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Comparison of the Use of NaOH and KOH Activators in the Manufacture of Activated Carbon from Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima)
Get PDFCassava (Manihot utilissima) is a staple food beside rice and corn for Indonesia people. Cassava peel is a waste of cassava processing agroindustries such as tapioca flour industry, fermentation industry, and staple food industry. This waste contains a fairly high carbon element of 59,31%. Cassava peel has the potential to be used as raw material for activated carbon because of its high carbon content. Activated carbon production involved some steps such as preparing raw materials, carbonization, activation, neutralization, and analysis of water content, ash, iodine number, and analysis of the pore surface area of activated carbon. Activated carbon was activated using NaOH and KOH with concentrations of 0.1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; and 0,5N. The results showed that activated carbon which activated with 0,4N NaOH and 0,5N KOH provided the closest parameter with SNI 06-3730-1995 standard. The use of NaOH activator can increase the surface area of activated carbon compared to KOH activator
Sintesa Kalsium Karbonat Presipitat
No full textCalcium carbonate is one of the chemical substances, which is largely used in chemical industries such as coating and fìlters in paper, toothpaste, paint etc. Based on bulk density, this substance is classified into two kinds, which are light and heavy calcium carbonate. The need of calcium carbonate especially the light type is increased with the development of the chemical industries, but the domestic production of calcium carbonate cannot fulfill this need, so still needs to be improved. Precipitated calcíum carbonate (PCC) is the light type of high purity of calcium carbonate which is yielded from precipitation processes. Lìght PCC has intenal bulk density between 0,15-0.60 g/cm\u27. Synthesis of PCC from límestone consist of calcination, hydration and carbonation processes. In the calcination process, Iimestone is burnt in a high temperature to form CaO. The calcination process is usually done by the small scale industry. In the hydration process, CaO react with water to form Ca(OH), solution. Then in the carbonation process, Ca(OH),react with CO2 to form light PCC.The experíment is focused in hydration and carbonatation processes has purpose to learn the ffict of ratio of CaO/HrO during hydration process and the effect of CO2, dilution by N, gas flow rate during carbonøtion process against percentage of CbaO converted to PCC. The result of this experiment are (l) maximum conversion of CaO to PCC is 50% and (2) the quality of product light PCC has fulfilled the specification for paper fille
Oksidasi Larutan Kalium Thiosulfat dalam Ekstrak Abu Tandan Sawit dengan Udara
Get PDFPotossium sulphate is a kínd offertilizer whích nowadrys is still imported. The efortþr producing itfromdiferentfeedstockwås irwestigatedby many researchers. ThÍs researchwas an ahernativeway toproducepotassium sulphatefrom ash of empty palm-bunch. This objective ofthis researchwas particularly to studythe kinetic ofoxidationreaction ofpotassium sulphate productionfrom actract of ash ofempty palm-bunch,The æperíment was conducted by/ìlling the reactor with a potassium thiosulphate solution and thereþrebubbling air from bottom of the reactor with specitìed flow røe until steady condition was attained Theproductwas ønd analyzed at several certain time intervals. Iodometric methodwas appliedþr thiosulplwteanalysis and grartimetric method for sulphate analysis The øcperimental results showed that oxidationreaction rate of thiosulphate to sulphate was controlled by the reaction step, Temperature dependence ofthe rate constant consìdered by Arrhenius\u2
Pembuatan Genteng dari Lumpur Lapindo dan Lempung Pundong dengan Variasi Komposisi
No full textPembuatan Genteng dari Lumpur Lapindo dan Lempung Pundong dengan Variasi Komposis
Characteristics and Applications of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Reject Water of PT Cirebon Electric Power as Voltaic Cell Electrolyte and Salt Raw Material
Get PDFSea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) reject water produced by PT Cirebon Electric Power has not been optimally utilized. In this research, a study of the characteristics of SWRO reject water was carried out to determine important properties such as turbidity, conductivity, pH and salinity. This characteristic is important as a basis for consideration of SWRO reject water applications. In addition, data were taken from a fairly long period of 5 years of SWRO operation (2016-2021) so that the consistency of the data can be known. The results showed that SWRO reject water had low turbidity (0.18±0.08 NTU), high conductivity of ca. 76.000 µS/cm, neutral pH and high salinity (4.6±0.3%). The study of the utilization of SWRO reject water was then carried out, namely as an electrolyte for salt water lamps and as raw material for making salt. The results showed that SWRO reject water can be used as an electrolyte for salt water lamps which produces a voltage potential up to 1.4 Volts (20% higher than seawater electrolyte). As a raw material for salt, the salt produced has excellent characteristics (eg 99% NaCl) and complies with SNI 3556:2016, except for the KIO3 content.Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) reject water produced by PT Cirebon Electric Power has not been optimally utilized. In this research, a study of the characteristics of SWRO reject water was carried out to determine important properties such as turbidity, conductivity, pH and salinity. This characteristic is important as a basis for consideration of SWRO reject water applications. In addition, data were taken from a fairly long period of 5 years of SWRO operation (2016-2021) so that the consistency of the data can be known. The results showed that SWRO reject water had low turbidity (0.18±0.08 NTU), high conductivity of ca. 76.000 µS/cm, neutral pH and high salinity (4.6±0.3%). The study of the utilization of SWRO reject water was then carried out, namely as an electrolyte for salt water lamps and as raw material for making salt. The results showed that SWRO reject water can be used as an electrolyte for salt water lamps which produces a voltage potential up to 1.4 Volts (20% higher than seawater electrolyte). As a raw material for salt, the salt produced has excellent characteristics (eg 99% NaCl) and complies with SNI 3556:2016, except for the KIO3 content
Modification of Natural Carbolic Acid from Arpus wit Lemongrass Essential oil as a Disinfectant
Get PDFCarbolic acid is a cleaning fluid or disinfectant that can be used to clean various kinds of surfaces, especially floors. Carbolic acid is used to prevent germs and viruses from growing so as to prevent disease and its spread. Most housewives often use chemical-based floor cleaners that are immediate or more practical. Long-term and too frequent use can be harmful to the body and the environment. Therefore, one solution to minimize this is to use natural ingredients that are already available and developed in Lubuklinggau City, such as lemongrass to be used as carbolic acid. The preparation begins by dissolving the arpus into the NaOH solution until it dissolves, then adding a mixture of pine oil, teepol and propylene glycol until everything is homogeneously mixed. Carbol is ready to use. The resulting product is carbolic floor disinfectant. Modified natural carbolic acid from arpus and lemongrass can be used as a disinfectant because based on the results of research that has been done it can kill E-coli bacteria and has a fairly high effectiveness with an inhibition zone of 19.2 mm
Utilization of Papaya Seed Powder as a Bioadsorben to Reduce Total Iron (Fe) in Wastewater
Get PDFPapaya is a tropical plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Papaya seeds have a high cellulose content, so that papaya seeds can be used as raw material for adsorbents (biosorbents). Biosorbent is used to reduce environmental pollution through the absorption of various types of liquid waste including heavy metals. Fe is an essential heavy metal if in excess amounts can cause toxic effects. One of the methodes to reduce of iron ion in wastewater is the adsorption method is using papaya seed biosorbents. The aim of study was to determine the effectivness of using papaya seedd as bioadsorbent to reduce of iron ion in the wastewater. Papaya seed as the adsorbent agent activated ones was used in five particle size and contact time variations in order to determine the optimum particle size and contact time of papaya seed powder to absorb the heavy metals. The results show that the optimum adsorbent particle size was 100 mesh and the optimum contact time was 60 minute. The adsorption efficiency of (Fe) metal ions in wastewater was 60%, the adsorption capacity value was 0.365 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of adsorption process is pseudo second order
THE MANUFACTURE ELECTRODE PROPERTIES ON THE HYDROGEN REACTION KINETIC IN PMFC
Get PDFEconomic and environmental issues are forcing industry to e4rlore altemative energy sources for vehicles and electronic devices. Much effort is being put into fuel cell research because tliey hold the promise of high energy density, low environmental impact, and broad applicability. Hydrogen is the main source of fuel for high performance applications with water being the only product, These attributes make the hydrogen fuel cell a practical replacement for many power sources that are inefficient and environmentally unfriendly. T\u27he basic functionalunit of the fuel cell is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The MEA is the loci where the electrochemistry occurs to produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. The MEA consists of the polymer membrane with an electrode adhered to either side. The electrode contains the platinum electro-catalyst dispersed on carbon black with a polymer binder. The effect of gas diffusion electrode to the perfonnance of fuel cells was studied in a single cell. Performance dependence on the intrinsic material properties rvas studied by Fuel cell test system. The interdependence between gas diffusion electrode and fuel cell performance was covered. Long-term stability of the PEMFC stack built in the l¿boratory of Advanced Energy Systems was dernonstrated by operating it continuously
AIIALISIS TEORI DAN EKSPERIMENTAL PENGUMPUL SURYA DUA-PASS DENGAN MEDIA BERPORI
Get PDFThe double-pass solar collector with porous media in the lower channel provides a higher outlet temperature compared to conventional single-pass collector. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the solar collcctor is higher. The solar collector can be used for wide variety of applications such as solar industrial process heat and solar drying of agricultural products. A theorelical model has been developed the double-pøss solar collector. Anexperimental setup has been designed and constructed. Comparison of the theoretical and the experimental results have been conducfecl such comparisons include the outlets temperatures and thermal eficiencies of the solør collector for various design and operating conclitions. Close agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental results
Potency of Alluvial Mineral of Luk Ulo River with XRD and AAS in Kebakalan Village Kebumen
Get PDFBased on petrographic data, XRD, and fluid inclusions, it was interpreted that the quartz veins associated with low sulfide in Karangsambung area underwent 2 stages of system change from mesothermal system to epithermal system. This means showing the mineral potential contained in material, including on the Luk Ulo River where alluvial deposits are present. Therefore, what needs to be done next is to determine the composition of the material of the alluvial material in the Luk Ulo River, Kebakalan Village using XRD, and AAS so that its potential is known. This research is limited to mineral potential in XRD and AAS (Au, Ag, and Cu) in 2 samples, A (sand) and B (rock). XRD results on samples A and B showed that quartz (SiO2) had the highest percentage (30-50%) compared to other minerals. While the results of the AAS tests showed that the highest Au and Ag contents were in sample B and Cu in sample A with total of 19.30 g/ton Au, 8.67 g/ton Ag, and 62.88 g/ton Cu. Meanwhile, the lowest total Au and Ag were in sample A and Cu was in sample B which amounted to Au 11.32 g/ton, Ag 8.67 g/ton, and Cu 34.86 g/ton