The result also revealed that at least 60% of the people that benefitted from the skill acquisition programme can now afford the basic necessity of life. The study therefore recommended that since most of the people that benefited from the programme could afford the basic necessity of life, the government should begin to think of the way of developing the programme to the status of poverty eradication programme.Keywords : Entrepreneur; Vocation; Skill acquisition; Poverty; Alleviation; OptimumPaper Type : Research Pape
Improving Competitive Advantage and Business Performance through the Development of Business Network, Adaptability of Business Environment and Innovation Creativity: An Empirical Study of Batik Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Pekalongan, Central Ja
Get PDFAbstract - The purpose of this study is to observe how the business network, adaptability on business environment, and innovation creativity simply affect the competitive advantage and business performance of Batik SME in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. This study uses Structural Equation Modelling as multivariate analyses tool. AMOS software 16 was used as the aid tool to solve the problem in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) application. Respondents in this study were the owner and manager of Small to Medium Sized Enterprises of batik industry in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. The testing result showed that innovation creativity has insignificant influence on competitive advantage; the adaptability of business environment has insignificant influence on competitive advantage; business network significantly affected competitive advantage; competitive advantage significantly influenced the SME business performance. The ability of entrepreneurs to build business network has eased an information exchange and also to make a social relatedness in order to improve the competitive advantage. The result of the study provides contribution to Resources-Based View (RBV) theory, where the companies were able to improve all their capabilities in enhancing the competitive advantage and SMEs performance. Keywords : Business network; Adaptability on business environment; Innovation creativity; Competitive Advantage; Business Performance; SMEPaper Type : Research Pape
OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND CYCLE OF POVERTY IN URBAN POOR SOCIETY
Get PDFAbstract: This paper is about to prove that hypertension has been becoming as a major health problem among the working-aged population in Acehs urban area, defined as those 18-64 years old. The employed procedures are pursuant to ethical standards of National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesia Ministry of Health. This research is conducted from April 2012 to November 2012 as a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling scheme in urban areas of Gampong Ceurih, Ulee Kareeng sub-district of Banda Aceh, Indonesians province of Aceh. The inclusion criterions for the participants in this study are: 1) Married 2) categorized as poor people based on standard of Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS). Logistic regression with bivariate and multivariate analysis is employed to scrutinize linkage between several individual characteristics and hypertension. Bi-variate logistic regression confirms that age group, educational backgrounds, employment and housing status as well as obesity are statistically significant to hypertension stage-1; moreover, the probability of hypertension stage-1 increases progressively with increasing age and BMI. Multivariate logistic regression confirms that the individual characteristics of the poor those are significantly determining hypertension only age group and BMI class. For normal weight (BMI 25), the probability to get hypertension stage-1 at aged 18-30, 31-42, and 43-54 years are 7.05%, 25.36%, and 70.53%, respectively. For the obese (BMI 30), the probability to get hypertension stage-1 at aged 18-30, 31-42, and 43-54 years are respectively 36.18%, 71.76%, and 94.71%. This evidence implies that hypertension is a common health problem of the poor at elderly population. In short, government intervention should not only deal with curative aspect such as enforcing universal health coverage program to entire population in Aceh because this program may be ineffective to maintain health of the poor if the healthy foods are still hard to be obtained by poor families.Key Words: Health Problem, Aceh, Poverty Issue
THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN TUNA EXPORT FACING THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
Get PDFAbstract: This study tried to estimate the competitiveness of Indonesian tuna exports in the ASEAN market during the period 2005-2010 and analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of exports of tuna. Several data analysis methods were used to measure the commodity of Indonesian tuna with competitiveness to the ASEAN market are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA); while the panel data regression is used to examine the factors that affect the export competitiveness of Indonesian tuna to the ASEAN countries. This is indicated by the value of RCA obtained less than 1. This also shows that the competitiveness of Indonesian tuna is still relatively high (strong); while the value of CMSA is positive, it indicates that Indonesia is still be able to maintain the competitiveness of tuna fish in the ASEAN market. RCA and CMSA size is then used as the dependent variable in the regression analysis panel. The results of the panel regression estimated using a random effects indicate that GDPi negative and significant, while GDPj, POPj, Distance and exports have a positive and significant effect on RCA. The result of the pooled least square estimation indicates that GDPi and POPi are negative and significant, while the POPj gives a positive and significant influence toward CMSA decreased. Keywords: Competitiveness Revealed Comparative Advantage, Constant Market Share Analysis, Panel Data Regressio
Role of Participation and Awareness to Cooperative in Common Property Institution Management: A Case Study of Forest in Aceh, Indonesia
Get PDFAbstract - This paper reviews some of the central concerns and findings of writings on forests as they related to the theoretical ambitions of commons scholars, and to efforts to govern forests more sustainably and equitably in Aceh. The review is especially important in the context of unfolding efforts to govern forests in new ways over the past three decades cause conflict between Government Republic of Indonesia and Free of Aceh Movement. However, as important as the review is an assessment of the achievements of this literature, existing blind spots, and potential new areas of exciting research and investigation. The review suggests specific areas in relation to methods, data, and theories of common property that will advance the field further. It would be no exaggeration to say that the study of forests as commons has been central to the development of scholarship on common property. Equally certainly, the interest in forests has generated a vast corpus of research outside the field of common property. The magnitude, variety, and depth of this body of research is an accurate reflection of the many different ways in which forests have been and continue to be central to human survival, livelihoods, and prosperity.Keyword : Free of Aceh Movement, Government Republic of Indonesia, common property, conflictPaper Type : Research Pape
Economic Growth Disparity among the Regions in Aceh, Indonesia
No full textAbstract - This study aims at investigating the extent of cumulative causation effect on economic growth disparity across the regions: Basajan-Pijay, Northeast, South-West, and Central-Inland in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. It also includes some others factors in determining economic growth disparity such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, the concentration of economic activity areas, Human Development Index (HDI), the labour productivity of the region, the allocation of public investment as well as the accessibility among regions in the Aceh Province. To capture the goals of this study, it uses panel data during the period 2000 to 2010 consisting of 23 districts/cities of Aceh Province. The results show that the potential conditions for convergence because the dominant factor affecting the disparity without entering variable cumulative effect, the concentration of economic activity among regions have positive and negatively affected HDI. By entering variable cumulative effects, it turns HDI to have a negative effect, while the cumulative effect of the growth of inter-regional and the GDP per capita were positive. Thus, it can be said that the economic disparity among regions has the potential for convergence if and only if there is a policy intervention by the government in improving the quality of education, health, and consumer purchasing power to reduce the disparity. It is recommended that the Government of Aceh and District/City Government should encourage the growth of GDP per year, equal to or above the average growth of the national economy in order to increase labour productivity so that economic prosperity has also increased (spread effect is greater than backwash effect) because workings of the cumulative effect of growth within the region and among regions.Keywords : Disparity, Backwash effect, Spread Effect, Economic Growth, AcehPaper Type : Research Pape
Finance And Other Services Sectors In Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak : Testing for Stochastic Convergence
Get PDFAbstract - In the last four decades, the financial services sector has becoming more important for the Malaysian economy. Despite gaining importance for enhancing economic growth, the contribution of the finance sector to the total services real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been ranked second in Peninsular Malaysia, third in Sabah and fourth in Sarawak. The purpose of the present paper is to determine whether the contribution of the financial services sector in the three regions in Malaysia, namely Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak show any distinct pattern. In the jargon of economic development literature, we seek to determine whether there is convergence or similarity in the patterns of the performance of the financial services sector among the three regions. Generally, our results suggest divergence of the finance sector and other sub-sector of the services among the three regions
Liquidity Risk Management And Financial Performance In Malaysia: Empirical Evidence From Islamic Banks
Get PDFAbstract - Liquidity risk arises from maturity mismatches where liabilities have a shorter tenor than assets. A sudden rise in the borrowers demands above the expected level can lead to shortages of cash or liquid marketable assets (Oldfield and Santamero, 1997). This paper aims to analyse the liquidity risks and disclosure as well as to draw the relationship between liquidity risks and financial performance measures using return on assets (ROA) and return of equity (ROE) of the Islamic banks. Based on selected Islamic banks in Malaysia over the period from 2006 to 2008, the study also attempts to determine the impact of the global financial crisis on the Islamic banks liquidity risks and financial performance. Findings of the study contribute towards enriching the literature on the risk management of the Islamic banks by providing deeper understanding on issues relating to liquidity risk management by the Islamic banks
Bank Loans and Stock Prices: An Empirical Evidence
Get PDFAbstract - This study re-examines the interaction between bank loans and stock prices in Malaysia. We use Granger non-causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) in both bivariate and multivariate frameworks and both monthly and quarterly data in examining the relationship between the two variables. Unlike previous studies, we find that there is strong evidence of no causality running between stock prices and bank loans in all models and samples. This finding revealed that stock prices and bank loans are independent. The predictability of stock prices cannot be enhanced considerably through utilizing information on the bank loans