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Per motivi di studio e conservazione: padre Albino Varotti, studioso e compositore in formazione continua
No full textThis paper examines a specific aspect of the work of Albino Varotti (1925-2018), the Franciscan friar (OFM Conv.), composer, and conductor who also engaged in the field of musicology. Namely, it focuses on the materials from the Bologna collection at S. Francesco designated as being «for the purposes of study and preservation» that he employed for about fifty years. This designation reveals an original approach to musical practice, conceived as an interplay of composition, philological research, teaching, and a commitment to safeguarding musical heritage – particularly its lesser-known components. The transcriptions and studies carried out by Varotti – on predominantly, though not exclusively, sacred music that had often rarely been studied or remained anonymous – show that he approached preservation as a creative act capable of transforming memory into a tool for innovation. From this perspective, Varotti can be seen as both a custodian and mediator of tradition, offering a model in which the act of safeguarding the past becomes a resource for present and future scholarship.Il saggio prende in esame un aspetto specifico dell’opera di padre Albino Varotti (1925-2018) OFM conv., compositore, direttore e figura attiva anche in àmbito musicologico. L’attenzione si concentra sui materiali del fondo bolognese in S. Francesco contrassegnati dalla dicitura «per motivi di studio e conservazione», che egli impiegò per circa cinquant’anni. Questa formula rivela un approccio originale alla pratica musicale, intesa come intreccio tra composizione, ricerca filologica, attività didattica e impegno nel preservare il patrimonio, in particolare quello meno noto. Le trascrizioni e gli studi condotti da Varotti, su musiche prevalentemente ma non esclusivamente sacre, spesso poco note o anonime, mostrano come egli ritenesse la conservazione un atto creativo, capace di trasformare la memoria in strumento di innovazione. In questa prospettiva, Varotti si configura come custode e mediatore della tradizione, offrendo un modello in cui la salvaguardia del passato diventa risorsa per il presente e per la ricerca futura
Il Carteggio fra Giosue Carducci e Giuseppe Chiarini nell’Edizione Nazionale delle Opere
No full textThe first part of the essay illustrates the structure of the new edition of the correspondence between Carducci and Chiarini, highlighting its philological and exegetical complexity. It also emphasizes the nature of their exchange and relationship, showing how, despite his deference toward his illustrious friend, Chiarini displays freedom of judgment and literary independence, ultimately developing a poetics of his own. The second part of the essay retraces the years of correspondence covered in the first volume, Carteggio Carducci-Chiarini (1855-1862), sketching a portrait of the interlocutors, underscoring the stylistic features of their letters, and revisiting their main themes and the ways they shifted over time, between intellectual dialogue and everyday life. La prima parte del saggio illustra la struttura e l’impianto della nuova edizione del carteggio fra Carducci e Giuseppe Chiarini, mettendone in luce la complessità filologica ed esegetica; sottolinea, inoltre, la natura paritaria dello scambio epistolare e del rapporto fra i due, ed evidenzia come, nonostante la soggezione nei confronti dell’illustre amico, Chiarini mostri libertà di giudizio e indipendenza sul piano letterario, giungendo infine a elaborare una poetica autonoma rispetto a quella carducciana. La seconda parte del saggio ripercorre gli anni di corrispondenza coperti dal primo volume del Carteggio Carducci-Chiarini (1855-1862), tratteggiando il profilo dei due interlocutori, evidenziando le peculiarità stilistiche delle lettere e ripercorrendone i temi portanti e il loro modificarsi nel corso del tempo, tra dialogo intellettuale e condivisione del quotidiano.
Nel cantiere delle Rime di Petrarca: Carducci e il commento di Silvano da Venafro
No full textIn 1876, Carducci published Francesco Petrarca’s Rime sopra argomenti storici morali e diversi with publisher Francesco Vigo of Livorno, while in 1899, together with Severino Ferrari, he published it in its entirety with publisher Sansoni of Florence, based on the newly rediscovered autograph, the Vaticano latino manuscript 3195. During these decades of study, Carducci worked tirelessly on the text of Rerum vulgarium fragmenta. Further evidence of this can be found in the autograph notes preserved on at least three of the editions of the Canzoniere kept in his library in Bologna. Here, we will study the annotations made by Carducci on the first volume of Francesco Petrarca’s Rime with commentary by Tassoni del Muratori and others, published in Padova in 1826-1827. Carducci’s notes are all derived from Silvano da Venafro’s commentary of 1533. The aim is therefore to catalog and analyze Carducci’s glosses on these pages, so as to retrace, also through his quick notes, the preparatory stages of his long work on Petrarca’s Rime. Nel 1876 Carducci consegnava alle stampe l’edizione delle Rime di Francesco Petrarca sopra argomenti storici morali e diversi per i tipi di Francesco Vigo di Livorno, mentre nel 1899, insieme con Severino Ferrari, pubblicava interamente le Rime con Sansoni di Firenze, a partire dal neo-riscoperto autografo, il manoscritto Vaticano latino 3195. In questi decenni di studio, Carducci lavorò instancabilmente al testo dei Rerum vulgarium fragmenta. Ne sono ulteriore testimonianza le postille autografe conservate su almeno tre delle stampe del Canzoniere custodite presso la sua biblioteca bolognese. In questa sede, saranno oggetto di studio le annotazioni apposte da Carducci sul primo dei volumi delle Rime di Francesco Petrarca col commento del Tassoni del Muratori e di altri edito a Padova nel biennio 1826-1827. Le note carducciane derivano tutte dal commento di Silvano da Venafro del 1533. L’intento è dunque quello di censire e analizzare le glosse di Carducci depositate su queste pagine, così da ripercorrere, anche attraverso le sue rapide note, le fasi preparatorie del suo lungo lavoro sulle Rime di Petrarca. 
Il culto di Dante in Italia: Carducci e le lezioni del 1887-1888
No full textThe essay offers an excerpt from the critical edition of a group of Dante-themed lessons by Carducci. Starting from the poet’s autographs, whose transcription is provided along with critical apparatus, it briefly retraces the relationship between the two authors and the role Dante played in Carducci’s life and in his production, culminating in a commentary that investigates both the poet’s library and his method. Il contributo propone un estratto del lavoro di edizione critica svolto su un fascicolo di lezioni a tema dantesco di Carducci professore universitario. A partire dalle carte autografe del poeta, di cui si fornisce la trascrizione, corredata di apparato critico, si ripercorre brevemente il rapporto tra i due autori e il ruolo che Dante ebbe nella vita e nella produzione carducciana, per culminare in un commento al testo che indaghi tanto la biblioteca dello studioso quanto il suo metodo di lavoro. 
Development and Estimation of Weighted Xgamma Exponential Distribution with Applications to Lifetime Data
No full textIn this article, we introduce a weighted version of the Xgamma exponential distribution, extending its utility in modeling lifetime data. We derive several important distributional properties of the proposed model, including moments, residual life functions, generating functions, stochastic ordering, aging intensity, and entropy. These properties provide deeper insights into the behavior and structure of the proposed distribution. To estimate the model parameters, we discuss the maximum likelihood estimation approach, focusing on complete sample data. To demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed distribution, we analyze two real-world lifetime data sets. The performance of the weighted Xgamma exponential distribution is compared with several well-established one- and two-parameter lifetime distributions, along with their weighted versions. Additionally, comparisons are made with length-biased and area-biased lifetime distributions to further assess the robustness of the proposed model. The results of these comparisons indicate that the proposed weighted distribution offers a superior fit, particularly for data sets exhibiting an increasing failure rate. The model’s ability to outperform competing distributions highlights its potential as an effective alternative for analyzing lifetime data in reliability and survival studies
Baczko e la Rivoluzione francese. Trama di un immaginario
No full textThe essay reconstructs Baczko’s thinking on the French Revolution. Founded on Enlightenment progress, the Revolution had inaugurated a political space open to utopia. The men who brought about political change and were shaped by revolutionary events did not delegate the realisation of their projects of social innovation to political power. Thermidor serves Baczko to develop an original reading of terror, i.e. the fears that the revolutionaries had nurtured in order to dismantle all opposition and neutralise any vague attempts at resistance. Terror thus becomes the violence that radicalises the egalitarian idea brought by the Enlightenment and at the same time betrays its ideals.Il saggio ricostruisce il pensiero di Baczko riguardo la Rivoluzione francese. Frutto del progresso illuminista, la Rivoluzione aveva inaugurato uno spazio politico aperto all’utopia. Gli uomini che agivano il cambiamento politico e venivano forgiati dagli eventi rivoluzionari non delegavano al potere politico la realizzazione dei loro progetti di innovazione sociale. Termidoro serve a Baczko per sviluppare un’originale lettura del terrore, ovvero alle paure che i rivoluzionari avevano alimentato per smantellare ogni opposizione e neutralizzare le velleità di resistenza. Il terrore diviene così la violenza che radicalizza l’idea egualitaria portata dai Lumi e al contempo ne tradisce gli ideali
The effect of biochar on enhancing soil fertility, mitigating soil salinity and promoting plant growth: a review
No full textBiochar (BC) is a widely recognized soil amendment, produced by pyrolysis from different biomass, its potential is determined through pyrolysis temperature and feedstock material. Biochar produced at maximum temperatures (> 500 ℃) increased bulk density and porosity to greater levels. It is produced at minimum pyrolytic temperature (< 500 ℃) had more influence on bacterial diversity, and the type of organic resources can affect soil bulk density. Application of BC to soil can enhance its quality and reduce the effects of salt, drought, and contamination as well as climate change. The addition of biochar to soil improves its physical and chemical properties, like porosity, moisture content, and water-holding capacity. BC, can enhance the fertility of soil, improve the retention of nutrients, and decrease the salinity of the soil, all of which can increase crop yields. Moreover, biochar could capture C in the soil and is an effective method to mitigate climate change, improve soil management, and promote agricultural sustainability in Semi-arid and Arid areas
An empirical investigation of the underlying factors of recently declining air pollution in China
No full textThis study analyses the underlying factors of recently declining air pollution in China, utilizing annual time series data from 2000 to 2020 in the autoregressive distributed lag model approach framework. In the empirical setting, air pollution is represented by particulate matter (2.5) concentrations, known as the most detrimental ambient pollutant, and the empirical model includes several socioeconomic potential determinants of air pollution. The main motivation behind this study was the downward trend in air pollution in China as of the second decade of the 2000s. Although it is commonly accepted that the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan implemented by the Chinese State Council has been effective, the underlying factors of declining air pollution aren’t clear. Based on this motivation, the study revealed the positive impacts of economic growth, industrialization, and foreign direct investment inflows on air pollution. At the same time, medium- and high-tech exports and coal rents are negatively associated with air pollution. In this respect, the overall results particularly emphasize the declining impact of an increase in medium- and high-tech exports on air pollution. In this context, to improve air quality further, the study suggests that China should transform its industrialization structure toward specialization in medium- and high-tech products and promote foreign direct investment inflows specialized in these products. This study provides additional policy recommendations for Chinese policymakers
Integrated geophysical investigation of flooding within the campus of Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku and its environs
No full textThis study investigates flooding within the campus of the Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, and its environs using integrated geophysical methods. Geo-electric resistivity (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) were employed to characterize subsurface properties that influence water retention, drainage, and flooding susceptibility. The VES analysis delineated four geo-electric layers with resistivity values ranging from 57.9 to 32,936.7 Ωm, revealing significant subsurface heterogeneity. The topsoil (layer 1) exhibited variable resistivity (86.7–824.4 Ωm), indicating mixed sandy and clayey materials with poor drainage in low-resistivity zones. The second and third layers demonstrated variable thickness and resistivity, reflecting saturated zones prone to water retention and areas with better drainage properties. The fourth layer, likely compact bedrock, exhibited high resistivity, acting as a barrier to water flow and contributing to surface runoff. Secondary geo-electric parameters including reflection coefficients, transverse resistivity, longitudinal resistivity, and anisotropy, provided additional insights. Low resistivity and high anisotropy zones indicated water-saturated or clay-rich materials associated with flood-prone areas. High resistivity and low anisotropy corresponded to better-draining zones with sandy or gravelly materials. ERT profiles complemented the VES results by mapping lateral and vertical variations in resistivity. Low-resistivity zones in the upper subsurface were linked to water-saturated soils, obstructing drainage and increasing flood risk. High-resistivity regions indicated less permeable materials that could exacerbate runoff and surface water accumulation. The study concludes that the interplay of subsurface heterogeneity, saturated zones, and impermeable layers significantly influences flooding in the area. The findings provide critical data for flood risk management and infrastructural planning, highlighting the need for effective drainage systems and soil stabilization measures in vulnerable regions