BERKALA SAINSTEK
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Species Composition and Length-Weight Frequency Distribution of Lobsters (Panulirus spp.) Landed on The Puger Coast, Jember Regency, East Java
No full textLobsters are one of the most economically valuable fishery resources, with the majority of catches obtained from marine environments. This study aims to identify and determine the species composition of lobsters based on the fishing gear used by local fishers in Puger Beach, as well as to analyze key biological parameters of lobsters, including the distribution of carapace length and body weight, the length-weight relationship, and sex ratio. Sampling was conducted on lobsters landed at Puger Beach from January to March 2020, resulting in a total of 2,485 individual records containing carapace length, weight, and sex data. Analytical methods included linear regression, class interval analysis, and chi-square tests. Species identification was conducted using the reference by Carpenter and Niem (1998, Volume 2), which confirmed the presence of five Panulirus species landed in the area: P. homarus, P. penicillatus, P. versicolor, P. longipes, and P. ornatus. The composition analysis revealed that the sand lobster (P. homarus) was the most dominant species, with a total of 1,648 individuals. Growth pattern analysis showed a negative allometric relationship, with b-values of 2.8957 (gillnet catches) and 2.8142 (diving with compressor catches). According to Ministerial Regulation No. 56/2016, 41.2% of lobsters were below the minimum legal size based on carapace length, and 27.3% were underweight. The sex ratio of lobsters was balanced at 1:1. However, during the study, 115 egg-bearing female lobsters were still found, indicating non-compliance with Ministerial Regulations No. 1/2015 and No. 56/2016, which prohibit the capture of undersized lobsters and egg-bearing females
Negative Binomial Regression Modeling to Analyze the Determinants of Infant Mortality in West Java Province
No full textThe Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is an important indicator in assessing the quality of public health and the success of health programs in a region. Proper handling of factors that determine IMR is essential to reduce this number. The data used were 27 districts/cities in West Java in 2022 with predictor variables including the number of health workers, percentage of poor population, percentage of iron tablet consumption, percentage of clean and healthy living behavior, percentage of exclusive breastfeeding, and percentage of low birth weight babies. The results of the analysis with Poisson Regression showed overdispersion so that IMR modeling was carried out using Negative Binomial Regression. The AIC value for the Negative Binomial Regression model was 305.630 and the BIC value was 315.997. The deviance ratio and Pearson's Chi-square approached one, indicating effective handling of overdispersion. The only significant variable affecting IMR was the percentage of clean and healthy living behavior. This shows the importance of increasing clean and healthy living behavior as the main strategy for reducing IMR in West Java Province
Green Extraction of Lignin Compounds from Sugarcane Bagasse Waste for Eco-Friendly Sunscreen Cream Development
No full textThis study aimed to develop a lignin extraction method from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), considering the high potential of lignin as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations. Indonesia, as one of the largest sugarcane producers, generates abundant SCB waste that is often underutilized, despite its significant lignin content. By valorizing this biomass, the approach is expected to support zero-waste principles and sustainability in the cosmetic industry. Lignin extraction was conducted using a green process based on Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) and compared to the conventional NaOH-based method. Characterization was performed using FTIR spectroscopy to identify functional groups and UV-Vis spectrophotometry to evaluate UV absorption ability. The results showed that lignin extracted using DES exhibited sharper FTIR peaks in the 1000-1200 cm⁻¹ region, indicating higher phenolic and C-O group content compared to NaOH-extracted lignin. In the UV-Vis analysis, the maximum absorbance of DES-extracted lignin was at 4% concentration in the UV-A and UV-B regions, suggesting effective protection against UV radiation. In addition to yielding high-quality lignin, the DES method minimized the use of hazardous chemicals. These findings demonstrate that DES-extracted lignin holds great promise as a natural active agent in environmentally friendly sunscreen formulations, supporting the growing trend toward sustainable cosmetics and offering a safer alternative to conventional synthetic ingredients
Analysis Planning of The Upper Tanjung Barat Station Structure With A Special Moment Resisting Frame System (SRPMK)
No full textThe station is one of the facilities that support the community's needs to carry out activities. The west coast station maker who will be integrated with the West Tanjung Flat has no structural planning, because it requires station planning. The planning of the station is planned to use steel profiles because the implementation process is easier and does not interfere with the activities of train users. The station concept must be resistant to earthquakes because Indonesia is a country prone to earthquakes. Station planning includes a steel profile that will be planned in addition to station planning considering the Jakarta earthquake zone is quite risky. This planning is assisted by modeling using the SAP2000 application program to get the right profile to reduce the risk of seismic system for the special moment bearer system (SRPMK) so that it can absorb the energy that will occur in the location. The results of the preliminary design use two types of columns and five types of beams. The modeling results use H 400 x 400 and IWF 800 x 300 column profiles using IWF 800 x 300 beam profiles, IWF 350 x 175, IWF 300 x 150, IWF 250 x 175, and IWF 150 x 75 using bolts with a diameter of ∅ 20, ∅ 22, and ∅ 27. So that the profile results are carried out on steel structure strength checks referring to SNI 1729: 2015 that are in compliance and meet the requirements for nominal strength permits greater than the required strength ( Rn> Ru)
Utilization of Microwave Technology in the Esterification Process of Nyamplung Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) for Biofuel Feedstock
No full textIndonesia’s national energy demand remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal. This dependency raises serious concerns regarding the long-term availability of energy reserves and contributes significantly to environmental degradation due to high greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the development of renewable energy sources has become crucial in achieving sustainable national energy security. One promising renewable energy alternative is biodiesel, particularly from non-edible oil sources like nyamplung seed oil (Calophyllum inophyllum). This study aims to evaluate the potential of nyamplung oil as a biodiesel feedstock through esterification using microwave-assisted heating technology, which offers advantages in accelerating chemical reactions and improving energy efficiency. The process begins with degumming using 85% phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) to remove impurities such as phospholipids, followed by esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, pro analysis grade) as a catalyst. The process variables investigated include the molar ratio of methanol to oil (1:20 and 1:40), microwave irradiation time (15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes), and H₂SO₄ catalyst concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, and 26% w/w relative to oil). The results indicate that the optimum conditions are achieved at a methanol-to-oil ratio of 1:40, 20 minutes of microwave irradiation, and a catalyst concentration of 10% w/w, producing an FFA content of 0.4076%, density of 0.9030 g/cm³, and viscosity of 22.3905 cSt. With an FFA level below 2%, the esterified nyamplung oil meets the required standard as a biodiesel feedstock. This study demonstrates that microwave-assisted esterification is not only effective in reducing FFA levels but also holds great potential for supporting the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly biodiesel derived from locally available resources
Additional Records of Macroscopic Fungi at IPB University Campus Forest and Their Potential Use
No full textFungi are heterotrophic organisms and become decomposers in various types of environments. In Indonesia, fungi have a high level of diversity, but not all of them have been properly identified. The type of ecosystem that can grow mushrooms includes forests, due to high levels of humidity so fungi can easily adapt. The IPB Campus Forest is an area planted with various types of trees with the aim of being a conservation and protection area for flora and fauna. IPB forests have various types of higher plants, ferns, undergrowth, and various types of fungi (microscopic and macroscopic). This research aimed to increase information on the diversity of mushroom types in the IPB Campus Forest to serve as a basis for their use in the future. Fungal exploration was carried out using the random roaming method. Fruiting bodies were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characters, then isolated on PDA media. This research confirmed the occurrence of 3 types of fungi, namely Lentinus arcularius, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Marasmius sp. All three are members of the phylum Basidiomycota. L. arcularius is found on wooden twigs, has a brown pileus with white edges, a smooth surface and serrated edges, a concave pileus, transparent and oval-shaped spores, hyphae aerial, colony white to cream from upper view. P. sanguineus grows on a substrate of dead tree branches that have fallen to the ground, the basidiomata are red mixed with orange and almost semi-circular in shape, the edge of the cap is rounded and flat with a yellowish color, the pseudostipe is directly attached to the substrate, the hymenophore is pore-shaped with a red and orange color, overlapping and pigmented hyphae, colony radial, hyphae aerial, colony white from upper view. Marasmius sp. grows gregariously in the litter, the pileus is shaped like an inverted bowl and is orange in color, the edges of the cap are flat with small-serrated cap margins, the hymenophore is in the form of lamellae with an adnexed attachment, the hyphae are club-shaped with the sterigma shaped like a root, the colonies are cream, the surface is smooth. All fungi from this study have the potential to be used as medicinal ingredients and sources of other secondary metabolites. The results of this research add to data regarding the diversity of fungi in Indonesia and can be used as literature for subsequent research. Further works should consider not only the diversity but also the bioprospection potency of wild mushroom
The Impact of Halal Supply Chain Implementation on The Purchase Intention of Cosmetics Among Generation Z Customers
No full textThe development of the cosmetics industry in Indonesia has shown growth in line with changes in lifestyle, particularly among the younger generation. As a generation that has grown up with broad access to technology and information, Gen Z possesses a heightened awareness of the composition and production processes of the cosmetic products they use, including the halal label, which is one of the main preferences for Muslim consumers. The implementation of a halal supply chain is an effort to ensure the halal integrity of the products used. Unfortunately, just a few studies have explored the factors driving Gen Z's purchase interest in cosmetic products that adopt a halal supply chain.This study aims to explore and gain deeper insights into these factors so that various stakeholders involved can determine appropriate strategies to meet these needs. Various variables and indicators were employed in this research using the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) model to identify the factors that most influence Gen Z's purchase interest in cosmetic products adopting a halal supply chain.The results of the study indicate that, after the variables of packaging and halal labeling, the product storage variable becomes the most influential factor in Gen Z's purchase interest. Therefore, greater attention is needed to ensure the implementation and quality of this variable within the halal cosmetics supply chain
Virtual Screening of Inhibitor Compounds for HL-60 Cell Line Using QSAR and Molecular Docking Approaches
Full text linkLeukaemia is a type of heterogeneous malignancy disease in which the number of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow is increased or poorly differentiated. Inhibitors of HL-60 cell line are important drugs in the treatment of leukaemia. This study aims to identify potential inhibitors for HL-60 leukaemia cells using virtual screening with QSAR and molecular docking approaches. The best QSAR model obtained was the model with R2 testing value of 0.72. The best model was applied to the Enamine database, obtained 3,841,278 compounds with pIC50 above 9 were clustered to end up with 50 inhibitor candidate compounds. The compounds were further studied through molecular docking against CDK- 2 and BCL-2 target proteins with binding free energy analysis. Screened compounds have high inhibitory potential against CDK-2 and BCL-2 target proteins in HL-60 cells which can be proposed as potential inhibitors of HL-60 cells. These compounds can be further tested for the development of more effective antileukaemia drugs
Determination of Reducing Sugar Groups from Hydrolysis of Arthrospira platensis Microalgae using Microwaves
Full text linkThe depletion of fossil fuel sources and increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have encouraged research into renewable energy sources. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly energy source with considerable potential for reducing dependence on gasoline. Bioethanol is produced from the fermentation process of monosaccharides. The first and second generations of bioethanol are derived from food crops, agricultural waste, and plantation waste, whereas the third generation is produced from microalgae. Arthrospira platensis is a carbohydrate-rich microalgae. This study attempts to determine the content of reducing sugar groups which are monosaccharides formed from a hydrolysis with microwaves. A total of 10 g of microalgae powder was added to 100 mL of 0.3 M H2SO4 solution. The hydrolysis process was carried out in a microwave reactor at a temperature of 100°C for 90 minutes. The hydrolysate obtained was then fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaerobically in a shaking water bath. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test was performed to identify reducing sugar groups in the hydrolysate, and the Gas Chromatography (GC) test was performed to determine the concentration of bioethanol produced during the fermentation process. Meanwhile, the solid content of biochar that remained after hydrolysis was analyzed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FTIR). The HPLC test findings showed that the glucose concentrations before and after fermentation were 10.52 and 1.91 g/L, respectively, indicating that 81.8% of the glucose was converted to bioethanol. Furthermore, the distillation results from the fermented hydrolysate were analyzed using GC, yielding a bioethanol content of 3.90 g/L
Tempe Wastewater Treatment Using Effective Microorganism (EM) Based on Kepok Banana Peel Waste
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using Lactobacillus sp. bacteria as an Effective Microorganism (EM) solution derived from kepok banana peel waste to treat tempeh wastewater. The research was conducted using four reactors with varying EM concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) that were processed over 16 days. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in COD, BOD, and TSS levels. Reactor R4, containing 30% EM, reduced BOD by 78.01%, increased DO to 1.31 mg/L, and raised pH to 5.86. Reactor R3, with 20% EM, achieved the highest COD reduction of 78.13%. Additionally, Reactor R2, containing 10% EM, reduced TSS by 66.81%. This study indicates that EM derived from kepok banana peel waste can effectively degrade organic pollutants in tempeh wastewater, offering an environmentally friendly treatment method