IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series
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Utilization of Rice Straw Waste in The Production of Crude Cellulase by Aspergillus Niger for Biodeingking Processes
Get PDFRice straw is agricultural waste that contains cellulose and has not been used optimally. The agricultural wastes contain cellulose which can be utilized for the production of cellulase enzymes. Cellulase produced from cellulose hydrolysis process in such materials through enzymatic hydrolysis. This study aimed to determine the effect of substrate type and temperature delignification on cellulase enzyme production and determine the effect of the number of additional enzymes of each substrate at biodeinking process. Variable used is the temperature used in the delignification process (100oC and 120oC), the addition of substrate (2,3,4,5,6%), additional doses of the application biodeinking (1,2,3,4,5%). Research conducted by softening rice straw to 30 mesh size media then delignification using 100 ° C and 120 ° C for 150 minutes, and fermented with Aspergillus niger in liquid inoculum, growth curves, and the crude cellulase production. The resulting crude cellulase was applied to the process biodeinking. Fieldwork results showed that at a temperature of 120oC delignification can reduce lignin content in straw was 48.7%. Highest crude cellulase activity of delignification results 120oC 4% resulting from the addition of media on the production of the enzyme activity of crude enzyme with 118.055 units / ml. Biodeinking application results showed that the addition of 3% crude cellulase with medium straw delignification results of 120oC can raise the value of paper brightness of 35.39% to 42.86% or 17:42%
Pretreatment of Sludge Milk Waste as Source Of Composting using Microbes
Get PDFAnorganic fertilizer applicatio in high concentration causes damaging in agriculture field. An alternative way to protect the soil, is using organic fertilizer (compost). Sludge milk waste as souce of composting can be used, but it has high lipid content and causes hardening on composting process. Using combination microbes such as Rhizopus oligosporous (R. oligosporous) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) in pretreatment of sludge milk waste can cause reducing of lipid content.Objective of this research is to know the influence of Rhizopus oligosporous (R. oligosporous) as anaerobic fermentation microorganism and Aspergillus niger (A.niger) as aerobic fermentation microorganism of sludge milk waste pre-treatment for further composting process, and to compare composting products against technical requirement organic compost used. The research method used is the anaerobic fermentation with addition of Rhizopus oligosporous and aerobic fermentation with Aspergillus niger. Process variables were 100 ml R. oligosporous and A. niger /3 kg sludge waste (3,33% v/w), 200 ml R.oligosporous and A. niger /3 kg sludge waste (6,67%v/w), and 300 ml R.oligosporous and A. niger /3 kg sludge waste (10%v/w) during incubation period of 72 and 96 hours. Process was continued through composted the pretreatment sludge by adding the biofertilizer and bone powder. After composting of pretreatment waste then Carbon, kalium, lipid, nitrogen, phosphate and water content were analyzed. Temperature and pH were also monitored. Results of this research shows that R. oligosporous and A. niger can reduce lipid content of sludge milk waste. The best variable is A. niger 6,67 % v/w with incubation period of 96 hours and can be proved with the lipid content of 10,44 % and reducing of lipid content per cell of microorganism as 0,00036 ppm. Composting process has enhanced 1,57 % N, 5,16 % P and 1,2% K. This compost were in accordance with the technical requirements of organic fertilizer in Indonesia
Construction the Statistics Distributions for Characterizing the Transfer Factors of Metals from Soil to Plant (TFsp) Using Bayesian Method
Get PDFPlants have the faculty of levy the metals in the soil. The consumption of this plants can represent in some situations a health risk to be assessed. The transfer of contaminants from soil to food crops is a major route connecting the soil contamination to human exposure. The Transfer Factors Soil-Plant (TFsp) (the ratio between the concentration of contaminants in plants and the concentration of contaminants in the soil) is a value commonly used in the assessment of exposure and health risks. This research use the BAPPET database (database contents the informations of elements metal traces plants and vegetables). The goal of this research is for define the variable that influent the variability of TFsp and for characterizing their effects from their posteriors distributions using bayesian methods, Metropolis-Hastings. There are 3 metals (Cd, As and Pb), 4 plant types (leaf, fruit, root and tuber) and 2 analysis (using 4 plant types and 3 plant types, without tuber) with 4 models of analysis of varians (ANOVA, using normal and lognormal distribution for likelihood) that used in this research. The results of analysis for 4 plant types is chosing the model II with lognormal distribution for likelihood (yi ~ LN(µi, σi2)) for the best model and for 3 plant types is chosing the model IV with lognormal distribution for likelihood (yi ~ LN(µi, σ2), µi = µ + αi + Bj + δk, Bj ~ N(0, σB2)) for the best model. The contains of metal Cd, As and Pb in leaf has the highest risk for the health because that has the biggest posterior mean of TFsp
Development of Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Air Temperature and Soil Moisture on Crops
Get PDFCrops including the types of plants that can be grown in dry areas. In dry areas as development land crops, humans attempt to make this by doing irrigation. However, if the amount of water given too much will cause the plants rot and crop failures. Therefore, necessary irrigation system that can be monitored periodically by the farmers to avoid such problems. Wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor land crops. By using the temperature and humidity sensors and soil moisture sensors, soil will be monitored regularly every hour. Data resulting from sensor readings are sent to the database using the GPRS network. The results showed that the prototype of a wireless sensor network on crops have been successfully developed
Strength and Ductility of RC Columns Retrofitted by FRP under Cyclic Loading
Get PDFRapid increasing of population and limited city area as well as better awareness on the green open area of the city, which is ideally about 30 percent, have forced the development of the buildings vertically. The increasing number of high-rise buildings and skyscrapers are the evidence that the development of the buildings in the cities of Indonesia are heading towards the over-ground space. However, the vertical development is known to be highly vulnerable to earthquake hazard. The revised Indonesian seismic map has increased the seismic load in most of the seismic zones in Indonesia. To create a safe and healthy city, a comprehensive urban planning and design is required. A good urban planning and code-based design must also be adopted to assure a safe building structure for the dwellers. This study is intended to observe the possibility of using alternative materials to improve the performance of the existing buildings which have not followed the existing earthquake-resistant building code through the implementation of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrap on structural members. The strength and ductility enhancements of the columns retrofitted with external confinement using FRP are found when compared with the unconfined control column. The results indicated that the maximum loads of each confined columns have increased by 33.52, 54.97, 36.61, and 40.73 percent, respectively, for columns C-1G, C-1C, C-1RC, and C-1RG. The ductility of columns C-1C and C-1G have increased by 122.73 and 53.30 percent, but decreased by 15.24 and 66.31 for columns C-1RG and C-1RC when compared with the unconfined control column C-1, respectively. This is due to the unintended premature failure at the upper end of the column C-1G and an indication that the secondary fiber direction which was placed vertically has contributed to the longitudinal steel of C-1RC in increasing its capacity
The Application of Neural Network for Predicting Corrotion Rate in Metal Pipe Installation
Get PDFCorrotion is one of the problems that must be considered in the metal pipe installation because it can disturb the operation of the plant. The possibility of the corrotion occurrence can be predicted using neural network system. The black box system in the neural network can be used to calculate several potential causes the corrotion and to predict the corrotion rate. This study had constructed the prediction system of corrotion rate using neural network. The input of the system are material compositions, pH, flow rate and temperature. The material compositions which are used are Carbon (C), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chromium (Cr), Molybdenum (Mo), Aluminium (Al), Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe). The corrotion rate prediction network is using one hidden layer and lavenberg marquardt for the learning algorithm. The Mean Square Error (MSE) which is used to analyze the network performance indicates that both of training and validation show excellence results. The MSE of training is 0,000338971 and the validation is 0,000493117
Design and Implementation of Inventory Domain for Enterprise Resource Planning Using SOA and Workflow Approach
Get PDFEnterprise resource planning (ERP) is a business management system which integrates several domains of enterprise business processes. Among several ERP domains, inventory is one of the basic requirement domains of an enterprise. Inventory holds three important functionalities, i.e., stock request, delivery, and stock control. In this paper, we have designed inventory domain using Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) to accommodate data communication between inventory domain and other ERP domains by providing services and employed Workflow approach to automate business process in inventory domain. The implementation confirms that our design has successfully accommodated the business processes in inventory domain. In term of technology, Workflow approach is beneficial to develop inventory domain application which is responsive to sub business process changes. In addition, the usage of SOA makes the developed inventory domain application is capable to provide services to be consumed by the other ERP domains
Design and development of Web-Based Information System for The Batik Industry
Get PDFAn Information system is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. Some industries need web-based information system. Information system for the batik industry is designed to process data such as text, image, and produce information. The planning of web-based information systems needs a proactive review of the capabilities of the Internet technology to serve the particular needs of the firm and its customers. Process steps for designing the batik industry information system are software architecture, algorithm, data structure, and interface representations. The results show that the web-based information system that designed in this research is implemented successfully
Female Body Anthropometric Variation and Breakthrough in Anthropology for Digital Modelling
Get PDFPlastic reconstructive and aesthetic surgery has emerged to meet the challenge of improving body size and shape. Currently, body reconstruction in Indonesia refers to Caucasian parameters which may not be applicable. Moreover, patients cannot comprehend the surgeon’s prediction of the surgical outcome visually making it more difficult for the surgeon to describe the operative result. Reseach Objective is understanding the supernormal body concept in Indonesia, describing variation of normal and supernormal body indexes of Indonesians as a formulation base and to make a 3D digital modeling of normal and supernormal person. These models will be used as guidance for planning and predicting the reconstruction - aesthetic surgery in body contouring and as assisting tool for giving information visually to patients. Reseach method using applied study. Questionnaires were distributed to a hundred male and female adults respondent to obtain the concept of Indonesian normal and supernormal bodies. The Body model are 17-25 years old and then divided into 2 groups, normal and supernormal by expert juries assessment. The data of body index anthropometry were presented in tables, charts, and narration to describe normal and supernormal morphologic variations, then results between the 2 groups were compared statistically by t-test and discriminant test. Anthropometric and photographic data were used for making normal and supernormal 3D digital woman models. Criteria of body attractiveness by questionnaire were bright skin color, tallness, slimness, hour glass body shape, muscular arms, medium sized shoulders, hip, waist, breasts and buttocks, wide chest and slender legs. There were significant differences in body measurement between normal-supernormal and distinguishing parameters between normal -supernormal groups by discriminant test including chest dimension index, waist hip ratio, triceps skinfold and leg length. There were two 3D digital woman models for both normal and supernormal subjects which had measurements approximating the average values of each group
Analysis of Buttering Method on Mechanical Properties Welded Material Low Carbon Steel
Get PDFIn manufacturing, especially offshore, welding is one of the joining processes (steel) with very tight specification. Preparation time (fitting) both steel material which will be connected, especially when the material cutting process does not allow for mistakes, so when they do tuning of both material be spliced happen distance (gap) in excess of the standard, then the buttering method that does not eat a lot of time, wasted materials and dimensions of objects so it still makes tolerance in otherwise require. Buttering is the adding process of material in welding. It is applied on one or both sides to be connected, with the aim of giving the distance (gap) between the two materials will be in connection with welding processes meet the requirements of the standard (ASME Sec IX, 2010)1. This study aimed to indicate the effect of the buttering in welding. And the variety of wide buttering is 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. Material will be joined with welding process Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). In the test, material is low carbon steel type SA 36. Tests performed were tensile test, impact test, and the test macro etching. By those tests, will be Investigated what the differences between welding without buttering and with buttering. And the final results showed the addition of wide buttering decreased tensile strength, which declines in linear: buttering width 10 mm = 413.47 MPa , buttering width 15 mm = 397.48 MPa , buttering width 20 mm = 390.07 MPa. In impact strength, it increased, which increasing linear: width 10 mm = 1.82 J/mm², 15 mm width buttering = 1.90 J/mm², 20 mm width buttering = 1.94 J/mm². And in macro test, it was shown that a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in buttering spread larger than HAZ in material without buttering