Aceh International Journal of Social Science
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The Substitution Dilemma In Islamic Finance: Contemporary Muslim Legal Thought on the use of Paper Money
Get PDFAbstract - Gold and silver became the most widely accepted and circulated form of money in the medieval world. Even though paper money was introduced, state banks continued to store their equivalent in gold. In 1971 the US government abolished the Bretton Woods system and exchanged with the floating or fiat economy system which soon became the standard currency system worldwide. Many economies felt compelled to adopt the new US currency system because of the strength of the all-dominating American dollar and criticism was sparse. Disappointingly, no Muslim government produced legal rulings (fatwas) which rejected the legality of the fiat system and demanded the return to gold and silver backed currency. The single fatwa issued in Saudi Arabia in 1985 concluded that paper currency had completely replaced gold and silver and that all previous Islamic legal rulings issued on gold and silver were now applicable to paper currency. This paper study critically and evaluates the consequences of the Muslim intellectuals and Fiqh Academies approval of substitution of gold and silver by banknotes on the Muslims and their nations
Time-Varying Integration Among Asean-5 Economies
Get PDFAbstract - This study explores the economic integration among the ASEAN-5 economies over two sample periods; the pre-crisis period (1990 to 1996) and post-crisis period (2000 to 2006). Using the output-price approach, it attempts to determine if the nature of integration among these economies has changed due to the Asian financial crisis in 1997. In methodology, the study adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results show that the crisis has a deep imprint on the degree of economic integration among these countries. The results provide important inputs for macroeconomic policy formulation at the regional level
LINGUISTIC IMPOLITENESS: A Small Corpus Analysis on the Use of Impolite Languange by Children
Get PDFAbstract - Speaking politely is one of the pragmatic competencies of language users. The fact shows that Indonesian children Muslim writers produce impolite utterances through the characters and conflicts they create in the story books published by the Islamic publishers. The impolite utterances are interpreted as violating the principles of speaking politely as suggested by the Holy Quran. A small corpus analysis used in this study is aimed at finding preliminary data on the impolite language used by children for further research, while at the same time showing how the data present children pragmatic incompetence and violation of the Quranic principles of being polite. The findings show that affective and coercive impoliteness are presented in the stories. In addition, the study finds the following: a) the issues which drive impolite utterances are competition between siblings, schoolmates, and bad teacher-student relationship; b) the lexicon used include animals, physical appearance, and behavioral assessment. In the level of syntax, declarative, interrogative, and imperative moods are used; c) the Quranic principles violated by the impolite utterances are Qaulan Marufa (speaking nicely), Qaulan Karima (speaking honorably), and Qaulan Layyina (speaking softly); and d) the violation of the Quranic principles is seen as reflecting the pragmatic incompetence of the characters and the authors in the way that they fail to create dialogues with refinement which reflect principles of Islam in the context of conflict
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AT THE HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS: The Case of Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates
Get PDFAbstract - Universities in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), just like other Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), strive to be at the forefront of academic excellence. Towards this end, HEIs endeavour to provide their students, their primary clientele with the most conducive learning environment in order to maximise their potentials and prepare them to the real world of work. Do the students really make the most of the learning experiences in the university? Are the students really actively engaged in the teaching programmes and learning activities provided by the university? What might be the implications of student engagement to curriculum, instruction, policy and decision making, and educational administration? This paper focused on the level of academic challenge provided to students. In this study, academic challenge was based on study time and course requirements for reading, writing, and application of higher-order thinking skills rather than on student judgments of the difficulty of the coursework (Carini and Kuh, 2003). Specifically, this investigation attempted to ascertain the types of engagement activities at the HEIs of Malaysia and the UAE. Interesting findings are presented, and recommendations are offered in light of student engagement in the context of higher education
A Critical Evaluation of The Compatibility Between Traditional And Contemporary Applications of Murabahah Transactions
No full textAbstract - The present study explores the extent of conceptual resemblance between traditional and contemporary murabahah contracts. In order to assess the discrepancies, qualitative and quantitative content analyses are applied as research methodology. In particular, discrepancies of the conceptual basis of the two contracts are evaluated by content analysis through graphical presentation. The results of this study affirm that the critique raised against contemporary contracts is indeed justified. The comparative analysis of the conceptual differences between traditional and contemporary murabahah contracts leads to the conclusion that the contemporary murabahah contract is in inverse relation to the traditional murabahah contract
NEGOTIATING ACEH SELF-DETERMINATION IN INDONESIAS UNITARY SYSTEM: A Study on Peace Agreement Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding 2005
Get PDFAbstract - Aceh, the northern-most province of Indonesia came through long suffering of armed conflicts for self-determination under the Dutch (1873-1942) and Japanese colonisation (1942-1945). It continued until Aceh joined Indonesias unitary system in 1945, in which it was formally initiated by Tgk. Daud Beureueh between 1953-1963, and further to be declared by Tgk. Hasan Tiro on 4th December 1976 under the banner of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). This struggle was ended by peace agreement, the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 15th August 2005 with the Aceh self-government notion consensus. In this regard, Aceh has more spaces and opportunities to re-determine its political, economic, social and cultural status under the Indonesian system. According to the international law, the notion of self-government is considered as internal self-determination under the International Human Rights Law regime. This would refer to two covenants: the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966. However, in practice, despite this ongoing implementation has achieved some progress in short term local political development, yet there are still many challenges for long-term economic, social and cultural advancement objectives, in particular regarding human rights related issues. This paper endeavours to analyse the issue through the overview of historical background of Aceh self-determination from an international law perspective. Hopefully, this paper contributes to a conceptual understanding of the MoU Helsinki in terms of Aceh self-determination movement as well as some challenges ahead
Examining Accounting And Accountability Issues In Religious Context: Insights From Literature
Get PDFAbstract - Religious organizations play an important role in delivering social services in society and tend to control a sizeable proportion of human, financial and other resources of society (Berger, 2003). However, various financial scandals and lawsuits involving them have raised questions regarding the governance and accountability of these organizations (Siino, 2004; Hamilton, 2006). As such, the insights from the literature on the issues of accounting and accountability in the religious-based organizations, especially the Islamic religious organisations are discussed. In so doing, the nature of religious-based organizations, and the practices of philanthropic institutions in an Islamic context are examined. In addition, the scale of accountability in and insights from previous researches on accounting and accountability practices of religious-based organizations are presented in this paper