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Characterization, stability, and skin application of astaxanthin particulates
Get PDFPurpose: Astaxanthin (AX), commonly used for dermal applications, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, it has poor water solubility. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of AX-containing particulates formulated using the amphiphilic graft copolymer Soluplus (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer: Sol) and polyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG 2000); in addition, the stability and skin applications of AX particulates were investigated. Methods: AX, Sol, and PEG were mixed by weight to prepare AX particles using the hydration method. The prepared particles were subjected to stability evaluations including particle size distribution, zeta potential estimation, and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as physical evaluations including 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectral measurement, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Functional evaluations included singlet oxygen scavenging, skin permeation test, and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Relatively stable particles of Sol/AX and Sol/PEG 2000/AX, approximately 100 nm and 125 nm in size, respectively, were formed at a mixed weight ratio (9/1) of 0.1 M Ascorbic Acid solution (0.1 M ASC) and a mixed weight ratio (8/1/1) of 0.1 M ASC, respectively, at 25 °C after storage for 14 days under light-shielded condition. Stability evaluations revealed a decrease in fluorescence intensity and color fading for Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1 (dispersion medium: distilled water); however, no change in fluorescence intensity of AX was observed immediately after preparation in Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1 (dispersion medium: 0.1 M ASC). The fluorescence intensity of AX did not fluctuate significantly immediately after adjustment, and the particles remained stable, showing a bright orange color with time. NMR spectra of Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX (dispersion medium: 0.1 M ASC) showed the interactions between the CH3 group e from Sol (1.8 ~ 2.0 ppm) and the CH groups H-15,11 from AX (6.7 ~ 6.8 ppm), 8’,12’ (6.4 ~ 6.5 ppm), H-10,14 (6.4 ~ 6.5 ppm), and 7,7’ (6.2 ~ 6.3 ppm), indicating the disappearance of cross peaks. Furthermore, new cross peaks were identified for the CH3 group e of Sol (1.8 ~ 2.0 ppm), the 7-membered ring z of Sol (1.5 ~ 1.8 ppm), the 5-membered ring S of ASC (3.5 ~ 3.6 ppm), the CH group T (3.8 ~ 3.9 ppm), and the CH group U (4.7 ppm). Fluorescence microscopy observations of microparticles formulated with Sol/PEG 2000/AX showed a slight improvement in skin penetration. Conclusion: New AX particulates were formed using Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1, suggesting that Sol/PEG 2000/AX maintained the stability and improved the skin penetration of AX.p.16 Article number: 9 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone Derivatives as Potent Monoamine Oxidases Inhibitors
Get PDFA series of 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives, 2-indolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone and 2-pyrrolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives, were synthesized, and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitory activities were evaluated. Compounds 1b, 3b, 6b, 7b, and 10b showed strong inhibitory activity against MAO-A, and compound 3b showed the highest potency and selectivity, with an IC50 value of 21 nM and a MAO-A selectivity index of 48. Compounds 3c, 4c, 9a, 9c, 10c, 11a, and 11c showed strong inhibitory activity against MAO-B, and compound 4c showed the highest potency and selectivity, with an IC50 value of 16 nM and a MAO-B selectivity index of >1100. Further analysis of these compounds indicated that compound 3b for MAO-A and compound 4c for MAO-B were competitive inhibitors, with Ki values of 10 and 6.1 nM, respectively. Furthermore, computational analyses, such as quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of the 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives conducting their pIC50 values with the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and Mordred, and molecular docking analysis using MOE-Dock supported that the 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives are a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel MAO inhibitors
An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Individuals’ Risky Asset Holding Ratio Based on Behavioral Finance Perspective ～From the Results of the 2023 Financial Behavior Survey～
Get PDF本研究では，われわれが2023 年9 月に実施したアンケート調査データを用いて，個人のリスク資産保有比率の決定要因についての分析を行った。分析の結果，次のようなことが明らかになった。まず，「株式投資」と「株式投資と国内債券・外国債券」で定義したリスク資産保有比率の分析において，利得局面におけるリスク回避度と損失局面におけるリスク回避度がリスク資産保有比 率に与える影響が逆になっていることを確認した。他方で，行動ファイナンスでよく用いられる指標である自信過剰度や時間割引率はリスク資産保有比率に対して影響を与えないことが確認され，既存研究とは異なる結果が得られた。また，情報収集源に関して，どちらかといえば，情報の精度が必ずしも高くない情報源を利用している個人がそうでない者よりもリスク資産保有比率が高くなっていることを明らかにした。In this article, by using micro data collected from the survey which we conducted in September 2023, we analyze the determinants of an individual’s risk asset holding ratio. The analysis revealed the following findings. First, in the analysis of risk asset holding ratios defined by “equity investment” and “equity investment and domestic/foreign bonds,” we confirmed that the impact of risk aversion during the gain phase is opposite to that during the loss phase. On the other hand, we confirmed that the degree of overconfidence and the time discount rate, which are commonly used in behavioral finance, have no effect on the ratio of risky asset holdings, a result that differs from existing studies. In addition, we found that individuals who use information sources that are not necessarily highly accurate in terms of the source of information they collect have higher risk-asset holding ratios than those who do not use such sources.通巻第47号, 論文 / Article
Activity report of the student internship in FY 2022
Get PDF城西大学では坂戸市とのスチューデント・インターンシップ事業に関する協定書が締結されて以降，市内の小・中学校における児童生徒の学習及び生活指導等の教育活動の指導に対する教師の補助として活動する場が学生に提供されている。２０２２年度は新型コロナウイルス感染症が収束したことにより１年間を通して活動できるようになり，経済学部１名，経営学部１名，理学部化学科３名，理学部数学科１３名の計１８名が小学校４校と中学校４校に配置された。様々な教科の授業，朝の会，清掃活動や部活動などの児童・生徒との関わりだけでなく，職員会や授業の資料作り等の教員組織等に関わることができ，学生の教員になるというモチベーションの向上に大きく貢献したことを示した。実践報告 / Report
Positioning business communication in university English education: Beyond the opposition between communicative methods and the grammar-translation method
Get PDF本研究では，英語ビジネスコミュニケーションを，大学教育に位置付けるための考察を行う。日本では，実用か教養かで英語教育の言説が構成されてきた。しかし，実際にはカリキュラムの性質の把握，学問分野の使用言語の特性，生涯学習との関連が課題であることを論じた。研究ノート / Research Not