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EROSI DAN KEHILANGAN HARA PADA PERTANAMAN KENTANG DENGAN BEBERAPA SISTEM GULUDAN PADA ANDISOL DI HULU DAS MERAO, KABUPATEN KERINCI, JAMBI
Get PDFThis research was aimed to study alternative techniques for soil conservation in controlling erosion and nutirients lost from Andisol planted with potatoes in upper part of Merao watershed, in Kerinci Region, Jambi Province.  The research was conducted in Kebun Baru, Kayu Aro, Kerinci.  The soil and sediment samples were analysed at Soil and Land Resource Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Institute Pertanian Bogor.  Erosion was measured on small plots consisting of seven (7) treatments and three (3) replications considered as blocks.  The results showed that planting potatoes across the slope direction, or making soil bed across 15% slope, or soil bed as slope direction and across slope direction every 4.5 m distance could control erosion and nutrients lost, and did not affect potato yield compared to soil bed as slope direction.  Planting potatoes on soil bed as slope  and across slope direction in each 4,5 m distance (modified farmers model) reduced erosion, soil organic-C, and total-N lost for 65.89, 65.19, and 24.55%, respectively, compared to planting as slope direction.  Keywords: erosion, nutrient lost, sedimentatio
HUBUNGAN ANTARA CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA INDIGENEOUS DAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DI LAHAN KRITIS TANJUNG ALAI, SUMATERA BARAT
Get PDFCritical land is land that has lost its function as an agro-ecosystem. The main problems faced in using critical land for agriculture are: 1) acidic soil reaction, 2) high amount of Al ions that can bind phosphorus, and 3) low organic matter content. Some treatment had been tried to improve soil chemical properties, but the result obtained is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to do biological improvement by utilizing indigeneous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF).  Research on the relationship between Indigeneous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and some chemical properties of degraded land have been carried out at the Laboratory of Soil Science and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University ( UNAND). This study was  aimed to determine the relationship between the number and types of AMF with some chemical properties of critical land in Tanjung Alai Solok, West Sumatra, as well as to study the relationship between the number and types of AMF with some soil chemical properties using Pearson correlation analysis.  The results showed that: the number and types of AMF is closely related to pH, P, and organic C, with a pattern of positive relationships (unidirectional), while Al-dd soil showed negative correlation with the number and types of AMF.Keywords: critical land, AMF, soil chemical propertie
PREDIKSI EROSI DAN SEDIMENTASI PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS MASANG BAGIAN HULU DI KABUPATEN AGAM
Get PDFErosion and sedimentation prediction in sub-watershed Masang was conducted to predict amount of soil eroded and sedimented from several land use in the location, and to find out  alternative land use that can suppress erosion to be equal to or less than tolerated erosion as well.  Methods employed to do this research were 1) analysis of basic data (topography map, land use map, and secondary data such as rainfall data from the nearest meteorology station), 2) soil survey and identification to field, 3) soil analyses at laboratorium, and 4) data analyses using USLE erosion model and sediment delivery ratio (SDR).  The results showed that amount of soil eroded from all land use except from forest was higher than tolerated erosion.  Among the types of land use were mixed garden, housing, plantation, and bush.  Higher erosion than tolerated erosion was probably due to low plant density, big percentage of uncover land, therefore, raindrops became easier to hit soil and then disperse the aggregates.  As a consequence, erosion and sedimentation became bigger.  Soil eroded could be minimized into the same or less than tolerated erosion by implementing conservation agroecotechnology by reducing crop coefficient value (into 0.001) through increasing plant density and changing bush land into garden or plantation.  For housing area, the area should be planted by perennial crops, should be provided by terraces to ditches to pass runoff.  Soil sedimentl was calculated to be higher from garden and bush, but by implementing agroecotechnology conservation sediment can be controlled.Keywords: erosion, sedimentation, watershe
PENGARUH KOMPOS ASAL KULIT JENGKOL (Phitecolobium jiringa (Jack) Prain ex King) TERHADAP CIRI KIMIA TANAH SAWAH DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI
Get PDFThis research had been conducted in the greenhouse and the Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera. The study was done from March until October 2011.  The aims of this research were to get the effect of compost from jengkol shell on chemical properties of paddy soil and rice yield.  The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and the experimental units were arranged based on completely randomized design (CRD).  The treatments were application of compost K0 = 0 tons/ha (0 g/pot), K1 = 5 tons/ha (20 g/pot), K2 = 10 tons/ha (40 g/pot), K3 = 20 tons/ha (80 g/pot), K4 = 40 tons/ha (160 g/pot).  The data were compared to the criteria of soil chemical properties and plant data were statistically analysed for the variance.  If the F calculated > F table, the analyses were continued   by using DNMRT at 0.05 level of significance.  The results showed that application of 160 g compost/pot increased soil pH by 21.78%, N-total by 123.07%, organic-C by 65.84%, available P by 93.55%, K exch. by 238.35%, Ca exch. by 133.33%, Mg exch. by 90.00%, CEC by 238.90%, Cu exch. by 54,10%, as well as the yield by 12,68% compared to the treatment without compost application.Keywords : jengkol, nutrients, paddy soil, productionÂ
PENCUCIAN BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH PADA TIGA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAERAH HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS SUPER BASAH PINANG-PINANG GUNUNG GADUT PADANG
Get PDFStudy about soil organic matter (SOM) leaching in soil profiles of tropical rain forest was conducted in Bukit Pinang-Pinang, the upper footslope of Mt. Gadut in West Sumatra, and in Soil Physical laboratory Andalas University Padang.  Bukit Pinang-Pinang is located on 480-640 m asl and geographically is between 100°29’40†and 100°30’20 E† as well as between 0°54’55†and 0°55’45â€S.  This rain forest area is known as a super wet area because it receives high annual rainfall (>3500 mm).  The objective of this research was to measure the amount of SOM leached from top soil into the deeper soil.  Undisturbed soil samples were taken from three different land uses, forest, bush, and mixed garden, on the top, middle, and foot slopes.  Undisturbed soil samples were leached with distilled water as the amount of rainfall accepted in natural condition. The results showed that, land use change from forest into ecosystems of mixed garden (for over 50 years with 100% soil surface coverage and without any cultivation) and bush land (for over 20 years left) did not cause the SOM content in the profiles decreased. Amount of SOM leached from the top 0-10 cm was found greater from mixed garden, then followed by forest on the upper slope, forest on the middle slope, and bush area.Keywords: SOM leaching, land use change, tropical rain forest, bush, mixed garde
CADANGAN, KEHILANGAN, DAN AKUMULASI KARBON PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT TROPIKA
Get PDFPeat land conversion to oil palm plantation affects carbon stocks and can change a net sink of atmospheric carbon (C) into a net source. The influence of location, type of peat, drainage practices and fertilization is insufficiently known. A study was conducted in West Aceh from May 2008 until October 2009  in oil palm plantations of various age.  Carbon stocks and  C loss were calculated from data of bulk density (BD), ash content, carbon content, and peat depth. A new method for C loss estimates using ash as internal tracer was developed and tested. Peat land characteristics after drainage and conversion to oil palm plantation were investigated by field observation and laboratory analysis of peat soil samples in the laboratory. Results showed that: 1) Distance from the drain influences the rates of: a) water table depth, b) subsidence, with rates of 1,1  to 9,2 cm/year and 22.67 – 57.23% influence of C loss, and c) soil carbon loss. 2) Ash content and bulk density of the peat are related, indicating the partial loss of soil C during compaction. 3) An “internal tracer†estimate of peat C loss yields estimates of CO2 flux up to 48 t CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 for young oil palm, highly correlated with measured rates of subsidence of the surface and water table depth. 4) Patterns of weight loss of surface litter, measured in litter bags, respond to inherent quality (C/N). Some data for oil palm on shallow peat suggest that a net sink for C can be maintained under such conditions.Key words: Carbon stock, carbon loss, carbon accumulation,  oil palm, tropical pea
KARAKTERISTIK SORPSI DAN DESORPSI FOSFAT PADA OXISOL DENGAN PENDEKATAN KINETIK
Get PDFThe phosphorous sorption and desorption characteristics were studied in Oxisols Padang Siantah West Sumatera. The amount of P (0, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg P) was added to 1 gram soil and incubated for 0.04 days (1 hour) , 0.125 days (3 h), 0.25 days (6 h), 0.375 days (9 h), 1,3, 6, 9, 18 dan 36 days. A completely factorial design in triple replication was set up. The results of P sorption and desorption experiment showed that Oxisol had very high sorption with time until 99 from added P. P desorption maximum at the time was 3 days with sorption value 1,67 % from added P.
Keywords : Oxisol, Fe and Al oksides, P sorption, P desorption, time of reaction
SITEM PERSIAPAN LAHAN DAN PEMBERIAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BUDIDAYA JAGUNG DI LAHAN KERING
Get PDFLand preparation and organic matter application was chosen as an alternative to improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in increasing yield of maize. The field experiment was conducted in Koto Baru Simalanggang, Lima Puluh Kota Regency,  West Sumatra, in the dry season 2007.  The treatments consist of three types of land preparation ( no tillage, direct composting in the area, and strip tillage)  and two levels of organic matter application  ( 0 and 2 t/ha). Objectives of the experiment were to observe the effect of land preparation methods and organic matter application on growth and yield of maize in the upland area. Results of the experiment showed that, land preparation types did not give significant effect on all parameter  observed. Application of organic matter 2 t/ha had increased cob length, number of seed per row, and yield of maize.  Maize yield was about 6.07 t/ha without and 6.85 t/ha with organic matter application.  Key Words   : Land preparation System, Organic  Matter Application,  Maize , Upland Area
PREDIKSI EROSI DAN SEDIMENTASI PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS DANAU LIMAU MANIS PADA DAS KURANJI KOTA PADANG
Get PDFErosion prediction and sedimentation measurement in sub-watershed Danau Limau Manis was conducted to predict erosion and sedimentation from several land uses there, as well as to find out other types of land use being able to reduce erosion as tolerated one.   Methods used for this research was divided into {1) soil map analyses(topography and land use), rainfall data, (2) survey and soil sampling in the field, (3) soil analyses in laboratory, and (4) data analyses using erosion model “USLE†and “Sediment Delivery Ratioâ€.  The results showed that there 4 types of land use (mixed garden, settlement, farming, and bush) having erosion higher than tolerated erosion(etol).  This was due to low plant density and many areas open, therefore, rainfall will directly struck soil aggregates causing dispersion. To eliminate or reduce the erosion rate into etol could be done by “agroecotechnology conservationâ€method.  That is by increasing plant density,  changing bush land into garden so that the crop coefficient will became 0.001.  While at settlement area, it should be planted by perennial trees, built terrace and water ditch.  Garden and bush land contributed highest amount of sediment, however it can be reduced if agroecotechnology conservation method is applied.Key word: watershed, erosion, sedimentatio
LAJU DEKOMPOSISI SPESIES TANAMAN PENGAKUMULASI KALSIUM (CA) TINGGI DAN RENDAH DI DAERAH HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS SUPER BASAH PADANG SUMATRA BARAT
Get PDFStudy on decomposition rate of accumulating and excluder tree species of calsium (Ca) was conducted in a super wet tropical rain forest in Gadut Mountain Padang West Sumatra. The purposes of the study were : (1) to understand the rate of decomposition of biomass of Ca accumulating and excluder tree species, (2) to understand the effect of slope position (ridge, midle and lower slope) on decomposition rate within the study plot and (3) to understand the amount of nutrient release to soil ecosystem within certain period. The result of this study showed that the higher decompoisition rate among two species was Eugenia sp, as Ca accumlating tree species which grew at lower slope. Six months after decomposition, 1 ton dry biomass of Eugenia sp contributed 6,8 kg N, 0,4 kg P, 4,12 kg K, 38,76 kg Ca, and 2,1 kg Mg in to the soil. This amount might keep an equilibrium of soil nutreint balance to support the forest ecosystem. However, for one ton dry mass of Lithocarpus korthalsii sp as Ca exluder tree species, after 6 months decomposition, contributed 9,4 kg N, 1,1 kg P, 4,61 kg K, 3,76 kg Ca and 0,54 kg Mg. This indicates that Ca acumulating tree species contributed more Ca compared to Ca excluder tree species in this forest ecosystem. Keywords: Accumulating tree sp., exluder tree sp., decomposition rate, super wet and tropical rain forest