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Aims to establish a new preventive method for periodontal alveolar bone resorption using sudachi pericarp specific flavonoids
Get PDF歯槽骨吸収を主たる病態とする歯周病は，国内外における有病者数の増加が懸念されており，予防法の確立は今後期待される急務の研究課題である。そこで，本研究は歯周病性骨吸収をはじめとする炎症性骨破壊に対するポリメトキシフラボノイドsudachitinを用いた予防法確立を目指して立案した。Sudachitinは破骨細胞前駆細胞に直接作用し，細胞内ROS産生を抑制するとともに破骨細胞形成を強力に抑制することが示唆された。一方、LPS投与マウスの頭蓋骨に観察された骨吸収像は、LPSとともにsudachitinを同時に投与するとLPSで誘導された炎症性骨吸収像を減少することが明らかとなった。Periodontal disease, which is mainly caused by alveolar bone resorption, has a problem of increasing the number of prevalence in Japan and overseas. Therefore, the establishment of preventive measures is an urgent research topic expected in the future.The present study was planned with the aim of establishing a preventive method using a poly-methoxy flavonoids sudachitin to inflammatory bone destruction, including periodontal disease bone resorption.We suggest that suduchitin suppresses intracellular ROS production of osteoclast precursor cells and strongly suppresses osteoclast formation. On the other hand, bone resorption images were observed in the skull of LPS-administered mice. However, sudachitin revealed that LPS-induced inflammatory bone resorption was reduced.科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書 研究種目：若手研究(B), 研究期間：2016～2019, 課題番号：16K20677 研究分野：骨代謝学, 研究者番号：40609096. 7p
Involvement of serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of a novel curcumin derivative CUD003
Get PDF現代のストレス社会において、うつ病は誰もが罹患する可能性のある精神疾患であり、その予防法および有効な治療薬が求められている。本研究では、クルクミンをリード化合物として合成した新規クルクミン誘導体CUD003の抗うつ効果について検討した。CUD003は社会的敗北ストレスによるうつ様行動に対して比較的強いうつ様症状の改善効果を示した。またストレス負荷による副腎の肥大に対しても、著名な改善効果が確認された。その抗うつ効果の一部には5-HT神経系が関与すること、その受容体として5-HT1A、5-HT2A、および5-HT3受容体が関与していることが示された。In this study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of a novel synthetic derivate of curcumin CUD003 and the possible mechanism of its action. Treatment with CUD003 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. CUD003 was more effective than curcumin in the FST. The antidepressant-like effect of CUD003 was abolished by the pretreatment with pCPA (a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor), WAY-100635 (a 5-HT1A antagonist), ketanserin (a 5-HT2A/C antagonist), or ondansetron (a 5-HT3 antagonist). Moreover, social defeat stress-induced depressive behaviors as evidenced by an increased immobility time in the FST, and a decreased grooming time in the sucrose splash test were attenuated by the treatment of CUD003. These results suggest that CUD003 has more potent antidepressant-like effect than curcumin, which may be mediated by the serotonergic systems through 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT3 receptors.科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書 研究種目：若手研究(B), 研究期間：2017～2019, 課題番号：17K15902 研究分野：神経薬理学, 研究者番号：80582238. 6p
Effects of fatty acids on energy metabolism and biological rhythm
Get PDF食生活由来の生活習慣病を予防するためには、摂取する脂肪の「量」とともに「質」が重要である。若年男性被験者を対象とし、高不飽和脂肪酸食（高オレイン酸）と比較し高飽和脂肪酸食（高パルミチン酸）の摂取によって、①24時間の脂質酸化量が減少、②睡眠前半の深睡眠が減少、③深部体温の頂点位相が後退、④血球中の時計遺伝子発現の日内変動は変化しない、という結果を得た。飽和脂肪酸の過剰摂取はエネルギー代謝（脂質酸化量）を低下させることに加え、睡眠や生体リズムの観点からもそれらの疾患誘発に拍車をかけている可能性が示唆された。今後は、その他の脂肪酸組成の食事を摂取することによる効果の検証へと進展させていく。Present study was to examine acute effects of monounsaturated and saturated dietary fats on diurnal variation in energy metabolism and biological rhythm in human. Ten young male subjects consumed the high saturated fatty acid meal (high palmitic acid) or high unsaturated fatty acid meal (high oleic acid). Compared with meal rich in unsaturated fatty acid, consumption of high saturated fatty acid meal induced the followings; 1) Fat oxidation was significantly decreased over 24 hours, 2) Slow wave sleep was significantly decreased in first half of sleep, 3) Acrophase of core body temperature was delayed in the evening.It raised the possibility that the ingestion of different fatty acids may affect all of these parameters of biological rhythm. High intake of saturated fatty acids may be a risk factor of obesity through circadian derangement and inhibit fat oxidation. The present study will progress to examining the effects of consuming meals with other fatty acid compositions.科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書 研究種目：若手研究(B), 研究期間：2017～2019, 課題番号：17K13234 研究分野：栄養生理学, 研究者番号：70632264. 5p
Categorisation of Pharmaceutical Adverse Events Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database: Characteristic Adverse Drug Events of the Elderly Treated with Polypharmacy
Get PDFBackground Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in elderly individuals differ from those in younger adults;thus, adverse drug events (ADEs) are common in older patients with polypharmacy because co-existing comorbidities elevate the risk of ADEs occurring. However, ADEs have not yet been characterised based on the elderly patients of Japanese origin and polypharmacy.Objective The 100 most commonly reported ADEs were grouped into four classes (Class 1–Class 4) based on elderly patients with polypharmacy.Patients and Methods In this study, logistic regression analysis was performed using cases recorded in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.Results ADEs in elderly patients treated with polypharmacy—in whom the risk of electrolyte abnormalities, renal and respiratory disorders, and coagulopathy was high—were categorised as ‘Class 1 [E(+), P(+)]’, while ADEs in elderly patients not treated with polypharmacy—in whom the risk of delirium and fall was high—were categorised as ‘Class 2 [E(+), P(−)]’. When there was no association with being elderly, ADEs associated with polypharmacy that carried a high risk of myelosuppression and infection were categorised as ‘Class 3 [E(−), P(+)]’, and allergic ADEs that were not affected by being elderly or polypharmacy, were categorised as ‘Class 4 [E(−), P(−)]’. Class 1 events as well as Class 3 ADEs occurred more frequently in females than in males, whereas Class 3 ADEs (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) occurred more frequently in males.Conclusions Class 1 and Class 2 ADEs should be investigated in analyses that focus on individual drugs.Open Access :This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by-nc/4.0/
On the Transition of the Role of the Government in British Economics
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the evolution of views on the role of government from the findings of British economists. The economists discussed here are: W. Petty, founder and mercantilist of statistics, A. Smith, the founder of economics, J. S. Mill in the period of capitalist stability, A. Marshall, founder of the Cambridge School, A. C. Pigou, the advocate of welfare economics, and J. M. Keynes, the founder of macroeconomics and advocated for new Liberalism.Petty and Smith argued that the role of the government was to build and maintain industrial and social infrastructure for economic development. Mill was concerned about the growing role of the government in economic development, and attempted to divide it. Marshall, Pigou and Keynes refer to the role of government in an economically developed society. Marshall showed how the construction and maintenance of industrial and social infrastructure as a role of government contributes to economic development. Pigou argues that there is a role for government in incorporating market failures into the economy. Keynes, from a new liberalistic perspective, argues that fiscal policy is always necessary for the economy to stabilize, and that it is the role of government. Therefore, over the years, as the size of the economy expanded, the role of the government and the rationale for the role of the government were expanded, but suppression and regulation of the policy of such expansion were repeated.通巻第43
Measuring the Generic Skills of University Students with the PROG test : Results from a Questionnaire Survey on Literacy and Competency
Get PDF本稿ではPROG テストを用いて，大学生のジェネリックスキル（社会で必要とされる汎用的な能力）の測定を行い，リテラシーやコンピテンシーの水準とそれらを構成するさまざまな能力について，特に学年による変化に注目して分析した。例えば，リテラシーの構成要素としての情報分析力は1・2 年生においては目立って低かったが，3・4 年生では大きく上昇しており，大学の授業や就職活動の経験などを通じて情報を分析する能力が向上する可能性が示唆された。また，リテラシーよりもコンピテンシーの方が全体として学年とともに着実に向上していく傾向があり，とりわけ親和力，協働力，統率力で構成される対人基礎力の伸びが大きいことが分かった。This study measured the generic skills（universal skills required in society）of university students using the PROG test and then evaluated the levels of their literacy and competency and the various abilities that compose them, with particular attention to changes with grade. For example, the ability to analyze information as a component of literacy was remarkably low in the first and second graders, but increased significantly in the third and fourth graders, suggesting that it may improve through university classes and job hunting experiences. In addition, competency tended to improve steadily with grades as a whole, compared to literacy, and the growth in interpersonal skills, which consisted of affinity, collaboration, and leadership, was particularly large.通巻第43
Academic Freedom and Prevention Measures Against Sexual Harassment in France
Get PDF本稿の主な目的はフランスの大学におけるセクシャル・ハラスメント防止策の位置づけ及びその概要を示すことである。研究教育における教授の自由は憲法院により共和国の諸法律により承認された基本的諸原理と位置づけられている。しかし男性教員からハラスメント被害を受けた女子学生は、その高い独立性を批判する。大学の運営に参加して、セクシャル・ハラスメントの予防措置をとるよう働きかけている。すでにハラスメントに関する手引きを備えている大学もあるが、パリ・ディドロ大学はさらに男女平等局の設置、被害者相談業務の外部専門機関への委託、医学部と連携する医療機関でのハラスメント予防システムの構築を行ってきている。大学が男女平等に向けて変われば教授の自由がより自覚の上で厳格に行使され、それが究極的にはセクシャル・ハラスメントの防止につながるであろう。The main purpose of this paper is to outline prevention measures implemented by French Universities to tackle the issue of sexual harassment between teachers against students. The academic freedom of professors in their research and teaching activities is a fundamental principle recognized by the laws of Republic, as defined by the Constitutional Council. However, female students who complain of being harassed by male teachers are attacked for doing so. Students have demand action and began participating in university councils in order to achieve prevention measures against sexual harassment. A few universities have developed sexual harassment guidelines, although Paris Diderot University has gone a step further and has established a gender equality center that provides faculty and students with assistance through a third-party agency. It has also expanded its system to deal with harassment to hospitals that have connections with its medical school. However, some feel that the academic freedom of professors has become too restricted due to changes in university policy that emphasize gender equality.研究ノー