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Electropolymerised polyaniline films on AA 7075 alloy and its corrosion protection performance
No full textPolyaniline has been electrodeposited on AA 7075 alloy and its corrosion protection ability has been
studied by Tafel and impedance techniques in 1% NaCl. Pure polyaniline film is not found to protect
the aluminium alloy due to galvanic interaction of polyaniline and aluminium surface exposed through
pinholes and cracks. However, it is found that the corrosion resistance property of the polyaniline film
can be substantially increased by post-treatment in cerium salt solution
A process for the manufacture of a novel cemet anode useful for eco-friendly electrolytic extraction of metals from fused salts
No full textThe present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a novel cermet anode useful for eco-friendly electrolytic extraction of metals, such as aluminum, from fused salts. The process provides a novel cermet anode which consists of compositions of mixed oxides of transition and rare earth metals in combination with metal powders, without any binders, and is amenable to high-pressure compacting and high temperature sintering methods. The novel cermet anode manufactured by the process of the present invention is thermally stable at 1000° C, is chemically inert and non-consumable in a cryolite melt and does not contaminate the cathode product, has low and high anodic over voltages for oxygen and fluorine evolution, respectively, and is dense and resistant to oxidation
Rapid synthetic routes to prepare LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 as a high voltage high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode material
No full textLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, a high voltage and high-capacity cathode material for Li-ion batteries, has been
synthesized by three different rapid synthetic methods, viz. nitrate-melt decomposition, combustion
and sol–gel methods. The first two methods are ultra rapid and a time period as small as 15 min is
sufficient to prepare nano-crystalline LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. The processing parameters in obtaining the
best performing materials are optimized for each process and their electrochemical performance is
evaluated in Li-ion cells. The combustion-derived LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 sample exhibits large extent of
cation mixing (10%) while the other two methods yield LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 with cation mixing <5%.
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 prepared by nitrate-melt decomposition method exhibits superior performance as
Li-ion battery cathode material
Characteristics of brush electrodeposited CdS films
No full textCdS films were deposited by the brush electrodeposition technique on conducting glass and titanium substrates at different current densities in the range of 30 – 300 mA cm-2 and at 80°C. The films exhibited polycrystalline structure with the cubic phase. After post heat treatment in argon atmosphere the crystal structure changed to hexagonal. The band gap of the films was around 1.39eV. The refractive index value decreases from 2.6 to 1.57 as the wavelength increased from 550 nm to 1000 nm. The electrical conductivity varied in the range of 0.1 to 20 ohm cm as the annealing temperature is increased. The value of carrier density decreases from 3.13 x 1018 to 2.7 x 1017 cm-3 with increase of annealing temperature.Laser Raman studies indicated LO phonon peaks at 150 cm-1 and 600 cm-1
A sustainable mediated electrochemical process for the abatement of NOx from simulated flue gas by using Ag(I)/Ag(II) redox mediators
No full textElectrochemical removal of NOandNO2 by using Ag(I)/Ag(II) redoxmediator systemin nitric acidmedium
by two-stage scrubbing processwas investigated. Experimentswere carried out for the complete removal
of NO and NO2 from the stimulated flue gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The process
parameters like current density, Ag(I) concentration, HNO3 concentration, initial concentration of NO,
Ag(I) concentration and temperature were studied and optimized. A removal efficiency of >99% was
achieved using this sustainable redox process. Ag(II)/Ag(I) can be regenerated and reused for the scrubbing
of waste gases continuously and there is no other gases emission during scrubbing
Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview
No full textElectrochemical capacitors are electrochemical devices with fast and highly reversible charge-storage
and discharge capabilities. The devices are attractive for energy storage particularly in applications
involving high-power requirements. Electrochemical capacitors employ two electrodes and an aqueous
or a non-aqueous electrolyte, either in liquid or solid form; the latter provides the advantages of
compactness, reliability, freedom from leakage of any liquid component and a large operating
potential-window. One of the classes of solid electrolytes used in capacitors is polymer-based and they
generally consist of dry solid-polymer electrolytes or gel-polymer electrolyte or composite-polymer
electrolytes. Dry solid-polymer electrolytes suffer from poor ionic-conductivity values, between 10�8
and 10�7 S cm�1 under ambient conditions, but are safer than gel-polymer electrolytes that exhibit high
conductivity of ca. 10�3 S cm�1 under ambient conditions. The aforesaid polymer-based electrolytes
have the advantages of a wide potential window of ca. 4 V and hence can provide high energy-density.
Gel-polymer electrolytes are generally prepared using organic solvents that are environmentally
malignant. Hence, replacement of organic solvents with water in gel-polymer electrolytes is desirable
which also minimizes the device cost substantially. The water containing gel-polymer electrolytes,
called hydrogel-polymer electrolytes, are, however, limited by a low operating potential-window of
only about 1.23 V. This article reviews salient features of electrochemical capacitors employing
hydrogel-polymer electrolytes
Synthesis and characterization of lithium holmium silicate solid electrolyte for high temperature lithium batteries
No full textA new Li-ion conducting holmium based solid
electrolyte by the sol–gel method was synthesized. The
synthesis was carried out at low temperature compared to
conventional methods by which lanthanoid silicates are
synthesized. The formation temperature of the compound
was found through differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric
analysis (DTA-TG). The sintered samples
were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and ac impedance spectroscopy. The
temperature dependence of conductivity was analysed. The
experimental results show that the formation temperature
of the lithium holmium silicate was found to be above
500 �C. Highest conductivity obtained was in the order of
10-4 S cm-1 at 750 �C
EMI Shielding: Methods and Materials—A Review
No full textThe growth in the application of electronic
devices across a broad spectrum of military, industrial,
commercial and consumer sectors has created a new
form of pollution known as noise or radio frequency
interference (RFI) or electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference or malfunctioning of equipment. Therefore, there is a
greater need for the effective shielding of components
from its adverse effects. This review surveys the shielding
materials like metals, conducting plastics and conducting
polymers for the control of electromagnetic radiations
Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using cylindrical flow reactor and optimization of treatment conditions
No full textThis paper examines the use of electrooxidation for treatment of wastewater obtained froma pharmaceutical industry. The wastewater
primarily contained Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. With NaCl as supporting electrolyte, the effluent was treated in a cylindrical
flow reactor in continuous (single pass) mode under various current densities (2–5 A/dm2) and flow rates (10–40 L/h). By cyclic
voltammetric (CV) analysis, the optimum condition for maximum redox reaction was determined. The efficiency of chemical oxygen
demand (COD) reduction and power consumption were studied for different operating conditions. From the results it was observed
that maximum COD reduction of about 85.56% was obtained at a flow rate of 10 L/h with an applied current density of 4 A/dm2.
FT-IR spectra studies showed that during electrooxidation, the intensities of characteristic functional groups such as N-H, O-H
were reduced and some new peaks also started to appear. Probable theory, reaction mechanism and modeling were proposed for the
oxidation of pharmaceutical effluent. The experimental results demonstrated that electrooxidation treatment was very effective and
capable of elevating the quality of treated wastewater to the reuse standard prescribed for pharmaceutical industries
Removal of arsenic from aqueous solution using electrocoagulation
No full textRemoval of arsenic from aqueous solution was carried out using electrocoagulation. Experiments were
conducted using mild steel sacrificial anode covering wide range in operating conditions to assess the
removal efficiency. The maximum arsenic removal efficiencywas recorded as 94% under optimum condition.
The electrocoagulation mechanism of arsenic removal has been developed to understand the effect
of applied charge and electrolyte pH on arsenic removal efficiency. Further the experimental data were
tested with different adsorption isotherm model to describe the electrocoagulation process