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Synthesis of Resorcinol Derivatives and their Effects on Melanin Production
Get PDFSeveral resorcinol derivatives were synthesized and their effects on the survival rate of B16 murine melanoma cells, melanin production, and tyrosinase activity were investigated with an aim to evaluate their skin whitening effect. Twelve resorcinol derivatives were synthesized by esterification with three functional groups (L-ascorb-6-yl, ethyl, and glyceryl) linked via four alkyl chains of varying lengths (n = 2–5) at the 4-position. The structures of the 12 resorcinol derivatives were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The derivatives were added to B16 murine melanoma cells and the melanin contents in the cells and culture medium were measured. To measure the tyrosinase activity, the substrate L-DOPA was added to a mushroom-derived tyrosinase solution, and the inhibition of the tyrosinase activity was determined. At 10 µM, the resorcinol derivatives did not affect the survival of the B16 murine melanoma cells, but the melanin content was reduced. At 1 µM, the derivatives significantly inhibited the tyrosinase activity in the mushroom-derived tyrosinase solution. A plot of the inhibitory effect on melanin production against the cLogP value for each resorcinol derivative indicated that the highest inhibition occurred at a cLogP value of approximately 2. Therefore, these resorcinol derivatives are expected to serve as effective skin whitening agents.Article No.55. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
A method of creating and utilizing integrated reports based on integrated thinking that leads to a virtuous cycle in the organization
Get PDF統合報告書を発行している企業の従業員と個人株主へのアンケート調査の結果、従業員と個人株主は、統合報告書を株主との重要なコミュニケーションツールであると評価していることが分かった。従業員は、株主との信頼関係を築き、株主が経営を理解し株式保有に関する意思決定に役立つと評価している。個人株主は、経営の理解につながる必要な情報が掲載されていることを評価している。また、個人株主は、統合報告書に中長期的な視点から経営を評価する情報を求め、経営ビジョンと配当に関する十分な情報を期待していた。企業は、コミュニケーションツールとしての統合報告書の有用性を高める要因を理解し、改善することが必要である。A questionnaire was administered to employees and individual shareholders of companies issuing integrated reports. Employees evaluated integrated reports as an important communication tool with shareholders. The reason is that integrated reports are useful for building trust with shareholders and for shareholders to understand company management and make decisions regarding stockholdings. Individual shareholders evaluated integrated reports as an important communication tool for building investor relations. The reason is that integrated reports contain necessary information and it is easy to understand its relationship with management. Individual shareholders are looking for information evaluating management from a mid-to-long term perspective in the integrated report and are expecting sufficient information on management vision and dividends. Companies should understand and improve the factors that enhance the usefulness of integrated reports as a communication tool with shareholders.科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書 研究種目：基盤研究(C)（一般）, 研究期間：2016～2019, 課題番号：16K03813 研究分野：経営学, 研究者番号：10640914. 7p
Nitrite in breast milk: roles in neonatal pathophysiology
Get PDFDietary nitrate has beneficial effects on health maintenance and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood by serving as an alternative source of nitric oxide (NO) through the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, particularly when endogenous NO generation is lacking due to vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, this pathway is not developed in the early postnatal period due to a lack of oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria and less saliva production than in adults. To compensate for the decrease in nitrite during this period, colostrum contains the highest amount of nitrite compared with transitional, mature, and even artificial milk, suggesting that colostrum plays an important role in tentatively replenishing nitrite, in addition to involving a nutritional aspect, until the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway is established. Increasing evidence demonstrates that breast milk rich in nitrite can be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and necrotizing enterocolitis, suggesting that breastfeeding is advantageous for newborns at risk, given the physiological role of nitrite in the early postnatal period.2024.02.16 巻号ページ追記・変更（2021.05.20登録時 Online ahead of print.により掲載巻号頁不明だったため
Effects of hot‑water extracts from 26 herbs on α‑glucosidase activity
Get PDFα‑glucosidase is a key enzyme that plays a role in glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and the inhibition of its activity induces the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. Several α‑glucosidase inhibitors have been used as medicines for type 2 diabetes, but a similar effect is observed in natural resources, including traditional herbs and their phytochemicals. To identify the presence of the α‑glucosidase inhibitory activity in herbs, in which various functional effects have been known to occur, the present study investigated the effects of hot‑water extracts of 26 types of herbs on α‑glucosidase activity in an in vitro assay. The results indicated significant increases in the inhibition of α‑glucosidase activity in 1,000 µg/ml olive (P<0.01), white willow (P<0.01) and red rooibos hot‑water extracts. Furthermore, ≥50% inhibition of α‑glucosidase activity was determined to be significant in 1,000 µg/ml coltsfoot, green tea and bearberry hot‑water extracts. In addition, the effects of bearberry, green tea and coltsfoot hot‑water extracts on α‑glucosidase activity in vivo were evaluated according to the blood glucose levels (BGLs) in maltose and glucose load model rats. It was indicated that the administration of these three herb extracts significantly reduced the increasing BGLs after maltose loading until 0.5 h compared with the control group. However, only coltsfoot extract significantly reduced the increasing BGLs after glucose loading until 0.5 h compared with the control group. Thus, the present results may facilitate the understanding of a novel functionality in traditional herbs, which could be useful for the prevention of disease onset and progression, such as in hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes
Cancer Cachexia May Hinder Pain Control When Using Fentanyl Patch
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cancer cachexia on pain control in cancer patients receiving a transdermal fentanyl patch (FP) and to investigate whether dry skin was a factor related to cancer cachexia and uncontrolled pain. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 77 patients receiving FP treatment for the first time, who were classified into cancer cachexia and non-cancer-cachexia groups, according to European Palliative Care Research Collaborative criteria. On day 7 after FP administration, the mean FP dose and morphine equivalent dose (MED) in the cancer cachexia group were significantly higher than in the non-cancer-cachexia group. Additionally, in the cancer cachexia group, there was a significantly larger degree of variation in pain intensity over 7 d than in the non-cachexia group. In patients who were switched from FP to morphine injection, the mean pain intensity and MED on day 3 after morphine injection were significantly lower than those immediately before morphine injection. Subsequently, to investigate whether dry skin was involved in poor pain control in the cancer cachexia group, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was compared between 15 additional patients classified into cancer cachexia and non-cancer cachexia groups; the mean TEWL in the cancer cachexia group was found to be significantly lower. Our data suggest that cancer cachexia may be a risk factor for poor pain control in patients receiving FP treatment, and that uncontrolled pain in FP treatment may be caused by the inhibition of fentanyl transdermal absorption due to dry skin
Influence of stretchiness and application times of tapes on peel forces and analyses of factors changed peel force in in vivo human skin and the variation in environment.
Get PDF学位授与機関：城西大学 学位記番号：博甲第95号，学位の種別：博士（薬学）， 学位授与年月日： 令和2年(2020年)3月17日 (84p.) 2021年3月30日まで要旨のみ公開博士（薬学）城西大