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DEGRADASI LAHAN PADA KEBUN CAMPURAN DAN TEGALAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA
Get PDFA research conducted in Sungai Rumbai, Dharmasraya Regency and in Soil Laboratory Andalas university was aimed to evaluate soil fertility status on the depth below 0-20 cm from several land use types , especially under Mixed Garden and annual cultivated dryland soil.  Soil samples were taken on Ultisol at 0-8% slope (late-waving soil surface).  Land use types evaluated were forest, annual cultivated dryland, bush land, rangeland covered by Imperata cylindrica and mixed garden.  Composite soil samples for soil chemical analysis were taken on the 0-20 cm soil depth with four replications, and 5 drillings for each replication.  Undisturbed soil samples by using sample ring were used to analyze sol bulk volume.  The data resulted were compared to the criteria and were statistically tested using Analysis of Variance and then were continued by LSD at 5% level.  From the results of analyses could be concluded that land use  for mixed garden had the higher Organic Carbon (OC) content and the lower bulk volume (BV) than those for annual cultivated dryland soil.Key Words: Degradasi Lahan, Kebun Campuran, Tegala
EFEK SISA DAN TAMBAHAN TITONIA TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA ULTISOL DAN HASIL TANAMAN jagung PADA MUSIM TANAM KE TIGA
Get PDFLast researchers reported that Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) could replace 25% to 50% of N and K of commercial fertilizer applied in  chili production on the first and second planting time in the Ultisols of West Sumatra.  A Continuation field experiments was conducted to find out the the appropriate NK cobination sources should be added on the third season to get the higest yield of maize. The treatments were the combination of NK T. diversifolia + NK commercial fertilizer which is maize needed. There were 9 treatmens such as A(0%+0%); B(0%+0%); C(50%+25%); D (50%+25%); E(25%+75%); F(25%+75%); G(50%%+50%); H(50%%+50%); and Control (0+100%). The results showed that integrated use 50% NK from tithonia with 25% NK from commercial fertilizer is the appropriate NK combination to get the higest yield (5ton ha-1)of  maize on the third season in Ultisols, if on the first season for chili planting time have reseived as 50% + 50% and on the second season for chili planting as much 25%+75% NK from titonia and NK from commercial fertilizerKey Words : Ultisols, tithonia, cor
EKSTRAKSI BAHAN HUMAT DARI BATUBARA (SUBBITUMINUS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN 10 JENIS PELARUT
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to extract sub-bituminous coals for obtaining humic substances by using 10 kinds of extract solutions. Â The best and effective solution was investigated and also the characteristics of humic substances soluble in those solution. Â Complete Randomize Design was used to find out the effect of treatments. Â Two types of coals were taken from Pasaman and Sawahlunto and the ten kinds of extract solutions were 0.1 N NaOH, 0.5 N NaOH, 0.1 M Na2CO3, 0.5 Na2CO3, 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 M Formic Acid, 0.1 M Oxalic Acid, 0.025 N HF, Ethanol 70 %, and Ethanol 90 %. Â Results of this laboratory experiment showed that all ten extraction solutions had the ability to extract humic substances but in different amount. Â The best solution that could be used effectively was 0.5 N NaOH. Â This solution could extract 31.5 % of humic substances from Pasaman Sub-bituminous coals, but only 15.4 % could be extracted from that of Sawahlunto. Â Infra Red Spectrometer was also used to identify the characteristics of functional groups appear on those humic substances extracted.Key Words: humic acid, coa
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH DAS SUMPUR BAGIAN HULU KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Get PDFA research about study of soil physical properties in upper part of Sumpur Watershed in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra was conducted in 2005.  The objective of the research was to supply information about soil physical properties in the upper part of Sumpur watershed.  These data are important to predict the erosion that can happen in that area and the impact to the surrounding area.  Survey method with purposive random sampling was employed to this research for sampling soil in the field.  Soil was sampled from each land use randomly.  There were four types of land use found in the area, those were forest, mixed wood, annual season crops, and rice field.  Based on field observation it was found that  there were two classes of soils there, Andisols and Inceptisols.  The results of laboratory analyses showed that soil texture in Andisols was silt loam, it was the same for each land use.  Soil texture in Inceptisols, however, was finer than that in Andisols, it was clay.  Bulk volume and total pores of both Andisol and Inceptisol for each land use were not yet different from those in the forest land use.  Then, the value for plant available water, drainage pores, and water retaining pores in each land use for both soils were still comparable to those in forest and use.   However, soil organic carbon (OC) content tended to decrease as land use change from forest to mixed wood, annual season crops, and rice field at both soils except for mixed wood land use in Inceptisol.  The soil OC in that land use was slightly higer than that in the forest.  Key Words: land use, soil OC, soil physical propertie
LAND USE PLANNING AND LAND EVALUATION OF THE UPPER CATCHMENT AREA OF BATANG HARI RIVER
Get PDFThe upper catchment of Batang Hari river in this report is define for the areas of Batang Hari at the end point of Batang Hari Irrigation scheme project at the village of Teluk Kayu Putih of district of Tebo of the Jambi Province up to the Twin lake Of Danau Diateh in the inland areas of Batang Hari river. Covered the areas about 695.400ha which divide to the sixth of sub catchment ie; Momong (41.750ha); Bt. Hari (184.340ha); Sangir (128.660ha); Siat about 45.100ha with divided into small catchment of the Siat river tributaries which main Siat tributary (32.800ha), Piruko/Palangko tributary (7.300ha), Mimpi tributary (5.000ha); Jujuhan (187.300ha) and Pangian (108.250ha). Detail of information showed at Fig. 1 and table 1. Except of sub catchment of Momong, Jujuhan and Pangian, three tributaries already used for irrigation water. The new construction of dam for irrigation scheme are located after joint tributaries of Sangir which flow from Lake Rawa Banto of Mount Krinci and Batang Hari tributary which flow from Lake DiAteh. The length of each main stream Sangir and batang Hari is 118 km and the total length of tributaries conducted of both tributaries is 603km.
Based on the hydrological point of view Sangir tributaries is important because these areas high in the annual rainfall. The amount of precipitation of station Liki, Pinang Awan and lubuak Gadang has recorded more than 4000mm annually. The areas could be grouped to the Zone Agroclimatic A of Oldelman. Batang Hari tributaries which average annual precipitation less than 2500mm, these amount is average value of station Alahan Panjang, Surian, and Muaro labuh which each station are differ in the agroclimatic zone, Zone agroclimate C2, D1, and B1 for Alahan Panjang, Surian and Muaro Labuh respectively. The old river terrace of Batang Hari which developed for irrigation scheme has covered the areas on 20000ha conducted areas along the old river terrace of Batang Hari which parts of Siat, Piruko/Palangko, and Mimpi up to the old terrace at cross of the tributary of Jujuhan which main stream. Different elevation between old river terrace with inland areas both Rawa Banto of Sangir and Lake Diateh of Batang Hari is 1300m.
Hydrological data of river water discharge by used the value 90% of run off data, which calculate base on the average annual rainfall multiplication by the wide of catchment. These value are not significant different which average 18 years data from 1975-1993 of Automatic Water Level Recording (AWLR). In the value 277m3/det and 284m3/det for average value of AWLR and 90% of runoff value respectively. Compare to the AWLR record in 1975 water discharge is decrease. The data of 1975 is 61% compare to runoff data or 60% compare to average data of AWLR. These indicated that the type of land use of the upper cathment already changed. The amount of discharge has decreases in the value of 40% from the average value as the effect of deforestation during the last 30 years. The hydrological condition also observed at the Siat river. The rate of deforestation could be calculated by using the value of forest contribution to the regional annual budget (PDRB). The validity of the method has needed honesty of the timber company. If the company or government official not fair, for calculation should be used correction factor 50-100 percent. Base on the PDRB data rate of deforestation has calculated in the value of 5000-7000ha/yr. related to the calculation the catchment of Siat, Mimpi, Piruko/Palangko already degraded and Siat river in the dry season especially in August conot open the water intake for irrigation as lack of water discharge.
Key words: Rain fall, water discharge, deforestation, and sustainable watershed managemen
STRONTIUM MOVEMENT INTO PROFILE OF MAURY SILT LOAM SOIL
Get PDFGroundwater pollution due to chemcal application in agriculture activities has caused much public concerns. Based on the researches having been conducted, it was resulted that chemical leaching in soil frequently showed spatial pattern. Based on the fact, a field research was conducted in Maury silt loam soil (fine, mesic, mixed, Typic Paleudalf) to evaluate spatial variety of Sr movement into and below rooting zone. Chemical material SrCl2.6H2O was evenly distributed on soil surfacein a 18 x18 m plot. Soil samples were taken 4 times (after receiving rainfall 166, 3, 586, and 1085 mm) in 54 locations within the plot. At each sampling undisturbed soil was taken from surface until 100 cm depth, then the Sr element was analyzed from each 10 cm depth. The results showed that there was no spatial pattern found for Sr movement within a 100-cm soil depth in each sampling date. Therefore, based on the analysis of variance, it was about 95% of Sr2+ found on 0-20 cm soil depth even though after receiving 1085 mm rainfall.
Key Words: groundwater pollution, agricultural chemicals, spatial structur
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH BEBERAPA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI BUKIT GAJABUIH KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG
Get PDFStudy about soil physical properties of Bukik Gajabuih Padang, the area receiving high annual rainfall (>5000 mm), was conducted at different land uses in 2006. Â The objective of this research was to measure the change of soil physical properties as forest was cut down and converted into mixed perennial plant field and into bush land. Â The results showed that changing forest area into land use for mixed perennial trees for more than 50 years increased SOM content on the top 0-20 cm, but decreased on the 20-40 cm layer. Â The highest SOM content was found under bush land. Â Therefore, the bulk densisty of the soil decreased from forest to mixed land use and to bush land. The opposite trend was found for total pores and permeability rate. Â While the plasticity index of the soil followed the clay percentage of the soil texture, it increased by increasing clay content of soil from forest into mixed field and bush land use.Key Words: Land Use Change, Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Physical Propertie
PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN AIR TERHADAP KONSENTRASI BESI (Fe) PADA SAWAH BUKAAN BARU
Get PDFRecently rice field in Ultisol has some problems, the most important thing is high concentration of Fe that can be toxic to the rice growth. The objective of this study was to determine the best water management to reduce concentration of Fe in recently rice field. The experiment was designed in completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replicates. The treatment consisted of continous water-logged, 1 week water-logged – 1 week dried, 2 weeks water-logged – 2 weeks dried, 3 weeks water-logged – 3 weeks dried, 1 week dried – 1 week water-logged, 2 weeks dried – 2 weeks water-logged, 3 weeks dried – 3 weeks water-logged. The results showed that the water management with water-logged and dried the soil could reduce Fe concentration about 720 – 1882 ppm. The best water management to reduce Fe concentration was 3 weeks water-logged – 3 weeks dried with Fe concentration in the soil was 376 ppm.
Key words : Water management, Iron, recently rice fiel
PENGARUH TANAMAN PENUTUP TANAH DAN BERBAGAI UMUR TANAMAN SAWIT TERHADAP KESUBURAN TANAH ULTISOL DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA
Get PDFThis research was aimed to evaluate fertility level of soils under different oil palm ages and the management system. This was needed to determine when oil palm and the cover crops could give the best performance in protecting soil fertility level. Lan use types studied were divided into six groups. Those were A = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 3 years old, B = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 6 years old, C = palm oil plantation without having cover crops at 6 years old, D = palm oil plantation having cover crops at 8 years old, E = palm oil plantation without having cover crops at 8 years old, F = forest ecosystem. The result showed that based on the soil bulk volume (BV) and the soil organic matter content, deforestration for oil palm plantation did not significantly decrease soil fertility status. Soil fertility level under palm oil plantation having cover crops was better than that under palm oil plantation having no cover crops. The highest soil fertility level among the land use tested was found under palm oil plantation having cover crops at six ears old. This was proved by OC content (2.21%), N, P, K content (0.12 %, 23.92 ppm dan 0.325 me/100 g, respectively) which were comparable those of forest land use. Forest had OC = 2.31 %, N = 0.11 %, P = 17.86 ppm, and K = dan 0,33 me/100 g. While, on the other hand, the bulk volume was 1.01 g/cm3 which was lower than that under other oil palm plantation.
Key Words: Tanaman Penutup Tanah, Kesuburan Tanah, Kelapa Sawi
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS C-ORGANIK DAN STABILITAS AGGREGAT TANAH KEBUN PERCOBAAN LIMAU MANIS PADANG PADA BEBERAPA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN
Get PDFOrganic matter is one of soil bonding agent in formation and stabilization of soil aggregates or soil structure.  Since it affects several other soil peorperties, soil structure is considered as a determinant for soil quality.  Therefore, depletion of organic matter content in a soil will cause soil degradation and consequently environmental pollution.  This research was aimed to determine org-C status of Ultisols Limau Manis and the relationship to aggregate stability, as affected by land use change.  The results showed that soil organic-C decreased by approximately 42% (from 9.86% to 5.75%) and by 55% (from 9.86% to 4.42%) at 0-10 cm depth and by 45% (from 3.79% to 2.09%) and 18% (from 3.79% to 3.10%) at 10-20 cm depth as land use was changed from forested ecosystem to perennial and annual crops, respectively, in Ultisols Limau Manis Padang.   There was a tendency of positive correlation between soil org-C status and the aggregate stability, or negative correlation between org–C status and the dispersion ratio (DR).  Between both depths, 10-20 cm depth showed a stronger correlation than that of 0-10 cm depth.Key words: org-C, land use change, dispersion ratio, aggregate stabilit