7341 research outputs found
Sort by
Washing with a body cleanser and topical application of a moisturizer containing a pseudo-ceramide and a eucalyptus extract are effective to improve mild atopic dermatitis in Thailand
Get PDFLetters to the Edito
Effect of urolithin A Japanese cedar allergic rhinitis in mice
Get PDF【目的】ウロリチン類はザクロやベリー類に含まれるエラグ酸を摂取した後に血中で検出される成分として知られている．ウロリチン類の一部は肥満細胞株RBL-2H3 を用いた実験系において脱顆粒を抑制することが報告されている．しかし，ウロリチン類のin vivo におけるアレルギー抑制作用は明らかになっていない．そこで本研究では，まずRBL-2H3 細胞における各ウロリチン類の脱顆粒抑制効果の比較を行った．次に，ウロリチンＡがスギ花粉アレルギー性鼻炎モデルマウスのアレルギー反応を抑制する可能性を検討した．【方法】RBL-2H3 細胞を播種し，dinitrophenyl IgE により感作させた．一次感作の後，ウロリチンA，ウロリチンB，ウロリチンC，ウロリチンD，ウロリチンH，エラグ酸の脱顆粒抑制試験を行った．また，5 週齢のBALB/c 雌性マウス21 匹に一次感作としてスギ花粉抗原を0，7，14 日目に腹腔内に投与した．21 日から39 日目までは二次感作としてスギ花粉抗原を鼻腔内に投与した．27 日目にくしゃみの回数を測定し，コントロール群，ウロリチンA 群，デキサメタゾン（Dex）群の3 群に割り付けた．28 日から39 日目までは二次感作と同時に，コントロール群は10% アラビアゴム溶液，ウロリチンA群は1 mg/ 匹のウロリチンA，Dex群は0.1 mg/ 匹のDex を経口投与した． 39日目にくしゃみの回数を測定し，40日目に解剖を行い，血清中のIgE 濃度（ELISA），鼻洗浄液 （nasal lavage fluid，NALF）における好酸球数（Diff-Quik 染色）の測定を行った．【結果】in vitroの実験において，1 µM以上の濃度のウロリチンC，ウロリチンH および10 µM 以上の濃度のウロリチンA，ウロリチンB は，ウロリチンD およびエラグ酸と比較して細胞外へのβ-hexosaminidase の放出を有意に抑制した．in vivoの実験において，ウロリチンA 群はコントロール群と比較して，くしゃみの回数およびNALF中の好酸球数がDex群と同程度まで有意に減少 した．血清IgE 濃度は各群間に有意な差はなかった．【考察】エラグ酸摂取後に血中で検出されるウロリチンA は，スギ花粉アレルギー性鼻炎モデルマウスの血清IgE 濃度には影響を与えないが，好酸球の遊走の抑制と脱顆粒の抑制を介して，花粉症によるくしゃみを抑制することが示唆された．Urolithin (U) is a group of metabolites of ellagic acid (EA) and has antioxidant activity; In this study, we investigated the effect of U analogs (UA, UB, UC, UD, and UH) and EA on typel hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo. UA, UB, UC, and UH inhibited the release of /3-hexosaminidase, an indicator of degranulation, from sensitized RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with DNP-albumin. Next, we evaluated the effect of UA on allergic symptoms in a mouse model of Japanese cedar pollinosis. BALB/c female mice were intraperitoneally injected with Japanese cedar pollen antigen as primary sensitization 3 times for 3 weeks. Further antigen was administered intranasally as secondary sensitization with or without UA for 19 days. Dexamethasone (Dex) was used as a positive control. The number of sneezes and eosinophils in the UA and Dex administration groups decreased significantly compared to the control group. Serum IgE levels were not different among the three groups. In conclusion, oral intake of UA suppresses sneezing and eosinophil migration. These suppressions might be caused by inhibition of mast cell degranulation
Salvianolic acid B improves the survival rate, acute kidney dysfunction, inflammation and NETosis‑mediated antibacterial action in a crush syndrome rat model
Get PDFCrush syndrome (CS) is a potentially lethal condition characterized by muscle cell damage resulting from decompression following compression. Patients with CS can develop cardiac failure, kidney dysfunction, shock, systemic inflammation and sepsis. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) has cardiac and kidney protective effects and anti‑oxidative, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑apoptotic and anti‑bacterial properties. The present study aimed to demonstrate the survival benefit of SalB in the CS rat model, which comprised anesthetized rats with bilateral hindlimb compression by a rubber tourniquet for 5 h. The rats examined were randomly divided into four groups: i) Sham; ii) sham treated with SalB; iii) CS rat model without treatment; and iv) CS rat model treated with SalB. Under continuous monitoring and recording of arterial blood pressures, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses at designated timepoints before and after reperfusion. SalB administration improved the survival rate, kidney function (by treating shock and metabolic acidosis) and inflammation (by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial damage). Reduced incidence of cardiac failure due to hyperkalemia was associated with reduced muscle injury via the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, indirect antibacterial action by the neutrophil extracellular trap system (NETs) was observed. SalB administration to the CS rat model led to a substantial improvement in survival following CS by decreasing kidney and cardiac dysfunctions, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction by improving the mitochondrial function and through antibacterial effects via NETs.p.13 Article Number: 32
Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects of Arenite in Combination with Active Bufadienolide Compounds against Human Glioblastoma Cell Line U-87
Get PDFThe cytotoxicity of a trivalent arsenic derivative (arsenite, AsIII) combined with arenobufagin or gamabufotalin was evaluated in human U-87 glioblastoma cells. Synergistic cytotoxicity with upregulated intracellular arsenic levels was observed, when treated with AsIII combined with arenobufagin instead of gamabufotalin. Apoptosis and the activation of caspase-9/-8/-3 were induced by AsIII and further strengthened by arenobufagin. The magnitude of increase in the activities of caspase-9/-3 was much greater than that of caspase-8, suggesting that the intrinsic pathway played a much more important role in the apoptosis. An increase in the number of necrotic cells, enhanced LDH leakage, and intensified G2/M phase arrest were observed. A remarkable increase in the expression level of γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, was induced by AsIII+arenobufagin. Concomitantly, the activation of autophagy was observed, suggesting that autophagic cell death associated with DNA damage was partially attributed to the cytotoxicity of AsIII+arenobufagin. Suppression of Notch signaling was confirmed in the combined regimen-treated cells, suggesting that inactivation of Jagged1/Notch signaling would probably contribute to the synergistic cytotoxic effect of AsIII+arenobufagin. Given that both AsIII and arenobufagin are capable of penetrating into the blood–brain barrier, our findings may provide fundamental insight into the clinical application of the combined regimen for glioblastoma.p.21 Article number: 6577 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Measure for Measurement : how to connect efficient cyber risk management with strategic decision-making
Get PDF経済学におけるリスクの定義は一様ではないが，リスクが「危険」という負の側面だけでなく，「機会」という正の側面も内包するものとして理解されている。情報・デジタル技術の急速な進展は，それによって享受される機会と同時に，従来の外部環境および内部環境における情報すべてに新たなリスクを付加しようとしている。それがサイバー空間でのリスクであり，いわゆるサイバーリスクである。企業活動の国際化・ボーダレス化・ネットワーク化，それによるリスクの巨大化・複雑化の中で，企業は生き残りをかけて組織の舵取りをしなければならない。本稿では海外の事例をとおして，サイバーセキュリティ対策を戦略的リスクマネジメントとして組み入れることを提案し，サイバーリスク管理を戦略的意思決定に取り入れるための方法について考え，そして経営戦略とリスクマネジメントの関係について新たな視点を提示した。Risk is understood as encompassing not only the negative aspect of ‘danger’ but also the positive aspect of ‘opportunity.’ The rapid development of information and digital technologies is adding new risks to all information in the traditional external and internal environment. These are the risks in cyberspace, the so-called “cyber risks.” In the context of internationalization, borderlessness and networking of business activities, and the consequent growth and complexity of risks, companies must manage their organizations to survive. Through examples, this paper proposes incorporating cyber security measures as strategic risk management, considers ways to integrate cyber risk management into strategic decision-making, and
presents a new perspective on the relationship between management strategy and risk management.論
Fruit body formation and intra-species DNA polymorphism in Japanese Wolfiporia cocos strains
Get PDFPoria, the dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos, is a medicinal mushroom that is widely used in traditional Japanese medicine.The fruit body of W. cocos is rarely found in the natural environment in Japan, therefore an optimized technique for fruit body formation is essential for producing new strains through crossbreeding and for biological research. Here, we developed a cultivation technique for fruit body formation of W. cocos using three strains collected from different areas of Japan. When mycelia were cultured on sawdust-based medium after liquid medium culture, all strains successfully formed fruit bodies as a brown honeycomb-like structure. Furthermore, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the three strains using the STE3-like pheromone receptor protein gene, STE3.2, and found a genetic marker for discriminating one strain from the others. The results are expected to promote extensive studies on crossbreeding and domestic production of W. cocos
Practical report of survey presentation activities by online students from overseas
Get PDF本稿では、コロナ禍による入国制限で、海外からオンラインで受講している別科日本語専修課程の学生 3 名（2020 年 9 月入学の 1 名と 2021 年 4 月入学の 2 名）の調査発表活動について報告する。報告では、まず、実践の背景、活動の目的と意義、実施内容を詳述する。次に、学生達へのアンケート結果を分析し、考察する。また、最後に授業記録などから、対面指導とは異なる環境での指導の可能性や問題点について分析・考察し、オンラインによる調査発表活動の意義と課題について言及する
