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Fenomeni di tipo coarsening nel flusso di network
No full textIn this short note we summarize recent results on the asymptotic behaviour of the network flow and we give indications of an expected coarsening-type behaviour for the network flow past singularities. The paper is complemented with a discussion on critical points and local minimizers of the length functional.In questa breve nota riassumiamo alcuni risultati sul comportamento asintotico del moto per curvatura di network, focalizzandoci sugli indizi di comportamenti di tipo coarsening. La nota contiene anche una discussione sui punti critici e minimi locali del funzionale lunghezza
Corrigendum: «Non sufficit orbis». Immaginari mobili, cattolicesimo globale e propaganda imperiale nei mondi dilatati degli Asburgo nella prima età moderna
No full textInquadrando la presenza di Benedetto: strategie di decorazione pavimentale a mosaico e significato delle reliquie del santo a Montecassino e Fleury (IX-XII secolo)
No full textThis study investigates the historical and artistic relationships between the two Benedictine communities that claimed possession of the relics of St. Benedict, namely Montecassino and Fleury. By focusing on the artistic strategies employed in floor mosaic decoration and the veneration of Benedict’s relics, the research uncovers how these elements were used to construct and reinforce their monastic identities. The methodology involves a comparative analysis of the artistic evidence, supported by historical and archaeological documentation. The study highlights the interplay between spirituality and art in shaping Montecassino and Fleury identity and heritage, despite their rivalry over the relics of St. Benedict.Questo contributo indaga le relazioni storiche e artistiche tra le due maggiori comunità monastiche benedettine che rivendicavano il possesso delle reliquie di san Benedetto, ovvero Montecassino e Fleury. Concentrandosi sulle differenti strategie artistiche attuate nella decorazione dei mosaici pavimentali e in connessione con le reliquie di Benedetto, la ricerca chiarisce gli elementi utilizzati per costruire e rafforzare le rispettive identità. L’analisi comparativa considera le testimonianze artistiche, la documentazione storica e quella archeologica. Lo studio analizza dunque l’interazione tra spiritualità e arte, funzionale anche a plasmare l’identità e l’eredità culturale di Montecassino e Fleury, nonostante la rivalità sulle reliquie di Benedetto
Sui big data e il neopositivismo digitale nella ricerca storica
No full textThe paper discusses the progress of digital initiatives in historical research, highlighting in particular the increase in the number of large repositories and online archival collections. This scenario is seen as part of a growing attention to big data that has to be discussed in the disciplinary community. Some cases (such as Transkribus and Time Machine) with a strong empiricist approach seem to prefigure a sort of irrelevance of the historical method through the emphasis given to disintermediation. The article hopes to provide ideas for the debate, indicating digital training as the essential condition to orient historians in the face of a sea of uncertainties and algorithms.Il saggio discute l'avanzamento delle iniziative digitali nella ricerca storica, sottolineando in particolare l'aumento del numero di grandi repository e di collezioni archivistiche online. Tale scenario è visto come parte di una crescente attenzione ai big data che deve essere ancora discussa nella comunità disciplinare. Vengono presentati alcuni casi di progetti con un forte approccio empirista (come Transkribus e Time Machine) che sembrano prefigurare una presunta irrilevanza del metodo storico tramite il rilievo dato alla disintermediazione. L'articolo auspica di fornire spunti per il dibattito, indicando la formazione digitale come la condizione imprescindibile per orientare gli storici di fronte a un mare di incertezze e di algoritmi
Technosols constructed from urban waste enhance carbon stabilization through improved soil aggregation
No full textThis study investigates the distribution and stabilization of carbon (C) in technosols constructed from urban waste materials and organic inputs, aiming to enhance C storage and restore urban ecosystems. Technosols composed of concrete (Cw) and excavation (Ew) waste, wood chips (W), compost (C), and biochar (B) (CwO, EwO, and WCB) were analyzed over two years within an urban milpa, a traditional Mesoamerican agricultural system. We assessed C and nitrogen (N) contents, exchangeable cations, aggregate size distribution, and molecular composition. Among the technosols, the wood chip, compost, and biochar mixture (WCB) exhibited the highest organic C (OC), inorganic C (IC), and total N (TN) contents, followed by CwO and EwO. While C levels remained stable in all technosols, TN decreased in CwO, increasing its C/N ratio to 27, indicating potential N immobilization. Calcium concentrations increased across all technosols (CwO = WCB > EwO), while Na levels decreased, improving aggregate stability. Macroaggregates accounted for 85% of OC and TN in all technosols, with microaggregates and silt + clay fractions containing 5% and 10%, respectively. CwO and EwO exhibited particulate organic matter occlusion within macroaggregates, while EwO had more microaggregates and silt + clay particles. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carbonates in all aggregate sizes and showed that the molecular composition of stabilized C varied, with more recalcitrant compounds found in microaggregates. These results highlight the importance of managing cation balances, particularly increasing Ca2+ and reducing Na+, to improve soil structure and enhance C stabilization
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cassava cultivated on leachate-contaminated soil during the early transition from landfilling to co-landfilling with incineration
No full textThis study aimed to investigate heavy metal contamination in soil and cassava in the area of the Khon Kaen Municipality landfill during the transition period of waste management (December 2015), focusing on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks from consuming cassava tubers. Soil (0-30 cm) and cassava samples were collected from agricultural areas most affected by leachate leakage. Soil and cassava samples were digested for heavy metal analysis using microwave-assisted acid digestion (USEPA 3052), followed by heavy metal analysis with ICP-AES (USEPA 6010D). The analysis revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in soil did not exceed the WHO/FAO permissible limits, but contamination levels in cassava tubers for Cd, Cr, and Pb exceeded the permissible limits. Cassava demonstrated the ability to accumulate heavy metals in its tubers, with Ni showing the highest bioaccumulation potential (BCF = 5.837). Once accumulated in tubers, heavy metals translocated to leaves (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) and stems (Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn), with Mn exhibiting the highest translocation potential (TF tuber to leave = 10.670, TF tuber to stem = 7.094). Health risk assessments showed that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks for both children and adults were unacceptable (HI >1, TCR >10-4). These findings highlight that, during the initial phase of waste management improvements, contamination persists in the soil and cassava, posing health risks to consumers. Therefore, enhancing leachate management systems is essential, and the results should serve as a reference for future waste management
Si aggrava o si attenua la crisi della riproduzione sociale nel sistema capitalistico? Il caso delle piattaforme per la cura e il lavoro domestico
No full textThis study investigates platform companies offering care and domestic services through the lens of social reproduction theory. This perspective embeds these platforms in capitalism by foregrounding the fundamental dependence of the capitalist economy on the paid and unpaid socially reproductive work largely carried out by women in the home, communities, welfare state services and the (informal) market. Such work does not only reproduce life, but also, by so doing, the labor-power necessary to generate value in the economy. Based on five cases of care and domestic services platform companies operating in Italy, the analysis reveals their roots in the current crisis of social reproduction, or the ability of individuals, households and societies to socially reproduce life, through adequate care and income. We show how this crisis manifests itself in multiple forms in the lives of platforms’ clients and workers, who are both largely women. While all platforms claim to be the solution to this crisis, their effects are not univocal. On the one hand, platforms that operate as mere digital intermediaries deepen the crisis of social reproduction by expanding informal work on a large scale. On the other hand, platforms that proactively set the terms of employment foster the recognition of care and domestic work and workers’ better protection. The study advances the extant literature by showing how, while care and domestic services platforms do not resolve the crisis of social reproduction, they might either deepen or buffer it. Their effects depend on how their business model and the related legal work status they offer to workers distribute costs, risks and value among workers and their households, customers, platforms themselves and the state. Distinct from legal perspectives, a social reproduction theory lens emphasizes how the different legal work statuses offered to care and domestic platform workers open up possibilities for their social struggles, whose outcomes however remain open-ended.Este estudio investiga las plataformas empresariales que ofrecen servicios de cuidados y trabajos domésticos usando la teoría de la reproducción social. Esta perspectiva posiciona estas plataformas en el capitalismo, al resaltar la dependencia fundamental de la economía capitalista del trabajo socialmente reproductivo, remunerado y no remunerado, que realizan en gran medida las mujeres en el hogar, las comunidades, el Estado (a través de los servicios de bienestar) y el mercado (informal). Este trabajo no sólo reproduce la vida, sino también, al hacerlo, la fuerza de trabajo necesaria para generar valor en la economía. Basándonos en cinco casos de empresas de cuidados y plataformas de servicios domésticos que operan en Italia, el análisis revela sus raíces en la actual crisis de reproducción social, o la capacidad de los individuos, los hogares y las sociedades para reproducir socialmente la vida, a través de unos cuidados e ingresos adecuados. Mostramos cómo esta crisis se manifiesta de múltiples formas en las vidas de los clientes y los trabajadores de las plataformas, ambos en su mayoría mujeres. Aunque todas las plataformas afirman ser la solución a esta crisis, sus efectos no son unívocos. Por un lado, las plataformas que operan como meros intermediarios digitales profundizan la crisis de reproducción social al expandir el trabajo informal a gran escala. Por otro lado, las plataformas que establecen proactivamente las condiciones de empleo fomentan el reconocimiento del trabajo de cuidados y doméstico y una mejor protección de los trabajadores. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura existente al mostrar cómo, si bien las plataformas de cuidados y servicios domésticos no resuelven la crisis de reproducción social, pueden profundizarla o amortiguarla. Sus efectos dependen del modelo de negocio y el estatus laboral legal que ofrecen a los trabajadores y cómo distribuyen los costos, los riesgos y el valor entre los trabajadores y sus hogares, los clientes, las propias plataformas y el Estado. A diferencia de las perspectivas jurídicas, la teoría de la reproducción social hace hincapié en cómo los diferentes estatus laborales legales que se ofrecen a los trabajadores de plataformas de cuidados y trabajos domésticos abren posibilidades para sus luchas sociales, cuyos resultados, sin embargo, siguen siendo indefinidos. Questo studio analizza le piattaforme che offrono servizi di pulizia e di assistenza alla persona attraverso la lente della teoria della riproduzione sociale. Tale prospettiva radica le piattaforme digitali nel capitalismo mettendo in evidenza la dipendenza fondamentale dell'economia capitalista dal lavoro di riproduzione sociale, retribuito e non retribuito, che viene svolto in gran parte dalle donne in casa, nelle comunità, nei servizi dello Stato sociale e sul mercato (informale). Si tratta di forme di lavoro che, non solo consentono di realizzare le condizioni necessarie per la riproduzione della vita, ma anche, così facendo, della forza-lavoro necessaria a generare valore economico. Basandosi su cinque casi di piattaforme che operano in Italia, l'analisi rivela le loro radici nell'attuale crisi della riproduzione sociale, ovvero della capacità di individui, famiglie e società di riprodurre socialmente la vita, attraverso cure e redditi adeguati. L’articolo mostra come questa crisi si manifesti in molteplici forme nella vita dei clienti e dei lavoratori delle piattaforme, in gran parte donne. Sebbene tutte le piattaforme sostengano di essere la soluzione a questa crisi, i loro effetti non sono univoci. Da un lato, le piattaforme che operano come semplici intermediari digitali aggravano la crisi della riproduzione sociale espandendo il lavoro informale su larga scala. Dall'altro, le piattaforme che stabiliscono in modo proattivo le condizioni di impiego favoriscono il riconoscimento del lavoro domestico e di cura e di una maggiore tutela per i lavoratori. Lo studio sviluppa la letteratura esistente mostrando come le piattaforme per le pulizie domestiche e i servizi di assistenza alla persona, lungi dal risolvere la crisi della riproduzione sociale, possano aggravarla oppure attutirla. I loro effetti dipendono dal modo in cui i modelli di business e le diverse forme di riconoscimento giuridico dei rapporti di lavoro distribuiscono costi, rischi e valore tra i lavoratori e le loro famiglie, i clienti, le piattaforme stesse e lo Stato. A differenza della prospettiva legale, la lente della teoria della riproduzione sociale sottolinea come la varietà delle forme contrattuali offerte alle lavoratrici e ai lavoratori di piattaforma aprano possibilità per le loro lotte sociali, i cui esiti rimangono tuttavia aperti
The Rule of Law in a Multi‐State Dimension: The Rule of Law and Private International Law
No full textIn the legal literature, the rule of law has been often considered a public law phenomenon and little attention has been paid to the relationship between the rule of law and private international law. This article outlines how the rule of law has unfolded in private international law and how it influences the creation and application of private international law rules. Savigny’s private law theory detached law from state power which led to the recognition of the equality of the legal systems from the point of view of the designation of the applicable law. The classic conflict of laws method focused on legal certainty in determining the governing law that corresponds to a formal conception of the rule of law of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Today’s private international law, however, also enables the infiltration of the material values of the rule of law into private international law, in particular through the public policy clause or as overriding mandatory norms. The development of European Union (EU) private international law illustrates this well. The public policy exception is suitable to prevent the application of the otherwise governing foreign law or the recognition and enforcement of a foreign decision that is contrary to the fundamental principles of the domestic legal order of the state of the forum, including human rights. Moreover, the lack of judicial independence in an EU Member State where a decision was rendered can result in the denial of recognition and enforcement of that decision in another Member State not only in criminal but also in civil matters. The requirements of the rule of law, and in particular the respect for human rights also influence the methodology of private international law. As the legal literature points out, the method of recognition, requiring the recognition of legal status acquired abroad irrespective of the law designated by the conflict of laws rules of the forum, coexists with the traditional conflict of laws method
Untopical Modernity in Neighbourhood Churches by Marcello Canino
No full textIn the years of post-war reconstruction, the Italian authorities decided to expand the cities with suburban settlements for the lower classes. The popular neighborhoods had to include the essential social services, such as schools, sports facilities and parish centres. In particular, the law 18 December 1952 n. 2522 provided to allocate state funds to Italian dioceses for the construction of neighbourhood churches. For this reason, many architects and urban planners, including Marcello Canino, were commissioned to design types of ecclesiastical buildings suitables for the new popular districts.
In a cultural milieu characterised by contrasts between tendencies prone to either tradition or modernity, Marcello Canino is distinguished among architects who were inspired by the past in the search for new types of ecclesiastical buildings. He was a professor of architectural design from 1930 to 1969 and Dean of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Naples from 1943 to 1952. As an interpreter of an architectural renewal in the direction of a balance between the permanence of forms derived from classicism and the introduction of the constructive rationality of the Modern Movement, he produced some interesting projects for new neighbourhood churches. During the 1950s and ‘60s, he chose to revisit in a modern and personal key typologies and languages derived from the Italian architecture of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. He interpreted the history of Italian architecture in the forms of a modern classicism, distant both from the present and from the past, defined untopical modernity by his disciple Michele Capobianco
Constructing a Modern Image. The Representation of Post-War Churches in Belgian Periodicals (1955-1970)
No full textThis article examines the representation of post-war churches in Belgian and French periodicals during the 1950s and 1960s: Art d’Eglise, Art Chrétien, La Maison, L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, La Technique des Travaux and Techniques etArchitecture. By unravelling how the architectural, liturgical, and material dimension of post-war churches tied together in the discourse on religious architecture, this article will investigate the dual meaning of the ‘constructed’ image throughout these publications. We both look at the construction of the modern church made visible through the lens of these issues, as well as at the actors that played a vital role in the actual construction of the church. Hence, this article will deconstruct the image of the modern church by looking into the complexity of this large building campaign to comprehend how the material dimension of post-war churches contributed to shaping this image of religious modernity.