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PERANAN BAHAN HIJAUAN TANAMAN DALAM PENINGKATAN BAHAN ORGANIK DAN STABILITAS AGGREGAT TANAH ULTISOL LIMAU MANIS YANG DITANAMI JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFA research aiming to improve soil aggregate stability of Ultisol in terms of creating sustainable agriculture and environmental development was conducted by applying fresh organic matter (OM)  into soil.  Three types of  OM sources used were Titonia diversifolia, Chromolaena odorata, dan Gliricidia sepium.   This research was conducted in Ultisol Limau Manis Sumbar having annual rainfall > 5000 mm, in 2008.   The fresh OM used was cut, mixed with soil up to 20 cm depth, and then incubated for approximately one month before corn seeds were planted.  Soil was sampled before being treated with OM and then after harvesting corn (4 moths after applying OM).  Soil OM content as well as soil aggregate stability (AS) and several other soil physical properties wer analysed in laboratory.  The results showed that soil OM content and AS increased after one planting period.  Besides that, soil physical properties were also improved.  As soil physical properties became better, corn production was also higher at plot with than without OM application.  Among 3 species of OM added, Tithonia diversifolia gave highest corn biomass.  Level of land slope (0-8% dan 15-30%) did not show significant difference either for biomass or for soil OM content and soil AS.Key Words: marginal soil, green manure, soil aggregate stability, soil organic matte
PENGARUH PENGOLAHAN TANAH DAN PEMBERIAN MULSA ORGANIK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PSAMMENT DAN HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt)
No full textA research about effect of soil managment and organic mulch application on soil physical properties of psamment and conr production was conducted in Korong Muaro, Nagari Sunur Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, as well as in soil laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University Padang.  This research was done from April – October 2009.  The objective of the research was to identify interaction effect between soil cultivation and organic mulch application on chemical properties of psamment and production of sweet corn.  This research was designed in two factors: 3 x 4 with three replications. The first factor was soil cultivation which consisted of 3 levels (Po = No-till, P1 = Minimum tillage, P2 = Conventional till).  The second factor was organic mulch application, which consisted of four levels: Z = without mulch addition, T = Titonia for 8 ton DW/ha, K = Chromolaena for 8 ton DW/ha, J = straw 8 ton DW/ha. The result showed that soil cultivation combined with rice straw mulch application could increase N, P, K elements in soil.  Soil N content increased from 0,17 % to  0,28 %, avail-P from 52,57 ppm to 88,60 ppm, and K-exch from 0,64 me/100g to 2,35 me/100g, however, minimum tillage gave the highest yield which was 7,68 ton weight  of corn seeds + the stalk /hektar, and rice straw mulch showed the highest among the organic mulch applied, which was 8,85 ton/ha.Keywords: Soil cultivation, organic mulch, psamment, sweet cor
PENGARUH REKLAMASI LAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN EROSI PADA LAHAN ALANG-ALANG
Get PDFA research about utilization of cylindrica biomass as an OM source was conducted to improve physical properties and to reduce soil erosion of degraded land and. The area of degraded land is quite large and the cylindrical biomass as a soil ameliorant is enough amount to use. The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cylindrical biomass to improve properties and to reduce erosion of degraded Ultisol. Cylindrica biomass was treated as mulch as well as compost, sprayed with Round up, and removed from the land as farmers used to do. The field research was designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that cylindrical biomass was able to improve soil physical properties (BD, TP, infiltration rate) and to reduce erosion lower than the tolerated one. Keywords: land reclamation, erosion, tolerated erosio
RHIZOBAKTERIA PENGHASIL FITOHORMON IAA PADA RHIZOSFIR TUMBUHAN SEMAK KARAMUNTING, TITONIA, DAN TANAMAN PANGAN
Get PDFRhizobacteria from various research results have shown an important role in producing organic compounds (phytohormone) which can affect plant physiological processes even in low concentrations. This research aimed to study the production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) in several plants rhizosphere, to calculate the rhizobacteria population that able to produce and synthesize IAA and to isolate these rhizobacteria from several rhizospheres of cultivated plants (maize and peanut) and bush plant i.e. karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) and titonia (Tithonia diversifolia). All plants and crops were obtained from experimental station Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University. Further research is conducted in Soil Biology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture. Experimental design in this study was not used but the data obtained from 3 replications tested by T test at 5% level and if it was significantly different it would be followed by further HSD tests at 5% level. Highest content of IAA was found in the peanut crop (67.30 ppm), followed by maize (53.61 ppm) and 28.53 ppm for titonia. Whereas the lowest content of IAA was found in karamunting rhizosphere, it was 22.29 ppm. The highest amount of rhizobacteria was obtained from peanut rhizosphere followed by maize and titonia i.e 18.28, 12.08 and 7.87% of the total population, respectively. There was no IAA producing rhizobacteria population was found in karamunting rhizosphere. Based on the results of the ability of the test to produce IAA in the King’s B liquid medium at low pH (pH 4.0), the leading isolates were obtained in each rhizosphere, namely: J.2b and J.3b isolates from maize rhizosphere; Kc.1b, Kc.2b and Kc.3b from peanut isolates, and Ti.3c isolates from titonia rhizosphere.Key words : Rhizobacteria, IAA, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Tithonia diversifolia, peanut and maiz
KARAKTERISTIK DAN KERAGAMAN TANAH KETAPING SELATAN KECAMATAN BATANG ANAI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Get PDFA study of soil characteristics and soil variation was carried out in Ketaping Selatan, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman District. The study aimed to identify the characteristics and variation of soil of Ketaping Selatan as a selected village under University of Andalas supervisory. The results indicated that Ketaping Selatan has two soil variations namely Typic Udifluvents and Terric haplosaprists. Both soils are categorized as soils with low fertility and low carrying capacity. It is needed a proper management for enhanching their soil productivity, erspecially for agricultural purposes. Keyword : soil caracteristics, soil variatio
EFEKTIVITAS BERBAGAI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR INDIGENUS TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA P DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFUtilization of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (FMA) is an alternative way to improve soil fertility. Therefore, it must be developed by studying deeply the effectivity of the FMA. This is important due to either its ability to associate with almost all of vegetation family in terrestrial ecosystems or its ability to increase plant growth rate, seedlings quality, and crop yield, especially on critical land. A research about effectivity of variously indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on P-sorption and Jatropha growth was conducted at laboratorium and glasshouse Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University. This research was aimed to gain the most effective isolate of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on growth of and P-sorption by Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) plant on critical land. Single isolat such as Glomus sp2, Acaulospora sp1, Gigaspora sp1, and compound isolate M7 (Glomus sp2,+ Acaulospora sp1 + Gigaspora sp1) significantly affected plant height, canopy dry matter, infection percentage and intensity, and P-sorption. M7 Compound isolate was the most effective innoculum. By this isolate, height of Jatropha seedlings was 27.5 cm, canopy dry matter 5.9 g, infection percentage 78.5%, infection intensity was 49.1, and P-sorption by canopy was 1.6 g for each seedling. Keywords: Effectiveness of FM
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ABU BATUBARA SEBAGAI SUMBER SILIKA (SI) BAGI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L)
Get PDFA research about use of coal ash as a silicate source for rice production was conducted in Greenhouse at Agriculture Faculty of Andalas University from October 2006 to February 2007.  The objective of this research was to study the effect of coal fly ash as silicon (Si) sources for the growth and production rice crops (Oryza sativa L.).  The experiment was designed on Completely Randomized Block Design with four treatments and three replications.  The treatments consist of ; 0 ton/ha, 20 ton/ha , 40 ton/ha  and 60 ton/ha coal fly ash.  The result showed that, fly ash from coal burning could increase  available fosfor and reduce dissolved aluminum in the soil.  Fly ash could also increase crop production, P- and Si-absorption by crops.Key Words: coal fly ash, silicate, rice crop
INKUBASI TITONIA PADA TANAH SAWAH TERHADAP ASAM-ASAM ORGANIK
Get PDFThe research about “Incubation of titonia for organic acid production in rice field† has been conducted in soil laboratory Agriculture Collage Andalas University Padang, since  January to August 2005.  The objective of this research was to determine the best method of using titonia to produce organic acids in rice field.  The research had 2 factors, 3 series of titonia application and 5 levels of titonia dossages with 3 replications.  The series are: A1 =  Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was directly flooded;  A2 =  Titonia was mixed with soil and then, let them stay on soil surface for 3 weeks before being flooded; A3 = Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was moistened until field capacity for 3 weeks before being flooded.  The second factor was titonia dossages (0,000; 1,250; 2,500; 3,750; 5,000 g  dry weight of titonia per kg soil). The result showed that organic acids of the soil had been changed as a consequence of titonia application and the incubation with soil.  The highest organic acid production was found  at combination of titonia incubation with soil at field capacity for 3 weeks, that was malat acid (184-489 mgl-1). The others detected were citrate, tartarate, malate, and benzoat acids, butt fenolate acids was not detected.  Keywords: incubation, organic acids, rice field, titonia
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN SEDIMEN DAN HARA TERANGKUT PADA DAS SUMPUR KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Get PDFA study about sediment content and nutrient movement was conducted in Sumpur watershed, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. The objective of the research was to determine sediment content and nutrient movement on Sumpur watershed and the relationship. Survey method by sampling water in joining river was employed to this research for sampling water. Water was sampled exactly after rain or at the time of river debit was maximum and without rain as a control. Water flowing into the river comes from several lad uses in the upper watershed. There were four types of land use found in the areas, those were forest, mixed garden, annual season crops, and rice field. Based on field observation it was found that there were two classes of soils there, Andisols and Inceptisols. The results of laboratory analyses showed that river current, soil consentration in river water, as well as sediment content were linearly correlated to rainfall amount. Positive linear correlation was also found between river debit and carried nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) from the research area. Keywords: watershed, rainfall, sediment carried, and nutrient carrie
HUBUNGAN KESUBURAN TANAH DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN
Get PDFA research about relationship between soil properties and crop yield was conducted in Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar Region, center for cabbage and carrot production, West Sumatra in 2004 and 2005. Â Soil samples were collected from rainfed paddy soils by purposive random sampling. Â Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty and Agriculture Polytechnique Laboratory, Andalas University. Â Several soil physical properties analysed were soil bulk density and total soil pores by using gravimetric method, permeability with de Boodt method, soil water content at several pF values using pressure plate apparatus, and soil strength by using penetrometer. Â Â Soil chemical parameters analysed were soil pH using pH-meter, organic-C using Walkley and Black, available P using Bray II, and cation exchange capacity using NH4-leaching at pH 7.0, and N-total using Kjehdhal method. Â Crop productions were sampled from a 3x3 m2Â of soil sampling area. Â The result showed that soils planted by cabbage and carrot had good soil physical properties, such as having balanced pore size distribution. Â The chemical properties of the soils were good as well, except N, K- and Ca-exchangeable which were very low. Â The other soil properties were quite good. Â Soil physical properties gave different response on both crops. Â Carrots were more response aeration pore and soil organic matter content, then cabbage was more response on BV, TSP, and slow drainage pores. Â While soil chemical properties did not give significant response. Â Both crops responded on Ca, but cabbage was more response on N-total, and carrot on CEC and saturated cationKey Words: Soil Physical Properties, Soil Fertility, Crop Productivit