BERKALA SAINSTEK
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Synthesis Zeolite Y From Lapindo Mud With Variations Filling Autoclave And Ratio Molar Si/Al
Get PDFLapindo mud contains Silicate (SiO2), and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that can be utilized to synthesize zeolite Y. Zeolite Y was synthesized from Lapindo mud via the smelting and hydrothermal method, respectively. The thermal activation of Lapindo mud was achieved by leaching smelting at 550oC for 2 hours with NaOH to achieve thed desire adding SiO2, NaOH and aging for 48 hours. The effects of various parameters on the synthesis were investigated. The samples were characterized with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA). Zeolite Y with high crystallinity was synthesized under optimized conditions, such as filling autoclave 90% and a SiO2/ Al2O3 molar ratio of 15
The Making of Liquid Soap Based on Used Cooking Oil with An Addition of Starfruit Extract (Averrhoa Carambola L.) as an Antioxidant
Get PDFThe used cooking oil is a waste that can damage environmental sustainability if its disposed of directly without processing. One of the utilization of it, is as a raw material for making the liquid soap. Sweet starfruit (Averrhoa Carambola L.) is known have a potential as a source of natural antioxidants due to its high vitamin C content, flavonoid content and phenolic compounds. This study aims to determine the effect of adding sweet starfruit extract with variation of concentrations 8%, 10% and 12% on used cooking oil-based liquid soap and to analyze the characteristics of the resulting soap. The results showed that the organoleptic tests (shape, odor, color, water content and foaming power) met the SNI standards 06-3352-2016 which were quite good. The addition of sweet starfruit extract with a concentration of 12% was the most effective as an antioxidant
The Utilization from Glucomannan of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) as a Raw Material for Making an Edible Film
Get PDFPorang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) is a type of tuber that contains various nutrients, especially glucomannan. Besides as being a source of food, the high content of glucomannan can also be used as an alternative for making edible films, because it contains mannan polymers which have the ability to form fine and crystallized fibers. The purpose of this research is to determine the potential of glucomannan in porang tuber flour as a basis for making edible films. Glucomannan used with various variations (3, 6 and 9 grams). The first stages used were testing porang tuber flour and then made edible film base by carrying out various chemical analyzes based on the Japanesse Industrial Standard method. The results showed that the acquisition of water, ash and protein sequentially was 11.782%, 1.821%, 6.275% which conform to the SNI 7939;2013 standards. The 3 gram variation and 0.087 mm thickness of Glucomann showed the best water resistance value of 20.34%. The biodegradability test showed that the 6 grams variation of glucomannan had the best degradation ability, that is 100% for 12 days
The Plan and Realization Evaluation of Supply Crude Oil Activities at PT Kilang Pertamina International - Refinery Unit VI Balongan
Get PDFPT Kilang Pertamina International - Refinery Unit VI Balongan is the sixth refinery out of seven refineries owned by PT Pertamina (Persero) that processes crude oil into BBM (Fuel Oil), Non-BBM and Petrochemical products in maintaining energy sustainability in Indonesia. Oil and gas management activities carried out by PT Pertamina must be able to run according to the target. For this reason, in carrying out its business processes, PT Pertamina requires good planning for crude oil. This study focuses on the type of Super Heavy (SH) crude oil including Duri, Cinta, Escalante, Ostra, etc., and Heavy (H) including Banyu Urip, GG Condensate, Minas/SLC, Cabinda, Etame, etc. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the discrepancy between plans and the realization of crude oil orders as well as forecasting for the next 12 periods of crude oil at PT KPI - RU VI Balongan. The results show that several forecasting methods match the demand data pattern, namely the cyclical method, cyclical trend, and multiplicative decomposition (seasonal) methods. In finding the error value forecasting is done by calculating the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) method. The selected forecasting method that has the highest accuracy is the cyclical trend forecasting method with a MAPE value of 0.22 for heavy crude oil and 0.13 for super heavy crude oil. The cyclical trend forecasting method has succeeded in reducing the error in the crude supply accuracy level compared to the existing Master Program (MP) crude method
An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Green Betel (Piper betle L.) Leaf Extract Hand Sanitizer
Get PDFGreen betel (Piper betle L.) leaf contains anti-thrush, anti-cough, astringent, and antiseptic chemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils. Hand sanitizer can also be used as an antiseptic agent, which is a more practical option. The purpose of this study was to see how the composition of green betel leaf extract made by infusion affected its physical properties and bacterial inhibition. Hand sanitizer samples were made using different concentrations of green betel leaf extract (10 - 25 wt%) with and without the addition of tea tree essential oil. Sample testing included organoleptic tests, physical properties tests, and effectiveness tests on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed that the best composition was found to be at a concentration of 10 wt% green betel leaf extract without the addition of essential oil, with pH ranging from 5.2 to 5.8 and viscosities ranging from 1.32 to 1.99 cps, in the form of a watery gel and a clear yellow color. Meanwhile, hand sanitizer sensitivity testing revealed that none of the samples could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. This indicates that the concentration of green betel leaf extract in the sample is still insufficient to inhibit bacterial growth
The The Effect of Giving The Antioxidant Vitamin C in Tris-Egg Yolk Extender During The Preservation Period on The Quality of The Epididymal Spermatozoa of Mice (Mus musculus L.)
No full textSpermatozoa preservation is a method used to store spermatozoa in a diluent solution such as NaCl or tris-egg yolk. However, the longer storage of spermatozoa in the diluent solution can generally form ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). The addition of antioxidants such as vitamin C to the diluent is expected to be able to bind ROS so that they are not toxic to spermatozoa and sperm quality can be maintained during the preservation period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the antioxidant vitamin C in tris-egg yolk diluent during the preservation period on the quality of mice epididymal spermatozoa. Vitamin C used in this study was 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg in 100 ml of tris-egg yolk diluent. Observation of spermatozoa quality was carried out within 0 to 48 hours with a span of 12 hours. The results showed that the addition of Vitamin C concentrations of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg in 100 ml of tris-egg yolk diluent was able to maintain the percentage of motility and vitality, but the longer the storage the quality of spermatozoa decreased. The concentration of vitamin C 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg in 100 ml of tris-egg yolk diluent is a good concentration to maintain the quality of spermatozoa during 12 hours of storage, the rest will decrease. Further research is needed to increase the storage time of spermatozoa by using vitamin C and tris-egg yolk
Quantitative Characteristics of Crossing Bali Cows with Different Strain of Bulls in Waelata District Buru Regency
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the quantitative characteristics of the crossbreed Bali cattle with several male breeds such as the Ongole, Limousine, and Simmental breeds. The method used in this research is the observation method in the form of direct observation in the field and measurement of cattle. A total of 30 adult cattle aged 1.5-2 years, consisting of 10 heads each (5 males and 5 females) crosses through Artificial Insemination (AI) of Bali cattle using frozen semen of Ongole breed bulls (POBAL), Limousin (LIMBAL) and Simmental (SIMBAL). The results showed that POBAL cattle had an average body length of 114.4-116.0 cm, chest circumference 179.4-220.0 cm, shoulder height 126.2-143.8 cm, and body weight 407.15-586.84 kg . LIMBAL cattle have an average body length ranging from 129.4-151.2 cm, chest circumference 170.4-191.8 cm, shoulder height 123.0-151.6 cm, and body weight 370.184-457.122 kg. While the average body length for SIMBAL cattle ranges from 159.8-180.0 cm, chest circumference 166.6-219.8 cm, shoulder height 125.8-154.1 cm, and body weight 356.662-584.678 kg