7341 research outputs found
Sort by
Research on the words and attitudes of adults that increase junior high school students’ motivation to learn
Get PDF本研究では，中学生の学習意欲を高める親や教師の具体的な支援や働きかけのあり方を検討することを目的とした。大学生７６名を協力者としたアンケート調査の結果，中学生の学習意欲を高める言葉，学習意欲を下げる言葉，学習意欲を高める親や教師の態度・姿勢，学習意欲を高める中学校のあり方が具体的に示された。それらに基づき，親や教師による望ましい働きかけのあり方について論じた。学生論文 / Students’ essay 指導教員：浅原知
Preparation and Characterization of a Glutathione-Responsive Doxorubicin Prodrug Modified by 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide Group- its Selective Cytotoxicity toward Cells with Enhanced Glutathione Production
Get PDFGSH biosynthesis is enhanced in cancer cells that express the variant isoform of the surface antigen CD44 (CD44v), which is overexpressed in certain types of cancer. The GSH-responsive prodrug Ns-Dox was prepared by modifying the GSH-responsive group 2-nitrobenzene sulfonyl (Ns) with the model drug doxorubicin (Dox). Its function was evaluated based on its molecular interaction with model DNA in terms of its binding constant (Ka). The association constant of Ns-Dox was lower, and its interaction with model DNA was weaker compared to that of Dox, suggesting that Ns-Dox may act as a less toxic prodrug. HCT116 cells with high CD44v expression and GSH levels and BT474 cells with low CD44v expression and GSH levels were used. The addition of Ns-Dox to HCT116 cells produced cytotoxic effects similar to those of Dox. In contrast, a significant difference in viability was observed between Ns-Dox- and Dox-treated BT474 cells at low concentrations. These findings suggest that Ns-Dox functions as a prodrug with low environmental toxicity and a lower GSH concentration in cancer cells. It is efficiently activated to Dox in cells with high GSH production, demonstrating its cell-killing effects.Article No.4128 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Effects of pharmacists’ communication strategies and patients’ numeracy skills on willingness to take medication
Get PDFObjective: This study investigated whether providing numerical adverse event information and social norm nudging in medication counselling enhances patients’ willingness to take medication differently, depending on their numeracy skills.
Methods: An online survey was conducted with 554 Japanese adults who were randomly assigned to one of four medication counselling scenarios, combining numerical and non-numerical adverse event information with or without a social norm nudge. After viewing counselling videos on a hypothetical diabetes drug, participants’ willingness to take the medication and subjective numeracy skills were assessed.
Key findings: The results indicated that numerical adverse event information significantly improved medication willingness among more numerate participants, but had no significant effect on less numerate participants. In contrast, social norm nudging was more effective for less numerate individuals, whereas it had no significant effect on more numerate participants.
Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of tailoring counselling strategies to patients’ numeracy levels to optimize decisionmaking and improve adherence. As a practical implication, the findings suggest that brief numeracy screening before medication counselling may enable pharmacists to optimize their communication strategies. Moreover, the findings offer a foundation for pharmacists to implement numeracy-based communication strategies in clinical counselling to enhance patient-centred communication.Issue Section: Research Pape
Evaluation of a Novel Ion-Exchange Resin, St-70, with a Cross-Linking Degree of 40% and Various Numbers of Methylene Groups in the Porous Shell
Get PDFThe complex relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and carbohydrate elution presents a challenge for the development of polymer materials for high-performance liquid chromatography under a wide range of conditions. We evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the shell on carbohydrate separation. Core-shell ion-exchange resins with a monomer weight ratio of 30:70 (denoted as St-70) were synthesized with a constant cross-linking degree of 40%. The number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell was varied from two to six (denoted as St-70 (40% Me:2, 4, and 6)) to analyze the carbohydrate separation performance under strongly alkaline conditions. A mixture of inositol, glucose, fructose, and sucrose was separated using a 0.10 or 0.15 mol/L NaOH eluent at flow rates of 0.3-0.7 mL/min. As the number of methylene groups increased, glucose, fructose, and sucrose for St-70 (40% Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3-0.7 mL/min with 0.10 mol/L NaOH eluent showed the largest retention times. The carbohydrates for St-70 (40% Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mL/min showed the largest theoretical plate numbers when the number of methylene groups was changed from two to six. These results suggest that St-70 core-shell ion-exchange resins are highly efficient for carbohydrate analyses. Their suitability under strongly alkaline conditions facilitates their effective use in electrochemical detection
キタサカド ニギワイ サロン ツウシン ダイ127ゴウ
No full text11月2、3日は城西大学学園祭「高麗祭」 【予告】12月6日（土）にサロンイベント開催！ 薬学部医療栄養学科コラム(レシピはサロンまで!
Inclusion Complexes of Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate with γ-Cyclodextrin and Cyclodextrin-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Solid-State Characterization and Improved Solubility in Fasted-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid
No full textIn this study, stearyl glycyrrhetinate (SG), a poorly water-soluble derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, was formulated into inclusion complexes with γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) and cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks (CD-MOF-1) using the evaporation method (EVP) in the solid state. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirmed the disappearance of SG’s crystalline and melting peaks, suggesting complexation and amorphization. Meanwhile, solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR and near-infrared spectroscopy revealed chemical shift alternation and peak broadening in C–H and carbon signals. This demonstrates clear molecular interactions and differences in inclusion modes between the SG and the host materials. In solubility tests using fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid, EVP (SG/γCD = 1/2) and EVP (SG/CD-MOF-1 = 1/2) significantly increased in SG solubility by approximately 194-fold and 193-fold, respectively, compared with intact SG. Both complexes achieved rapid release from the early stages of testing. CD-MOF-1 showed unique dissolution behavior attributed to its rigid three-dimensional framework. These findings suggest that forming inclusion complexes with γCD or CD-MOF-1 can enhance the aqueous solubility and dissolution performance of SG, offering promising potential for the development of oral SG formulations.Funding: This research was supported by Josai University. γ-Cyclodextrin was received from CycloChem Co., Ltd.; however, the company was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication. The authors declare no competing financial interest
Carbohydrate Separation Using the Core-Shell Ion-Exchange Resin St-80 with Different Numbers of Methylene Groups in the Porous Shell and a Constant Cross-Linking Degree
Get PDFClarifying the relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and the elution of carbohydrates is essential for analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the perspective of novel resin development, we evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell on carbohydrate separation. Core-shell ion-exchange resins with a monomer weight ratio of 20:80 (denoted as St-80) were synthesized with a constant cross-linking degree of 55%. The number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell was varied from two to six for analyses of carbohydrate separation performance under strong alkaline conditions. A mixture of inositol, glucose, fructose, and sucrose was separated using a 0.10 or 0.15 mol/L NaOH eluent at flow rates of 0.3–0.7 mL/min. The retention times were compared among St-80 variants with different numbers of methylene groups in the porous layer. As the number of methylene groups increased, the retention times of each carbohydrate for St-80(Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3–0.7 mL/min with 0.10 mol/L NaOH eluent increased slightly. The theoretical plate numbers of glucose and fructose at flow rates of 0.5 and 0.7 mL/min decreased as the number of methylene groups decreased from six to two. These results suggest that St-80 core-shell ion-exchange resins are highly efficient for carbohydrate analyses. Their suitability for strongly alkaline conditions allows their effective use in electrochemical detection.This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited
