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Penggunaan Chlorella sp. sebagai Alternatif untuk Mengolah Limbah Cair Industri Pengolahan Susu
Get PDFOne of methods of treating waste in the most efective and chepest way is by biological method because it utilize mícrobes that are abundant in natural etwironment. Microbe actívities can be utilízed to produce a system that can accomplish recycling process, so they can control the quality of waste. This research is aimed to carry out test by utilizing microbes Chlorella sp. that is belonged to phytoplanktons that are used as innoculum for treating waste miIk industry. The research was conducted at the Environmental Technical Laborotory of ISTA Yogtøkortarta for 3 months, wíth activities starting from Chlorella sp. culturing, preliminary research for determining the concentration of optimal inocallum growth to the main research, the application of Chlorella sp. for milk waste treatment. From the result of research, it was evident that milkwaste milk Índustry exerted positive influence on the growth of Chlorella sp. that could reached optimal rate. The optimal growth rate, in turn, could be utilized to improve milkwaste quality, especially to reduce BOD, soluble CO, and to íncrease DO as well as to neutralize pH. Other efect of optimal Chlorellasp. growth was that protozoa populatíon growth that sustain and acceleratethe treatment of this milkwaste
Pemecahan Emulsi Simulasi dengan Variasi Salinitas Air Menggunakan Gelombang Mikro
No full textPemecahan Emulsi Simulasi dengan Variasi Salinitas Air Menggunakan Gelombang Mikr
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH IKAN MENJADI TEPUNG IKAN SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN
Get PDFLimbah ikan laut ( kepala, ekor ) telah diketahui mengandung protein dengan kadar yang relatif tinggi. Untuk memanfaatkan protein yang terkandung dalam limbah ikan, maka dapat diolah menjadi tepung ikan. Tepung ikan sebagai sumber protein hewani sangat baik jika dijadikan produk olahan makanan untuk menunjang gizi yang dibutuhkan manusia. Limbah ikan diolah menjadi tepung ikan dengan cara dilarutkan memakai NaOH,kemudian diendapkan memakai HCI pada pH tertentu. Selain dihasilkan tepung ikan yang berprotein tinggi, juga tahan dalam penyimpanan karena selama proses kandungan air dan lemak ikut berkurang sampai kandungan airnya berkurang dari 10%. Proses hidrolisis memakai NaOH dilakukan pada kondisi suhu 60oC, waktu 2 jarm, pH = 3; dengan jumlah limbah ikan : 20 gram dan NaOH 0,5 N sebanyak 200 ml, akan diperoleh tepung ikan dengan kadar protein sekitar 38,82 %
Effect of Alum Dose in the Coagulation Process for Decreasing the Pollutant in the Palm Oil Mill Effluent: Experimental and Kinetic Analysis
Get PDFPalm oil mill effluent (POME) is palm oil processing industrial waste that cannot be discharged directly into water bodies. Therefore, this waste must be treated. One method that can be used to treat it is coagulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coagulant doses on the coagulation process for treating the POME through experimental and kinetic analysis. The alum dose was varied to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L. The volume of treated waste was 1 L. Before adding alum, the pH of POME was adjusted to 7.0 with the addition of technical grade NaOH. The coagulation process was carried out for 180 minutes at room temperature. Every 20 minutes, the pH of the liquid was measured and a fluid sample as much as ±50 mL was taken to be settled for 24 hours. Next, the total suspended solid (TSS) concentration in the supernatant was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of alum could decrease the liquid pH and increase the TSS of the liquid. The coagulation process for 180 minutes resulted in a TSS reduction efficiency of 33.3, 33.3, 37.1, 1.7, -17.8% at alum doses of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 g/L respectively. The first-order kinetic model provided a better prediction than the second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.7876-0.9707 and 0.2746-0.8912, respectively
Adsorption Equilibrium of Methylene Blue By Activated Carbon From Post-Anthesis Male Flower Palm Oil Waste
Get PDFMethylene blue (MB) is wastewater from the textile industry. This dye is difficult to degrade naturally because it has a benzene group in its chemical chain. There are several ways to reduce waste, one of the economical ways is by using adsorption. In this study, MB was adsorbed using activated carbon from post-anthesis male flower palm oil (PAMF) waste which was activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH). The adsorption process was carried out at various temperatures (30, 40, and 50℃). The results showed that the addition of a KOH activator could increase the sorption capacity of methylene blue by 25.64%. The optimum temperature is suitable for the adsorption process of methylene blue with activated carbon of PAMF waste activated by KOH at a temperature of 30℃ with an adsorption capacity of 58.4793%. The adsorption equilibrium mechanism was studied using two types of adsorption isotherm models, namely the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Based on the data obtained, the MB adsorption process on activated carbon was compatible with the Freundlich model an R2 of 0.9557
Isotherm and Adsorption Thermodynamics Cross-Linked Chitosan Microcapsules of Kalium Pershulphate to Methyl Orange Dye
Get PDFModeling of isotherm and adsorption thermodynamics in this study, leads to the determination of the classification of adsorption isotherms and the determination of the amount of energy and entropy to determine the impeccability of the process. As an adsorbent, a potassium persulfate crosslinked chitosan microcapsule was synthesized through a microencaptulation process using a solvent evaporation method with a carboxy methyl cellulose CMC coating. The characteristics of the chitosan microcapsules that were formed had a degree of deacetylation of 53,92 %, and a bn mutant diameter around 1-100 µm. Test materials used azo methyl orange dyes, which are often found in industrial waste and laboratory waste. Observations were made with variations in the concentration of methyl orange solution 5, 7,5, 10, 12,5, 15, 17,5 and 20 ppm at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 ° C. The calculation results show that the adsorption isotherm model obtained approaches the Langmuir isotherm model. The results of the analysis of temperature effects obtained positive Gibbs energy change values (ΔG) so that the adsorption process takes place non-spontaneously. The values of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of 33,86 kJ / mol and 0,0899 kJ / mol.K. This indicates that adsorption occurs chemically adsorption, is endothermic and adsorbat is not completely adsorbed
Metanolisis Minyak kelapa dengan Katalis Enzim Lipase dalam Bubuk Getah Pepaya (Carica Papaya Latex, CPL)
No full textThis research was aimed to obtain an alternative way for manufacturing methyl ester which is cheaper with a quality that meets the standards. According to its availability and abundance in Indonesia, coconut palm oil was applied as the raw material and lipase enzyme in papaya latex was used as its catalyst
Koefisien Perpindahan Massa pada Ekstraksi Protein dari Biji Kecipir dengan Pelarut NaOH
No full textKoefisien Perpindahan Massa pada Ekstraksi Protein dari Biji Kecipir dengan Pelarut NaOH
Polymerization Styrene dengan Solven Toluena
Get PDFPolystyrene is the result of free radical-addition polymerization of styrene monomer with the initiator benzoyl peroxide. This research aims to study the effect of variable temperature and ratio of toluene-styrene (T / S) against the conversion and reaction kinetics of polymerization of styrene with toluene solvent and initiator benzoyl peroxide. This research was conducted in two stages, ie preliminary experiments with test FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) to prove that the manufacture of polystyrene was successful. Manufacture of polystyrene begins with purifying styrene monomer, and then enter a toluene-styrene (5:1 volume ratio, 5:2, 5:3, 5:4) and 0.2 gram of benzoyl peroxide into a three-neck flask and heated to the desired temperature (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100)oC. Samples were taken every 15 minutes. Each sample is added 0.01 grams of hydroquinone in 10 ml of ethanol and shaken gently to precipitate the polystyrene, then wet samples were weighed, put in oven at 200oC for 1.5 hours. Dried sample was cooled in eksikator then weighed to determine the weight of polystyrene formed. From the experimental results at optimum condition of reaction time of 120 minutes, the temperature of 100oC and toluene-styrene ratio of 5:4, obtained by conversion of 58.75%. The global rate reaction according to equation k\u27 = 5963 exp (-8901 / T)
POLIMERISASI AKRILAMIDA DENGAN METODE MIXED SOLVENT PRECIPITATION MENGGUNAKAN INISIATOR KALIUM PERSULFAT
Get PDFPoliakrilamida merupakan hasil polimerisasi adisi radikal bebas menggunakan monomer akrilamida dan inisiator kalium persulfat. Polimerisasi ini meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu : inisiasi, propagasi dan terminasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Mixed Solvent Precipitation dengan campuran pelarut etanol-air. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu terhadap konversi, kinetika reaksi dan berat molekulpolimer. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mereaksikan monomer akrilamida dengan campuran pelarut etanol dan air (perbandingan 3:1) serta inisiator kalium persulfat. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC dan 75 oC. Dari hasil polimerisasi akrilamida diperoleh persamaan konstanta kecepatan reaksi sebagai fungsi suhu dan pada konsentrasi monomer 20%, suhu reaksi 70oC, waktu reaksi 240 menit diperolehkonversi 58,07% dan berat molekul 61580,83 g/mol