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TINGKAT KESUBURAN DAN REKOMENDASI PEMUPUKAN N, P, DAN K TANAH SAWAH KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN
Get PDFAn alternatif way to determine soil fertility level as well as to recommend fertilizer application is by using soil test kit. The kit can measure P and K status of soils as well as the pH value. The research was aimed to evaluate soil fertility level of paddy soil and to determine fertilizer recommendation for rice (variety ? IR64) having 5 t mill-dry seeds/ha at the soil in Kedurang Ilir and Seginim, South Bengkulu. Soil samples were collected in 24 villages in the area, then they were analyzed using the Test Kit. The results showed that (1) fertility level of paddy soil in Seginim was higher than that in Kedurang Ilir, (2) there were 4 packages of fertilizer doses (250- 100-100; 200-75-100; 250-50-100; 200-100-100 kg/ha for Urea-SP36-KCl, respectively) recommended in Kedurang Ilir, (3) there were 7 packages of fertilizer doses (250-100-100; 200-50-100; 250-75-100; 200-100-75; 200-75-100; 200-100-100; 250-50-100 kg/ha for Urea, SP36, and KCl, respectively) in Seginim.Key Words: paddy soil, fertility, soil test ki
PEMODELAN EROSI SERTA PREDIKSI ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DAN HARA PADA SUB DAS BUKIT TINDAWAN DAS KURANJI KOTA PADANG
Get PDFLand use change from agricultural land into non-agricultural land such as for industries, streets, and others has increased erosion impact, nutrient and sediment in a watershed. That process had caused land degradation in a watershed, therefore, land productivity will decrease and even will cause flood during rainy season and drought during dry season. In order to find out what will happen if land use change takes part, a software using BASIC language was arranged. This software is aimed to simulate erosion process easier. This software uses USLE and Snyder in predicting erosion. Additionally, this software is also able to predict sediment delivery.Keywords : Software conservation, language BASIC
PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA TANAH PSAMMENT DENGAN PEMULSAAN ORGANIK DAN OLAH TANAH KONSERVASI PADA BUDIDAYA JAGUNG
Get PDFA research about amelioration of psycho-chemical of Psamment by using organic mulch and techniques of conservation tillage on corn growth had been conducted in 2009. Field experiment was located in Korong Olo Bangau, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency. The general objective of the research was to improve fertility of Psamment and to find out the best tillage practice for corn growth based on soil and water conservation rules. The treatment consisted of two factors (3 x 5) which was designed in RBD. The first factor was tillage (No till, Minimum till, convensional till) and the second factor was mulch source (without mulch, Tithonia, Chromolaena, rice straw, and corn straw). Parameters analysed were either soil physical (moisture, BD, total pore, aggregation) or chemical (pH, N, P, and K) properties, as well as crop production. The result showed that both treatments were able to improve soil-physico-chemical properties of Psamment and corn yield. The value of BD decreased, soil organic mattere, total pore, and aggregation increased. Then, the soil pH as well as available P and K tended to increase. The highest yield (dry seeds) was found from combination between minimum tillage and tithonia mulch.Keywords: sifat fisiko-kimia, Psamment, mulksa, olah tanah konservasi, jagung
PENGARUH BERBAGAI EKSTRAK AKAR DALAM STIMULASI INFEKSI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA) PADA Tithonia diversifolia
Get PDFIn the first stage of arbuscular-mycorrhiza (AMF) fungi development on plant roots showed that root exudates, is a substance that determines the success of the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis. This secondary metabolites produced is intended to keep mold growth during the phase preinfection. Therefore, it is interesting to know whether to add the root extract of the plant could enhance CMA fungal infection in its host plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of root extract can stimulate CMA infection at the root and its influence on the growth of Tithonia diversifolia. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, and continued with advanced test DNMRT at level 5%. The treatments assayed were: control, Tris-HCl buffer pH 7 (A), root extract of weed Imperata cylindrica (B); root extract of taro (C), and root extract of cassava (D). Base on the results obtained we concluded that the extract of the roots of weeds, taro and cassava does not give effect to the increased growth of Tithonia. However, the roots extract stimulated and had influenced on the percentage and intensity of AMF infection at the root of Tithonia and the number of spores obtained in the rhizosphere of Tithonia. In this case the root extract of taro showed the best stimulatory effect of infection with the percentage and intensity of infection are 99.3% and 30.59% consecutively with the number of spores found reach 113 spores/ 100 g soil.Key words: Stimulation, arbuscular-mycorrhiza, root extract, Tithonia diversifoli
SURVAI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK TANAMAN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L) SEBAGAI TANAMAN KONSERVASI DI KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA SUMATERA BARAT
Get PDFThe research was aimed to determine land suitability for manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) as a type of conservative crops in seven regions in District of Lima Puluh Kota. Survey method with purposive random sampling was employed at this study. Soil samples were randomly taken in each region for the physical and chemical analyses in laboratory. Secondary data for climate were obtained at Agriculture Department of the District. Both soil and climate data were arranged and interpreted for manggis growth requirement. The result showed that actual land suitability for each region was classified into S2-S3, with limiting factors were availability of plant nutrients and water, as well as topography. However, by improving soil fertility through OM application as well as soil conservation action, potential land suitability could be increased to be S2-S1 as in Guguk and Bukit Barisan.Keywords: land suitability, soil conservation, manggi
PENGARUH RANCANGAN BARISAN DAN PERIODE PANGKAS TERHADAP BIOMASA DAN HASIL UNSUR HARA TITONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA ULTISOL
Get PDFA field research about cultivating tithonia (Tithonia divesifolia) was aimed to determine the best row design and trimming period to produce high biomass and nutrient content of tithonia in Ultisol. The research was conducted in Andalas University Experiment Station and Laboratory of Research Center for Utilization of Nuclear Science and Technology (P3IN) Universitas Andalas Limau Manis Padang. The research consisted of 2 factors, row design for tithonia cultivation at farming site (R) (R1=alley fence, 1 m width times 5 m distance; R2 = 1 m width as a fence for farming site 10 m x 10 m area) as the main plot and trim period (U) (U1=trimming every 2 month, U2=trimming every 4 months), at 3 blocks The results showed that both row designs gave the same performance in terms of producing biomass and plant nutrients (N,P,K,Ca,Mg). The best trimming period was found under U1. Tithonia cultivation as R1 combined with trimming period (U1) yielded approximately 2.2 ton dry matter/ha, 62.82 kg N/ha; 17.67 kg P/ha; 81.06 kg K/ha 13.35 kg Ca/ha and 5.47kg Mg/ha. Both row designs with trimming period every 2 months could be recommended to cultivate tithonia in Ultisol.Key Words: Tithonia diversifolia cultivation, trim period, Ultiso
APLIKASI KOMPOS TITONIA DAN JERAMI TERHADAP PENGURANGAN INPUT PUPUK BUATAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI
Get PDFA research about “Application of Tithonia and rice straw compost on reduction of commercial fertilizer application and it effects on rice production†has been conducted in Sicincin, 2x11 Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman Region as well as in Soil Laboratory Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, Padang.  This research was conducted from January until May 2009.  The objective of this research was to evaluate effect of titonia and rice straw compost application at intensification rice field on rice production and reduction of commercial fertilizer use.  A field research was allocated based on Randomized Block Design with 6 treatments, those were: A= Farmer Tradition Input (200 kg Urea ha-1+ 200 kg SP-36 ha-1);B=Recomended Input (R= 200 kg Urea ha-1+ 100 kg SP-36 ha-1+ 75 kg KCl ha-1); C= Application of Compost (5  ton rice straw ha-1) +  100% Recommendation Input (Urea + KCl + SP-36); D= Application of Compost (5 ton rice straw ha-1) +  Urea 200 kg ha-1,without KCl + P-starter 10 kg SP-36 ha-1; E= Application of Compost (Titonia 2,5 ton ha-1 + rice straw 2,5 ton ha-1) + Urea 75 % (R) (150 kg ha-1), withou KCl, and P-starter 10 kg SP-36 ha-1; F= Application of Compost (Titonia 2,5 ton ha-1 + 2,5 rice straw ton ha-1) + Urea 50 % (R) (100 kg ha-1), without KCl,and P-starter 10 kg SP-36 ha-1. Data from field research were statistically analysed.  If the F-calculated was significantly different, they would be further analysed using LSD (5%).  The results showed that application of  rice straw-titonia mix compost on intensification rice field could reduce commercial fertilizer by 50 kg Urea ha-1 (=25% Recommendation), and 75 kg KCl ha-1and 100 kg SP-36 ha-1 (100% recommendation) with increasing yield by 1.1 ton ha-1 Harvested Dry Yield (GKP) and 1.03 t/ha Mill Dry Yield (GKG).  If it was compared to fertilization based on farmer tradition, application of  rice straw-titonia mix compost on intensification rice field could reduce commercial fertilizer by 50 kg Urea ha-1 (25% R), and 190 kg SP-36 ha-1 (95% ).Keywords: compost, fertilizers, intensification,  rice  straw, titonia
PEMANFAATAN AKAR Tithonia diversifolia TERINFEKSI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA SEBAGAI INOKULUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG
Get PDFTithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) has been known as shrubs having potential as a green manure crop. Its growth exceeding legume in poor soil nutrients is strongly influenced by mycorhyzosphere. This study tried to use infected root of tithonia as innoculant of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The purpose of this research was to study the effect of a given amount of root of tithonia as AMF innoculants on the growth and yield of maize.  The study was designed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replicates. The treatment used in this experiment was amount of innoculum consisting of 4 levels: without innoculum (0 g), 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g of innoculum per pot.  The results obtained showed that tithonia roots infected with AMF could be used as innoculum.  It also caused plant height, dry weight of straw, and P- uptake by crops significantly increased. The use of 20 g of innoculum was the best treatment in this experiment which could increase the weight of dry maize straw to 69.67 g per pot which was significantly different from treatment without innoculation. At the same treatment was also found that the best nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake was determined on straw. Innoculation of AMF using tithonia roots affected the increase in frequency and intensity of infection and numbers of spores found in maize rhizosphere.Keywords: arbuscular-mycorrhiza, innoculation, maize, production, tithoni
KAJIAN LONGSOR AKIBAT GEMPA DI NAGARI TANDIKEK KECAMATAN PARTAMUAN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN SUMATERA BARAT, INDONESIA
Get PDFEarthquacke on 30th of September 2009 in West Sumatra had ruined Padang Pariaman, Agam, and Padang city districts.  The damage was not only caused by the earthquake itself but also due to the landsliding following the earthquake, such as in Tandikek.   Hundreds of people, houses, buildings, schools, as well as agricultural land (ricefield and dryland farming) were burried in Lubuk Laweh, Kepala Koto and Cumanak.  This research was conducted by employing survey method and by observing the phenomenon of tuff pumice on how it was affected by earthquake and water.  Then, soil characteristics were analysed based on soil physical data from previous research.  Several soil characteristics analysed were soil texture, bulk density, structure and depth of solum, organic matter content, and permeability.  Land characteristics were determined through field visit.  Some land condition being observed was slope (percentage and length), stone exposed, soil water depth, and land use.  Additionally, besides from field visit, the data were also obtained from topography and morphology maps derived from Google Earth.  Rainfall data (monthly and annually) were collected from several nearby meteorology stations.  Analyses for degree of landsliding risks for an area were used soil and land characteristics criteria causing landsliding.  Based on field visit, it was seen that the research area was still susceptible to landsliding.  This was due to the parent materials of the soil deriving from tuff pumice which is crumb structure and loamy texture on the top layer.  Climate, especially annual rainfall in study site was high enough (approximately 4322 mm) which was evently distributed all year long without dry month.    Slope of the area was > 45%, especially areas hit by landsliding.  Land use was not based on soil conservation rule, such as coconut and arenga pinneca, and other mixed trees were planted on the area having > 45% slope.  The results of the soil characteristic analyses  showed that HARKAT interval of lansliding threat was 13 and land characteristics showed 20.  Summation of HARKAT values from soil and land characteristics was 33.  This number showed that the study site had high degree of landsliding risk.  The possibility of areas would be hit by lansliding were Partamuan, Koto Timur,  Sungai Geringging, and around Maninjau lake.Keywords : earthquake, soil and land characteristics, tuff pumice, wet tropica
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN Tithonia diversifolia TERHADAP INOKULASI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA)
Get PDFThe success of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plants was determined by three main factors namely by edaphic factors (environment), genetic and physiological plants and fungi. In this study AMF inoculations were attempted in Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) which is known as Mexican sunflower that is often used as a source of green manure. The purpose of this study was to find out AMF species that has the highest physiological compatibility with Tithonia and to study the effects of AMF species on Tithonia growth.  Experimental design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed the variance, if the value of F-calculated was larger than that of F-table, then the analyses were continued using DNMRT at 5% level of significance. The treatment given were: without AMF, giving inoculant Glomus manihottis, Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita and a mixture of AMF. The number of spores that are given at each treatment was 100 spores / pot.  From this study it could be concluded that Tithonia species could be infected by the inoculated AMF. AMF infection had not yet demonstrated beneficial effects for Tithonia although the frequency of infection and the number of spores on rhizosphere were also high. Inoculation of G., Glomus manihottis, G. etunicatum, and a mixture of AMF did not have a significant influence on plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, fresh and dry weight of roots. Response of Tithonia growth were shown only on the fresh weight of stems and leaves that are found with the inoculation of G. margarita.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza, growth, innoculation, Tithonia diversifolia