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High performance polyaniline containing coating system for wet surfaces
No full textApplication of paint coatings on wet surfaces is rather difficult due to poor adhesion of coatings. For
painting of wet surfaces, moisture curable coating systems based on epoxy resin and ketimine are found
to be useful. Hence a study has been made on the corrosion protection ability of coating on wet surfaces
using epoxy resin, ketimine and polyaniline. Paints with 20–30% PVCwere prepared and applied over the
wet steel surface and the corrosion protection performance of the coating was found out by salt spray
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. Coating with 20% PVC is found to offer very
high protection since the impedance values are remained at greater than 109 �cm2 after immersion and
salt spray tests
LiFAP-based PVdF–HFP microporous membranes by phase-inversion technique with Li/LiFePO4 cell
No full textPolyvinylidenefluoride–hexafluoropropylene-based
(PVdF–HFP-based) gel and composite microporous
membranes (GPMs and CPMs) were prepared by phaseinversion
technique in the presence 10 wt% of AlO(OH)n
nanoparticles. The prepared membranes were gelled with
0.5-M LiPF3(CF2CF3)3 (lithium fluoroalkylphosphate, Li-
FAP) in EC:DEC (1 : 1 v/v) and subjected to various characterizations;
the AC impedance study shows that CPMs exhibit
higher conductivity than GPMs. Mechanical stability
measurements on these systems reveal that CPMs exhibit
Young’s modulus higher than that of bare and GPMs and
addition of nanoparticles drastically improves the elongation
break was also noted. Transition of the host from α to β
phase after the loading of nanosized filler was confirmed by
XRD and Raman studies. Physico-chemical properties, like
liquid uptake, porosity, surface area, and activation energy,
of the membranes were calculated and results are summarized.
Cycling performance of Li/CPM/LiFePO4 coin cell
was fabricated and evaluated at C/10 rate and delivered a discharge capacity of 157 and 148 mAhg−1 respectively for
first and tenth cycles
PEFC Electrode with Enhanced Three-Phase Contact and Built-in Supercapacitive Behavior
No full textHydrous ruthenium oxide, which exhibits both protonic and electronic conduction, is incorporated in the cathode electrocatalyst
layer of the membrane electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The supercapacitive behavior of ruthenium
oxide helps realize a fuel cell–supercapacitor hybrid. Platinum (Pt)nanoparticles are deposited onto carbon-supported hydrous
ruthenium oxide and the resulting electrocatalyst is subjected to both physical and electrochemical characterization. Powder X-ray
diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reflect the hydrous ruthenium oxide to be amorphous and well-dispersed onto the
catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirm that the oxidation state of ruthenium in Pt anchored on carbon-supported
hydrous ruthenium oxide is Ru4+. Electrochemical studies, namely cyclic voltammetry, cell polarization, intrinsic proton conductivity,
and impedance measurements, suggest that the proton-conducting nature of hydrous ruthenium oxide helps extend the
three-phase boundary in the catalyst layer, which facilitates improvement in performance of the PEFC. The aforesaid PEFC
operating with hydrogen fuel and oxygen as oxidant shows a higher power density �0.62 W/cm2 @ 0.6 V� in relation to the PEFC
comprising carbon-supported Pt electrodes �0.4 W/cm2 @ 0.6 V�. Potential square-wave voltammetry study corroborates that the
supercapacitive behavior of hydrous ruthenium oxide helps ameliorate the pulse-power output of the fuel cell
Corrosion protection of iron by benzoate doped polyaniline containing coatings
No full textPolyaniline containing organic coatings based on vinyl and acrylic resins are found to protect iron in acid
and neutral media. Since dopants play an important role in forming salts with iron, a study has been
made on the effect of benzoate doped polyaniline on the corrosion protection of iron by polyaniline–vinyl
coatings in acid and neutral media. EIS studies have been made on the corrosion protection performance
of vinyl coating on steel with 1% polyaniline in 0.1N HCl and 3%NaCl up to 100 days of exposure. It has been
found that benzoate doped polyaniline containing coating has found to offer more protection in neutral
media than that in acidic media due to passivating ability of benzoate ions in neutral solution, along with
iron–polyaniline complex
Studies on a Mg-Al-Zn Alloy as an Anode for the Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water in an Electrocoagulation Process
No full textThe present study provides an electrochemical coagulation process for the removal of
fluoride from drinking water using a Mg-Al-Zn alloy, magnesium, aluminum and
mild steel as anodes and stainless steel as cathode. Various parameters which may
affect the removal efficiency of fluoride from water, such as pH, concentration of fluoride,
current density, temperature and co-existing ions were studied. Electrochemical
coagulation was carried out for 30 min at an initial fluoride concentration of 5.0 mg/
L and this was reduced to 0.2 mg/L. A maximum removal efficiency of 96% was
achieved with a magnesium alloy as anode and stainless steel as cathode at a current
density of 0.2 A/dm2 and a pH of 7.0
Electrochemical Degradation of Remazol Black B Dye Effluent
No full textThis study focused on the electrochemical degradation of hydrolyzed Remazol Black
B (CI Reactive Black 5), a common diazo reactive dye, in aqueous solution. In the presence
of various auxiliary dye chemicals, a typical Remazol Black simulated exhausted
dyebath liquor was treated electrochemically in various basic electrochemical reactor
configurations such as batch, batch recirculation and single pass systems. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, electrolysis duration, specific
electrode surface and fluid flow rate on pollutant removal and energy consumption
performance of the systems was critically evaluated. Batch studies show the following
operating parameters, current density: 2.5 A/dm2, electrolysis duration: 6 h,
and supporting electrolyte concentration: 3 g/L, were optimal for good overall performance
of the system. Color removal was complete by 3 h of treatment for all combinations
of parameters studied. The pollutant removal performance of the batch
recirculation system was found to have improved considerably by increasing the flow
rate. Performance of the batch recirculation system was comparatively better than
the other rector configurations studied, with respect to capacity utilization and
energy consumption
Tailoring self-assembled monolayers at the electrochemical interface
No full textThe main focus of this review is to illustrate the amenability of self-assembled monolayers
(SAMs) for functionalisation with different receptors, catalytic materials, biomolecules, enzymes, antigen-
antibody, etc for various applications. The review discusses initially about the preparation and characterization
of SAMs and tailoring of SAMs by incorporation of suitable recognition elements. A
description of how the molecular recognition is achieved through forces like electrostatic, covalent and
host–guest interactions is included in the review
Electrochemical degradation of pulp and paper industry waste-water
No full textBACKGROUND: Conventional biological waste-water treatment techniques are insufficient to degrade large quantities of
dissolved lignin discharged by small-scale paper mills. The current investigation is aimed at comparing the overall performance
of basic electrochemical reactor configurations such as batch, batch recirculation, recycle and single pass systems, in removing
the organic part of waste-water from a small-scale, agro-based paper industry. The effect of current density, supporting
electrolyte concentration, duration of electrolysis, specific electrode surface and fluid flow rate on the removal of pollutants
and energy consumption are critically evaluated. The improvement in biodegradability of the effluent during treatment is also
noticed.
RESULTS: The batch recirculation mode of operation was found to be superior in comparison with a batch system using the
same specific electrode surface for both COD removal (73.3 vs. 64%) and capacity utilization (rate constant 1.112 × 10−3 vs.
1.049×10−3 cms−1). Thepollutant removalperformance of thebatch recirculation system improved considerablywith increase
in the circulation flow rate. At the best operating point in the recycle system, 59% of COD was removed, corresponding to a
current efficiency of 68.9% and specific energy consumption of 18.46 kWh kg−1. The biodegradability index of thewaste-water
was improved from 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.36 ± 0.01.
CONCLUSION: A recycle reactor was the best configuration, because of its flexibility of operation. Circulation flow rate and
withdrawal flow rate enable the control of transfer coefficients and treatment duration respectively. Electrochemical treatment
not only removes the bulk of the organicmatter, but alsomakes the remaining pollutantsmore easily biodegradable
High performance dye-sensitized solar cells containing 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolinium iodide-effect of additives and solvents
No full textIn this work, the influences of redox electrolyte, additives and solvents on the photovoltaic performance
of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) containing 1-methyl-3-propyl-imidazolinium iodide (MPII) as the
electrolyte were investigated. An optimum conductivity of 20.31 mS cm1 for 0.6 M MPII in acetonitrile
(AN) was found out from the conductivity measurement. Diffusion coefficient of I3 and photocurrent density
(JSC) of the DSSC varied with concentration of I2. Among the different inorganic and organic iodides as
additives, the DSSC showed high performance with lithium iodide (LiI) and tetrabutylammonium iodide
(TBAI), respectively. The performance of the DSSCs with different solvents was studied. From the EIS
studies, it was inferred that the poor conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs were associated with high
charge transfer resistance, noted along the TiO2/solvent interface. A high conversion efficiency of 6.7%
(JSC of 14.8 mA cm�2, VOC of 0.74 V, fill factor (FF) 0.62 under one sun (AM 1.5)) was obtained for the DSSC
containing the electrolyte composition of 0.6 M of MPII/0.2 M of LiI/0.06 M of I2/0.5 M of TBP in AN along
with the incorporation of light scattering particles (TiO2 of 300 nm)
Corrosion Protection Mechanism of Polyaniline Blended Organic Coating on Steel
No full textEpoxy–coal tar coatings are widely used to protect steel structures exposed to marine atmosphere due to their good barrier
property. However, the presence of micropores and microcracks formed during the coating formation leads to failure of the coating
due to permeation of corrosive ions. In recent years, it has been established that the coatings containing polyaniline �PANI� is able
to protect pinholes and defects due to its passivating ability. Hence, a study has been made on the effect of polyaniline content �1
and 3%� in epoxy–coal tar coating on the corrosion protection of steel in 3% NaCl solution by electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy �EIS� studies. Both phosphate- and chloride-doped polyanilines were prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization
method. From EIS studies, it has been found that the resistance value of the coatings containing 1 and 3% phosphate-doped
polyaniline and 3% chloride-doped polyaniline pigmented coatings are �109 � cm2 even after 90 days exposure to NaCl solution,
which are two orders high in comparison to that of conventional coal tar epoxy coatings. Besides, the conducting state of
polyaniline has been found to be decreased after exposure to NaCl solution due to redox property of PANI. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy studies have shown that polyaniline forms a complex layer with iron beneath the coating along with iron oxide