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TINJAUAN KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PENGAWASANNYA BAGI KEAMANAN DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe use of organic fertilizers in agricultural production can not only increase soil fertility but also at the same time improve soil quality. Organic fertilizer is a unique product because it can improve physical properties, chemical, and biological soil as plant growth media. These characteristics bring the organic fertilizers into a valuable product that can be used in a variety of use. Today in Indonesia, there are so many outstanding varieties of organic fertilizer products either refined or imported products. Monitoring of the quality and feasibility of organic fertilizer materials is needed, so they will not harm the farmers as consumers. Each country develops criteria standard of organic fertilizer valuing each country's interest. United States, Canada, Australia and Europe use different compost quality criteria tailored to the needs and environmental rules that apply. So far in Indonesia rules used in determining quality is Permentan No. 02/Pert/HK.060/2/2006 which was then updated with Permentan No.28/PERMENTAN/OT.140/2/2009 on Organic Fertilizers and Soil Ameliorant. Basically, the appraisal made on the maturity and quality of organic fertilizers is based on observation of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Review of the criteria used in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture was necessary in considering the criteria used which are very harmful to consumers, such as if it is satated that C-organic content is approximately 12%, which is low, it means that there might exist some follow-up materials such as glass, plastic in the fertilizer about 2%. If the rules are maintained, it will be very detrimental to Indonesia because of invasion from over seas. Import organic fertilizers would be siege to Indonesian farmers. Permentan No.28/PERMENTAN/SR.130/5/2009 has also set up institutions in charge of monitoring the quality of organic fertilizers. However, the quality control must be carried out. It is not only at the level of the end product, but it must also begin from the moment of the production process by establishing a supervisory agency competent. Since organic fertilizers can be produced by large industries, small and medium-scale farmers, the level of supervision is needed with different approaches. Keywords: organic fertilizer, quality, processes and control
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAERAH GUNUNG TANDIKEK, KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Get PDFThe research was conducted in Tandikek mountain region, Padang Pariaman District, then at soil laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University as well as at physical and soil mineralogy laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University from October 2002 to February 2003. The research was designed in the form of field survey. Determination of the location was based on the land uses. There were 5 land use types, those were mixture farm, paddy soil, secondary forest, cinnamon, and coconut. The results showed that physical nature of soil under mixture farm, paddy soil, secondary forest, cinnamon, and coconut varied at texture (dusty plates), organic contents (high-very high), slowly drainage pore (PDL) and pore of water available (PAT) which were not significantly different among the five land uses. Permeability of total pore space (TRP) and fast drainage pore (PDC) were high at land use of cinnamon and not significantly different at land uses of paddy soil, secondary forest, and coconut. Key word : soil physical characteristics, land uses
FAKTOR-FAKTOR EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI WAKTU PEMBUAHAN MANGGIS
Get PDFA research aiming to evaluate external factors affecting fertility process on manggo trees had been conducted in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, as one of production central for manggos in West Sumatra.  In the first year, the activity of the research was aimed to identification on earlier and later flowering plants.  External factors being identified were soil nutrients and soil chemical characteristics, as well as temperature and relative humidity around canopies of the trees.  The results showed that there was an interaction among the external factors  on the characteristics of both groups of the manggo trees.  Earlier flowering plants had higher  temperature around the canopies, but lower relative humidity than those later flowering plants.  Some other external factors such as light intensity as well as the duration of day and night period will be identified on the following research.Key Words: Manggos tree, canopy temperature and humidity, earlier flowering plants, later flowering plant
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS SAMPAH KOTA DAN UREA, TSP, KCL PADA REGOSOL TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA N, P, K, TANAMAN SELADA ( Lactuca sativa L )
Get PDFA research about Effect of compost as well as Urea, TSP, and KCl fertilizer application in Regosol on nutrient N, P, K uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L), had been conducted from April to November 2008 in Glasshouse, agriculture Faculty Andalas University Padang.  The objective of the research was to determine the effects of organic fertilizer (compost of market waste) appication and the best NPK fertilizer dossages on soil chemical properties of Regosol planted by lettuce.  This research was a pot trial by using factorial design which was allocated as completely randomized in Glasshouse.  There were two factors, 4 x 4 treatments tested in this experiment, with 3 replications.  The first factor was dossage of compost {K0 = Without compost, K1 = 2,5 ton/ha (10 g/pot), K2 = 5 ton/ha (20 g/pot), K3 = 10 ton/ha (40 g/pot)} and the second factor was NPK dossage (P0 = Without NPK, P1 = 25 % NPK recommendation, P2 = 50 % NPK recommendation, P3 = 100 % NPK recommendation).  The data of this research were tested by using F-test at 5% level, and then continued by using HSD test.  The results showed that application of 10 ton compost / ha could gave the highest pH value, total N, available P, CEC, Ca-exch, Mg-exch, K-exch, and  Na-exch, but decreased Org-C of the soil.  In general, the best interaction of both treatments was found under combination of 5 ton compost/ha and 25% NPK recommendation for plant growth, plant dry matter, and NPK uptake by plants.  Based on the research conducted, it was suggested that the best input for lettuce grown on Regosol was combination between 5 ton compost/ha and 25% NPK recommendation for the plants.Key Words: Compost, Regosol, Lettuc
EFEK SISA ASAM HUMAT DARI KOMPOS JERAMI PADI DAN PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM MENGURANGI KERACUNAN BESI (FE) TANAH SAWAH BUKAAN BARU TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI
Get PDFFe toxicity on recent ricefield has been common problem in ricefield management to increase rice productivity. Adding organic matter like humic acid from any source (such as hay residue compost) and water management (intermitten flooding and continue flooding) can reduce Fe toxicity and it will be able to increase rice yield in one plant season.  But how about in second plant season, this research will found effect of adding humic acid from hay compost residue and water management. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of hay compost humic acid residue effect and water management  on Fe abundant and nutrient uptake and rice yield in recent ricefield.  This research has done by split-split plot design 2 x 4. The main plot which was treatment of water management were permanent flooding and intermitten (P1 and P2). And the  split plot which was  humic acid treatments were Ao = 0 ppm (0 Kg humic acid /Acre), A1= 200 ppm (400 Kg humic acid/A), A2= 400 ppm (800 Kg humic acid/A), A3 = 600 ppm (1200 Kg humic acid /A). Data analysed by statistical methode, if the treatments were significant to be continued by Duncan 05 % analysis.  The result has obtained of this research which was Eh value of soil in flooding and intermitten was decrease in every week because treatment of humic acid in first season. The content of Fe2+ in soil was increase in every week until the 8th week. Value of soil pH until 8th week flooding was increase, and caused P available and P potencial were increase too. Plant growth and yield of rice in second season not better than first season, and for intermitten flooding caused better plant growth and yield of rice.   Keyword :  Fe Toxicity, Humic Acid, water management, Recent Ricefiel
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculata) TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT KIMIA ULTISOL
Get PDFTo look for the effect of gold snail (Pomacea canaliculata)Â addition on soil nutrition level, a series of pot experiment was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture and P3IN laboratories from March to June 2008. This study used completely randomized design with 2 kinds of treatments. First iwas gold snail composition (A1 = snail shell, A2 = snail body, and A3 = whole snail) and incubation period (B1 = 2 weeks, B2 = 3 weeks, and B3 = 4 weeks). The results showed that these treatments affect some of soil chemical properties. Soil pH changed from acid to slightly acid, total nitrogen rose from low to medium, exchangeable base cations also increased. On the other hand, exchangeable aluminum (Al) decreased. Interaction between the treatments successfully increased organic carbon, available phosphorous, and cation exchange capacity. The best treatment combination was between body composition of gold snail and a four-week incubation period.Key Words: gold snail, Ultisols, soil chemical characteristic
KLASSIFIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG
Get PDFA research about soil organic matter (SOM) classification based on the density was conducted for soil in Bukik Pinang-Pinang region.  The objective of this research was to identify whether the SOM in Pinang-Pinang area, having very high annual rainfall, was mostly particulate or had been associated with mineral particles.  Soils were sampled at three different land use, forest, bush, and mixed wood land on 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depth.  Soil organic matter was classified into 2 classes, < 1.0 g cm-3 and ≥ 1.0 g cm-3 by using pure aquadest.  Total and fractionated SOM samples were analyzed by using Walkley and Black method in soil laboratory, Agriclculture College, Andalas University.  The result showed that, among the three land use surveyed, mixed wood land use gave the highest SOM, then followed by bush land.  Soil OM content in forest ecosystem was much lower than the other two land use for the whole depth.  Based on the density, SOM particulate was higher on the soil surface and decrease by depth in each land use.  Among the ecosystem, SOM under forest was less associated with soil particles than that under bush and mixed wood land. Key Words:  SOM-light fraction, SOM-heavy fraction, land us
PENGUKURAN INFILTRASI TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG DI LABORATORIUM
Get PDFA research about infiltration rate of soils from Pinang-Pinang area, a super wet tropical rain forest gunung Gadut Padang, was conducted in soil laboratory Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University. Â Pinang-pinang area is located in Kecamatan Pauh, in the upper footslope of Gadut mountain, functiong as water regulation for the area down under, especially Padang city. Â This is caused by the fact that water from the Pinang-Pinang area will fow to the sea through Kuranji river. Â Â This area is supposed to be protected to avoid natural disaster in the area down under. Â This research was aimed to determine infiltration rate of soils under different land use in the Pinang-Pinang region. Â There were three land use in this area, forest, mixed garden, and bush. Â Undisturbed soil samples were taken from each land use by using 11-cm in diameter and 40 cm height tubes. Â Soils samples were tightly closed, and brought into laboratory. Â Infiltration rate from each soil samples were determined in laboratory. Â The results showed that mixed garden gave the highest infiltration rate (38.4 cm jam-1) among the land use tested, and then followed by forest land use, and then bush land.Key Words: infiltration, land use, tropical rain fores
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH SUB DAS AIR BATANANG DAS SUMPUR KECAMATAN BATIPUH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Get PDFExcessive utilization of natural resource by human being will affect the sustainability of agriculture, land and environment. Â This is due to degradation of soil physical properties in the area. Â A research about study of soil physical properties had been taken out in a sub-sub watershed Batanang of Sumpur watershed, Batipuh, Tanah Datar Regency, in West Sumatra. Â The research was conducted by surveying the area in 2006. Â Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken in different land units. Â Then, soil samples were analysed at soil laboratory, Agriculture College, Andalas University Padang. Â The result showed that all of land units in this sub sub watersehed had the same soil texture class, that was fine clay. Â The bulk volume of the soil was higher in Mixed woodland unit than those in forest land units. Â Permeability value of the soil was higher at forest from all degrees of slope than that at mixed woodland, even though soil organic matter content of mixed woodland unit higher than that at forest with 25-45% slope.Keywords: Sub watershed (DAS), forest, Â land unit, soil physical propertie
EVALUASI LAHAN PERSAWAHAN PADA TIGA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DI SUMATERA BARAT
Get PDFResearch on  soils fertility of rice soils has been done on three catchment in West Sumatra province ie; Ulu Selo ( inland areas of selo river) at Tanah Datar district conducted three Kenagarian ( traditional village) Simpurut, Gurun, and Padang Laweh.  Lembang catcment at Solok district is conducted ubo irrigation scheme ubo which divided as Ubo atas irrigation scheme and Sirukam. Sumpur cathment at East Pasaman District conducted three  Kenagarian, Lundar, Petok and Kuamang.  All of irrigation scheme located at agroclimatic zone C1 up to D2, with charaterize 2 or 3 consecutive  wet month  and 3 or 4 consecutive dry month. Soils were developed from volcanic parents materials.  Rice soils of Ulu Selo  shown lower pH value compared to the soils with land use is mixed garden, which some of the sampling point has shown the pH lower than 4. the rice soils of Lembang and Sumpur also shown the similar trend of pH but the value not so extremely like the soils from Ulu Selo. Related to the minimum value of carbon in rice soils is indicate that some  of the rice soils in the research areas could be grouping as degraded land.  The rice soils from Sumpur has high natural soil fertility which which shown on the natural reserved of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium. The soils condition could support the rice production up to 8t/ha/ GS without additional nutrient. While soils from Ulu Selo shown lower content of phosphor. Based on this research author suggested to fertilizer program is better done based on the condition of soils itself. Even the natural soils fertility is high is not reccomended to use addtional artificials fertilizer.Key words: cathment studies, natural soil fertility, rice production and land degradation