Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies
IRIHS - Institutional Repository at IHSNot a member yet
6516 research outputs found
Sort by
Rezension: Lisa Mense, Ulla Henrix, Sophie König, Heike Mauer und Jennifer Nigel: Multidimensionale Geschlechterungleichheiten im akademischen Mittelbau: Arbeit, Karriere, Perspektiven
Full text linkDer Beitrag umfasst eine Rezension zum Band "Multidimensionale Geschlechterungleichheiten im akademischen Mittelbau: Arbeit, Karriere, Perspektiven", der auf prekäre Beschäftigung im Hochschulbereich fokussiert
Good intentions and the costs of inaction: Financial protection in Austria
Full text linkUnderstanding the financial strain of health care costs borne by households is crucial for assessing the equity and affordability of a health system. Building on an already generous system, Austrian health policy has strived over decades to include more and more people in its Social Health Insurance Schemes and to find ways to lower individual financial burden. Using data from the Austrian household budget survey for the years 2004/05, 2009/10, 2014/15 and 2019/20, this study investigates whether these efforts have been successful. Analyzing expenditures on various health care types, including medicines, medical products, outpatient care, dental care, diagnostic tests and inpatient care, our study aims to determine how the percentage of households experiencing catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) according to WHO definitions has changed over time. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with CHE. The results reveal an increase in the prevalence of CHE from 2.1 % in 2004/05 to 3.6 % in 2019/20. Across all survey rounds, at least 60% of households experiencing CHE belonged to the poorest consumption quintile. Age, sex, educational attainment and employment status of the head of the household emerged as factors associated with CHE from the regression analysis. The observed rise in CHE is surprising given Austria’s generous health system and the introduction of policies during the study period aimed at expanding the breadth and depth of coverage. It serves as an example for other countries that failing to tackle underlying structural problems in the healthcare system may counteract financial protection policies
European countries policy responses against SARS-Cov-2 in the context of vaccinations
Full text linkNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are essential tools for containing or mitigating the spread of a novel virus until vaccination becomes available. Given their well-known side effects, NPIs should be employed only as long as necessary and largely replaced by population immunity through vaccination. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, countries adopted various strategies for implementing NPIs and administering vaccinations. While differences in NPIs and vaccination strategies among countries have been descriptively illustrated, they have not yet been quantified. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the differences in NPIs across 10 European countries immediately after vaccinations became available
The Discourse on Social Egg Freezing in Austria: Individual Solution to a Societal Problem
Full text linkSocial egg freezing (SEF) is the process of freezing a woman’s eggs for non‐medical reasons to preserve her ability to become pregnant in the future. SEF is both praised as a procedure that every woman should consider to prolong fertility, and criticized for medicalizing social problems, making unrealistic promises, trivializing risks, and having a poor cost–benefit ratio. This article explores the debate surrounding SEF and societal attitudes towards it in Austria, a country currently discussing the legalization of the procedure. Ten qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals involved in the public debate on medically assisted reproduction (MAR). Thematic analysis revealed three groups of respondents—advocates, ambivalents, and one opponent—who held different views on several key themes. All groups perceived SEF as not being “the” solution to the underlying problem of balancing parenthood and work. Interviewees demanded comprehensive counseling before SEF, including information about the technical procedure and medical risks. Many interviewees characterized the Austrian debate on MAR as polarized, describing policymakers as frequently uninformed and the political system as stagnant and reluctant to reform. They also expressed a need for more public debate in an open and dialogue‐driven spirit. This article contributes to existing research by investigating the Austrian discourse on SEF, a topic that has rarely been explored. It shows that the regulation of SEF remains controversial in Austria, with attitudes towards it being based not only on the right to reproductive autonomy, but also on a wide range of broader social issues in contemporary societies
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2025–2029. Mäßiges Wachstumspotenzial in einem fragilen globalen Umfeld
Full text linkHow disability type, gender, and home language influence students’ placement in inclusive or separate class settings
Full text linkAlthough educating students with and without disabilities in one classroom is not proof of an inclusive school system, it is at least a significant first step towards inclusive education and improved student participation. This study focuses on the allocation of inclusive or separate class settings for students with various types of disabilities. It also evaluates to what extent gender and home language are connected to type of schooling. A survey of all students with special educational needs (SEN) in Austria (N = 26,102) was conducted, of which for some analyses a partial sample (n = 20,120) was used. Types of disabilities covered were: (1) students with behavioural difficulties, (2) students with behavioural difficulties and intellectual disability, (3) students with autism spectrum disorder and (4) students with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Results indicated that all four groups are more frequently enrolled in separate class settings. Furthermore, female students with autism spectrum disorder and students with autism spectrum disorder speaking a different home language than the language of instruction show a lower likelihood of attending an inclusive class setting. The results indicate that decisions regarding student class allocation are somewhat arbitrary and thus need to be closely questioned
Ungewissheit als erstrebenswerte kollektive Praxis
No full textUngewissheit ist eine unausweichliche Bedingung des menschlichen und gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Sie auszuhalten kann jedoch unangenehm und anstrengend sein. Viele Menschen versuchen, Ungewissheit in ihrem Alltag zu reduzieren – mitunter auf Weisen, die nicht nur illusorisch, sondern auch sozial und demokratiepolitisch schädlich sein können. Der Vortrag beschäftigt sich damit, Ungewissheit nicht nur als individuelles Unbehagen oder Defizit zu begreifen, sondern vor allem als bewusste Haltung, die autoritären Versuchungen und schnellen Lösungen entgegenwirkt und Räume für Ambivalenzen und differenzierte Perspektiven öffnet
Forschung ist mehr als Biowissenschaften
No full textInnovation entsteht, wo Disziplinen sich begegnen: Es mögen Fragen in der Quantenforschung gelöst werden, aber die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Folgen erfordern interdisziplinäre Einsicht – und einen Blick auf mögliche Risike
Contract breach with overconfident expectations: Experimental evidence on reference-dependent preferences
Full text linkThis study examines the effect of agents' overconfident expectations in their production on their contract breach. Drawing on a reference-dependent framework, we theoretically deduce propositions for compliance to agreements where an agent exhibits overconfidence and loss aversion. We further conduct a lab experiment with a multiple-stage design and find that overconfident agents are more likely to breach the contract than non-overconfident agents. Moreover, overconfident agents breach more often and to a greater extent with increasing loss aversion. We also test the impact of a non-deterministic environment (“shock condition”) where payoff misestimation can be masked compared to a deterministic environment (“no-shock condition”). Agents breach more often in the shock condition, but breach extent remains unaffected. Results are mostly in line with the theoretical framework. In a treatment, we manipulate agents' overconfidence exogenously and use it as an instrument to establish causality