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Kinetics of primary processes in the organic solar cells by transient absorption and emission spectroscopies
Get PDF粒径や形態の異なるTiO2ナノ粒子を用いて、光電変換電極に多段電子輸送層や光反射層を設けることで光電変換効率が著しく改善された色素増感太陽電池（DSSC）を製作し、電流密度-電圧曲線、交流インピーダンス曲線、等価回路理論式を用いて内部抵抗を推定し変換効率への影響を考察した。レーザー励起時間分解発光分光装置を用いて、光電変換電極の過渡発光を観測した。酸化物半導体ナノ粒子に吸着した色素分子の発光減衰曲線から、一重項励起状態からの失活過程に関する反応速度定数を決定した。また、ヨウ化鉛ペロブスカイト中の励起子の拡散長およびその寿命を測定するため、時間分解分光法によって光ルミネッセンスを観測した。We studied dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) consisting of multilayered nanocrystalline TiO2 films with sensitizer dye to achieve economical photovoltaics with high power conversion efficiencies and better durability. The best fitting of the current-voltage curve to the theoretical equation allowed us to evaluate the series resistor RS, which values agree well with those derived from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results certified the validity of the equivalent circuit employed and the individual resistances obtained from EIS. Ultrafast electron injection favorably proceeds from photoexcited dye molecule to TiO2 for the primary photovoltaic process in the DSSC. This electron injection should compete with other decays such as fluorescence emission or intramolecular nonradiative transitions. We estimated the rate constants for respective pathways from push-pull type organic dyes and compared the fluorescence lifetimes of dyes between isolated and adsorbed species.科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書 研究種目：基盤研究(C)（一般）, 研究期間：2017～2019, 課題番号：17K05760 研究分野：反応物理化学, 研究者番号：50190682. 9p
Impact of discontinuation of fish oil after pioglitazone–fish oil combination therapy in diabetic KK mice
Get PDFPioglitazone is one of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and an insulin-sensitive drug for type 2 diabetes. In our previous study, a combination of pioglitazone andfish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was shown to inhibit pioglitazone-induced side effects, such as accumulation of subcutaneous fat andbody weight gain. However, the effects of the discontinuation of fish oil after combination treatment with TZD and fish oil are not clear. In this study,discontinuation of fish oil for 4 weeks showed several unfavorable effects: (1) return of plasma adiponectin level, (2) reversal of the inhibition of lipogenesis andactivation of fatty acidβ-oxidation in liver, (3) increase in hypertrophic adipocytes in epidydimal white adipose tissue (WAT) and (4) accumulation of lipids inbrown adipose tissue (BAT). However, insulin resistance was ameliorated by pioglitazone with or without fish oil treatment and the discontinuation of fish oil.These findings indicate that discontinuation of n-3 PUFA after combination therapy with TZDs adversely affects lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in liver,epididymal WAT and BAT.Article 10826
Prediction of skin permeation and concentration of rhododendrol applied as finite dose from complex cosmetic vehicles
Get PDFFinite dose experiments represent clinical use wherein depletion of dose, evaporation of excipients, and gradual change in vehicle composition may occur. In the present study, we attempted a mathematical approach for predicting skin permeation and concentration of a cosmetic active, rhododendrol (RD), from complex vehicle-based formulations applied in finite dose. In vitro skin permeation and concentration studies of RD were conducted from formulations containing water and polyols with concentrations ranging from 10 to 100% under infinite and finite dose conditions using vertical Franz diffusion cells. Observed data for skin permeation and the viable epidermis and dermis (VED) concentration of RD were estimated by the differential equations under Fick’s second law of diffusion together with water evaporation kinetics and changes in the partition coefficient from vehicles to the stratum corneum. As a result, a goodness-of-fit was observed allowing accurate estimation of skin permeation and VED concentration of RD. This mathematical approach could become a useful tool to estimate the skin permeation and concentration of actives from topical formulation applied in finite dose conditions likened in actual use.Article 11918
Re-thinking the Role of Teaching Practitioners as Providers of Realistic Job Preview (RJP)
Get PDF2020 年4 月から導入された高等教育の修学支援新制度（いわゆる「高等教育無償化制度」）では、この制度を受け入れる高等教育機関（大学等）に機関要件として、一定の条件を満たした実務家教員（実務経験のある教員）による授業を指定時間数組み入れること等が義務付けられた。実務家教員の採用自体は、従来からも各大学で行われている。今回の制度によって求められる実務家教員の役割には、これまでと異なるところがあるのだろうか。本稿では、若手社員の早期離職が雇用する企業側にも、また退職者自身のキャリア・プランにも大きな問題となっていることに着目する。この改善のために、実務家教員が自らの経験を活かして在学生に働きかけを行い、卒業後の早期離職を減少させる動機付けをすべきことを、人的資源管理（HRM）分野の「Realistic Job Preview (R.J.P.)」という概念を軸に提案する。A new system of tertiary education learning support (so-called free tertiary education) was introduced from April 2020, and tertiary institutions that adopt this system must meet certain conditions.One of them is that it is now obligatory for institutions to offer classes taught by teaching practitioners (teachers with practical experience) for a specific number of hours.Until now, the hiring of practitioner faculty members has been left to each individual university. Will there any difference in the expected role of teaching practitioners under the new system?In this paper, the author focuses on the issue of newly employed graduates having a tendency of quitting soon after beginning work, which presents a major problem for companies, as well for the futures of the graduate themselves.In order to improve this situation, it is proposed that teaching practitioners should use their experiences to reach out to current students and motivate them in order to reduce numbers who quit soon after beginning work, according to the model of Realistic Job Preview (RJP), in the field of human resource management (HRM).研究ノー
The analysis on human-relationship program; toward application to special activity course
Get PDF中学校及び高等学校の教育課程は，学校教育法施行規則に規定されているが，その中に特別活動が含まれており，特別活動において育成することを目指す資質・能力は，教育課程全体において特別活動が果たすべき役割なども含めて「人間関係形成」「社会参画」「自己実現」の三つの視点として整理されている。これらの育成において有効に機能するアドベンチャー教育を，城西大学教職課程センターが主催する「教員養成講座 春季合宿」において，教員採用試験の受験を目指す学生を対象として実施した。目的は，初対面の学生たちの相互理解を図り人間関係を育成し，各参加者相互の理解を深め充実した研修とするためである。実践報告では，この手法を紹介し，今回の合宿における成果を報告するとともに特別活動におけるアドベンチャー教育の効果的な活用について述べる。実践報
Improvement of the Solubility and Evaluation of the Physical Properties of an Inclusion Complex Formed by a New Ferulic Acid Derivative and γ-Cyclodextrin
Get PDFFerulic acid derivative 012 (FAD012) is a ferulic acid (FA) derivative. The current study prepared a solid dispersion of FAD012 and γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) and ground it using a three-dimensional ball mill (3DGM) to prepare an inclusion complex. This study also assessed the physicochemical properties such as solubility of that complex. A Job’s plot indicated that FAD012 and γCD formed an inclusion complex at a molar ratio of 1:1. Phase solubility diagrams revealed that FAD012 produced a BS diagram. According to PXRD, FAD012 produced a diffraction peak at 2θ = 7.0° and γCD produced a diffraction peak at 2θ = 9.1°. Those two peaks were not produced by the 3DGM, but new peaks (2θ = 7.3 and 16.5°) were evident. DSC patterns revealed an endothermic peak due to the melting of FAD012 at 190 °C, but no endothermic peaks were evident with the 3DGM. NIR spectra of the 3DGM indicated that the methyl group of FAD012 produced a higher peak and that the OH groups of γCD produced a higher peak. 1H-1H ROESY NMR spectra (D2O) revealed cross peaks for protons of the methyl group of FAD012 and a proton (H-3) in the cavity of γCD, so FAD012 presumably interacts with the wide opening of the γCD torus. A solubility test (25 °C) indicated that solubility improved about 5-fold for the 3DGM in comparison to the solubility of FAD012 alone (about 140 μg/mL). Based on these findings, an FAD012/γCD complex was formed by cogrinding, and its solubility improved. These observations are expected to expand the usefulness of cogrinding of FAD012 with γCD using a 3D ball mill.This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes
