Análise Psicológica
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Translation and validation of two questionnaires assessing fear of flying for Portuguese language
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to translate the FAS and FAM into Portuguese language and to assess its internal consistency, convergent and divergent validities, in a sample of Portuguese speaking population. Both scales were validated in 960 individuals, 890 from the general population and 70 flying phobics. The psychometric methods used were exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation for factor structure, Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency, Pearson’s correlations for divergent and convergent validities, and finally Mann-Whitney test also for divergent validity. Results confirmed FAS-PT as a 3 factor model and FAM-PT as a 2 factor model, like the original versions. Cronbach’s α coefficient showed excellent values for FAS-PT (.99) and FAM-PT (.97). Convergent validity showed a strong correlation in both scales, with r values between .75 and .87. In opposite, divergent validity presented a poor correlation in both scales, with r values between .28 and .38. The validity and reliability of these scales were established, enabling their use within Portuguese language speakers, for investigation and clinical settings. Nevertheless, this study should be replicated in other samples and other forms of validity should be explored.
The cultural stereotype of professional groups: Consensus, accessibility and typicality of stereotypic contents
Get PDFThe purpose of the present work was to measure the stereotypic content of several professional groups, by determining the culturally shared stereotypic attributes, their accessibility and typicality. Study 1 used a spontaneous attribute-generation-task to collect the stereotypic content of 28 professional groups in a Portuguese samples. The frequency of generation was used to measure consensus on the attributes generated. The order of generated attributes was used to determine their accessibility. To further explore the link between attributes and the professional group, a new sample (Study 2) rated how typical each attribute was of the professional group. We map out the usefulness of studying professional stereotype's content
Professional quality of life in nurses: Contribution for the validation of the Portuguese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 (ProQOL-5)
Get PDFJob stress and burnout are highly prevalent in healthcare professionals, and nurses in particular. Given its deleterious consequences not only for professionals’ well-being but also for patients and organizations, it is important to have adequate measures to assess professional quality of life. This study aimed to offer a contribution for the Portuguese validation of the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5. This scale was designed to measure three dimensions of professional quality of life: compassion satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue. The sample was composed by 390 burses recruited from five public hospitals from Portugal’s north and center regions. Participants had on average 38.58 years of age (SD = 9.10) and were mainly female, married and practiced nursing in a variety of fields with an average of 15.66 (SD = 9.09) years of practice. Results from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original version of the scale had several problematic items and that a revised version showed superior model fit. In addition, we found that female scored higher than men on compassion satisfaction. We also found that nurses working in an oncology hospital had higher scores of compassion fatigue. Finally, higher scores of burnout and compassion fatigue, and lower scores of compassion satisfaction, were associated with greater depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. The ProQOL-5 is thus an adequate instrument to assess professional quality of life in nurses and may be valuable for designing effective interventions to tackle burnout and compassion fatigue
Interface trabalho-família, vinculação romântica e parentalidade
Get PDFEste estudo pretende (a) compreender as associações entre conciliação trabalho-família e a vivência satisfatória e/ou stressante da parentalidade, (b) analisar a variabilidade destas associações em função do sexo da figura parental, e (c) testar se estas associações são afetadas pela qualidade da vinculação romântica. Recolheram-se, transversalmente, dados de 346 participantes (173 homens e 173 mulheres) que responderam a instrumentos de autorrelato, designadamente a Work-Family Enrichment Scale, a Work-Family Conflict Scale, a Experiences in Close Relationship Scale e a Parental Stress Scale. Encontraram-se diferenças, em função do sexo na predição dos efeitos do conflito e enriquecimento trabalho-família sobre as dimensões de satisfação e stress parentais. Foram também encontradas diferenças na satisfação parental, sendo significativamente mais elevada nas mulheres do que nos homens. O papel moderador da vinculação romântica na relação entre enriquecimento/conflito e satisfação/stress parentais não se verificou, embora o evitamento prediga negativamente a satisfação parental nos homens
Assessment of the affective and rational bases for urgent decision-making under extreme circumstances
Get PDFIn the framework of dual-type theories, decision making is based on two types of information processing: intuitive and reflective. Inspired by that framework, our aims were to develop a brief self-rating measurement instrument to assess the affective and reflective bases for urgent decision-making under extreme circumstances, and to study its psychometric properties. Samples comprising cadets from a military academy, military peacekeeper personnel, and the general population were used. The results showed evidence of acceptable reliability as well as structural, convergent, and known group validity for the Bases for Urgent Decisions under Extreme Circumstances inventory (BUDECI), the new 8-item inventory
Validação de um instrumento de avaliação dos fatores promotores da motivação para o trabalho: Um estudo cm profissionais de saúde oncológica portugueses
Get PDFNo âmbito da prestação de serviços de saúde, especialmente, em contexto oncológico, a associação entre motivação e satisfação no trabalho torna-se saliente. Partindo do instrumento de avaliação da motivação para o trabalho desenvolvido por Paleologou, Kontodimopoulos, Stamoli, Aletras e Niakas (2006), este estudo pretende, por um lado, avaliar a qualidade psicométrica deste instrumento, a sua estrutura fatorial, confiabilidade e validade numa amostra de profissionais de saúde de um hospital oncológico português. Por outro lado, pretende-se investigar os componentes da motivação que melhor predizem a satisfação no trabalho. Os scores dos quatro fatores do instrumento de motivação para o trabalho apresentaram boa consistência interna (α’s=> .96). Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória revelaram uma estrutura fatorial composta por18 itens distribuídos por quatro fatores, adequada aos dados correlacionais (e ao construto teórico subjacente à escala) e com garantias de fiabilidade e validade. A correlação de Pearson com a medida de satisfação com o trabalho faculta evidência acerca da validade convergente do instrumento de motivação para o trabalho. O modelo de regressão múltipla identifica os fatores job attributes, remuneration e achievements como preditores significativos da satisfação no trabalho
“To learn, or to be the best?”: Achievement goal profiles in pre-adolescents
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the achievement goal orientation profiles of 5th and 7th grade students and the profile differences in academic achievement and anxiety. Participants were 1652 Portuguese students who responded to the Achievement Goals Scale and the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Based on a person-centered approach, a cluster analysis identified six groups of students with distinct motivational profiles: task oriented, ego oriented, success oriented, disengaged, self-defeating oriented and diffuse. Diffuse oriented students was the group with higher number of participants. Concerning the gender composition of clusters, differences arise in the groups of disengaged and self-defeating orientations, with boys predominating in the former and girls in the second group. Regarding age, the success oriented students group was overrepresented by younger students and older students were more likely to adopt disengaged orientations. Clusters also presented different composition when retention was taken into account, with students who have been retained being more represented in the disengaged and diffuse groups. Moreover results showed that goal orientation profiles had effects on academic achievement and anxiety. Success oriented students had the higher grades and profiles including predominantly ego orientations are more related to class and test anxiety
Asking simultaneously about truth and familiarity may disrupt truth effects
Get PDFTell me something that sounds familiar and I will believe it to be true. This is a statement that we should believe because it summarizes a well-documented and empirically supported effect: the illusion of truth effect (see Dechêne, Stahl, Hansen, & Wänke, 2010 for a review). The fact is we are more likely to believe a statement if we have been previously exposed to it (e.g., Bacon, 1979; Hasher, Goldstein, & Toppino, 1977). Repetition increases truth-value generating the illusion that repeated statements are more valid than information we never heard or read before. A general assumption of the explanations of the truth effect is that the subjective experience of processing a familiar statement is interpreted as informing about the validity of the statement (see Dechêne et al, 2010). This implies that a process of misattribution underlies repetition’s effect on judgments of truth (e.g., Bornstein & D’Agostino, 1994; Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987; Schwarz, & Clore, 1983). In this paper we present an experiment that tests such misattribution process by making more or less explicit the real source of the feeling of familiarity with statements. In this way we test whether illusions of truth decrease when it is clear (vs. unclear) that familiarity is due to previous exposure
Aspetos psicofisiológicos da interação mãe/pai-bebé
Get PDFApesar de se conhecer a importância da qualidade dos comportamentos na interação mãe-bebé e pai-bebé, pouco se conhece sobre os aspetos fisiológicos que lhes estão subjacentes. Objectivo: descrever a resposta fisiológica de mães e pais durante a interação com os filhos. Para o efeito registou-se a frequência cardíaca, a arritmia sinusal respiratória e a condutância da pele de 24 mães e 13 pais durante a interacção com o bebé de acordo com o protocolo Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF). Resultados: Verifica-se um aumento da frequência cardíaca durante o episódio face-a-face, uma diminuição no episódio still-face e novo aumento no episódio de recuperação. Verifica-se uma diminuição da arritmia sinusal respiratória durante o episódio face-a-face, um aumento no episódio still-face e nova diminuição no episódio de recuperação. No que diz respeito à condutância da pele, as respostas de mães e pais seguem padrões diferentes: nas mulheres verifica-se um aumento durante o episódio face-a-face, uma diminuição no episódio still-face e novo aumento no episódio de recuperação enquanto que nos homens verifica-se aumento consecutivo da condutância da pele ao longo do procedimento FFSF. Conclusão: Este estudo contribui para a compreensão das respostas fisiológicas de mães e pais durante a interação com os seus bebés
Adaptação da Escala de Pensamentos Automáticos Negativos Pós-Parto para a população portuguesa: Estudos psicométricos
Get PDFOs pensamentos automáticos negativos têm um papel relevante na sintomatologia depressiva, que também se reflete no período do pós-parto. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a validação para a população portuguesa da Escala de Pensamentos Automáticos Negativos Pós-Parto (EPANP), que foi desenvolvida para avaliar a frequência de pensamentos negativos no período pós-parto. A amostra foi constituída por 387 mulheres no pós-parto que responderam a um protocolo de avaliação, num único momento de avaliação. A análise fatorial confirmatória suporta a estrutura bidimensional da versão portuguesa da EPANP: 1) Avaliação de Cognições, Emoções e Situações e, 2) Pensamentos Negativos Relacionados com o Bebé e com a Maternidade. A EPANP apresenta bons indicadores de validade convergente, validade de grupos conhecidos e de fidelidade. De forma geral, a EPANP apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas, validando assim a sua utilização na população portuguesa, sendo evidente a sua utilidade no contexto clínico e de avaliação