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A holographic dual-channel interferometer
No full textA holographic, optics-based dual-channel interferometer with an in-built phase-shifting element is described. The interferometer can be used for testing two different phase objects simultaneously and independently. Additionally, a single object could be studied simultaneously in two different modes (e.g. finite and
infinite fringe states) in this interferometer. The related geometry of the proposed interferometer along with
experimental results is presented
Covalent Immobilizations of Myosin for In-Vitro Motility of Actin
No full textThe present study reports the covalent immobilization of myosin on glass surface and in-vitro motility of actin-myosin biomolecular motor. Myosin was immobilized
on poly-L-lysine coated glass using heterobifunctional cross linker EDC and characterized by AFM. The in-vitro motility of actin was carried out on the immobilized myosin. It was observed that velocity of actin over myosin increases with increasing actin concentration (0.4{1.0 mg/ml) and was found in the range of 0.40{3.25 ¹m/s. The motility of actin- myosin motor on arti¯cial surfaces is of immense importance for developing nanodevices for healthcare and engineering applications
Characterization of transition metal oxide ceramic material for continuous thermocouple and its use as NTC fire wire sensor
No full textThe ceramic powder prepared from the mixture of Mn3O4 and La2O3 have been characterized for NTC behavior and the same have been used as CT2C (continuous thermocouple) sensor in the form of a thin metal cable to detect over-heating. These materials have mega ohm resistance at room temperature and showed exponential drop in resistance with the rise in temperature over a temperature range of 100-400 °C. It has been observed that as the concentration of La2O3 increases from 0 to 10% the NTC behavior drops from (400-260 °C) ′10%. The material was pressed into pellets and sintered at 700 °C for 3 h resulting in good bonding strength. Electrical characterization of the material was done by measuring the resistance over a temperature range of 100-400°C The material showed reproducible NTC characteristics over the temperature range 400, 370, 340, 280, and 260 °C with decreasing thermistor constant values (B = 9588, 9210, 8500, 5170, 3330 K-1) and activation energy (ΔE=826, 794, 733, 445, 287 meV), respectively. The decrease in activation energy of the ceramic powder with increase in La2O3 concentration makes it possible to fabricate thermal sensors which can be used in different temperature ranges. The microstructure was studied using SEM and evidence of a sintered body with grain size around 1 μm was observed in the material. XRD analysis indicated the single-phase tetragonal structure of the ceramic material. The process of using this ceramic material for fabrication of 10 ft continuous fire wire sensor has been explained
Design and development of microcontroller based clinical chemistry analyser for measurement of various blood biochemistry parameters
No full textClinical chemistry analyser is a high-performance microcontroller-based photometric biochemical analyser to measure various blood biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, urea, protein, bilirubin, and so forth, and also to measure and observe enzyme growth occurred while performing the other biochemical tests such as ALT (alkaline amino transferase), amylase, AST (aspartate amino transferase), and so forth. These tests are of great significance in biochemistry and used for diagnostic purposes and classifying various disorders and diseases such as diabetes, liver malfunctioning, renal diseases, and so forth. An inexpensive clinical chemistry analyser developed by the authors is described in this paper. This is an open system in which any reagent kit available in the market can be used. The system is based on the principle of absorbance transmittance photometry. System design is based around 80C31 microcontroller with RAM, EPROM, and peripheral interface devices. The developed system incorporates light source, an optical module, interference filters of various wave lengths, peltier device for maintaining required temperature of the mixture in flow cell, peristaltic pump for sample aspiration, graphic LCD display for displaying blood parameters, patients test results and kinetic test graph, 40 columns mini thermal printer, and also 32-key keyboard for executing various functions. The lab tests conducted on the instrument include versatility of the analyzer, flexibility of the software, and treatment of sample. The prototype was tested and evaluated over 1000 blood samples successfully for seventeen blood parameters. Evaluation was carried out at Government Medical College and Hospital, the Department of Biochemistry. The test results were found to be comparable with other standard instruments
Comparative study of water core in red delicious and golden delicious apples of Himachal Pradesh
No full textThis paper presents the transmission technique, which has been designed and developed for the study of water core in apple cultivars Red Delicious and Golden Delicious of Himachal Pradesh, India. The principle of this method is to measure the optical density of the sample at 2 selected wavelengths and computation of the optical density difference. It has been observed that Golden Delicious is more prone to water core than Red Delicious. The technique is simple and can be conveniently implemented to develop an on-line instrument to monitor water core in apples
Development and experimental investigations of extrinsic Fabry–Pérot interferometric sensor-bonding techniques for strain measurement in concrete and metallic structures
No full textMicrocontroller (MCS-51) based optoelectronic system for the determination of metal and non-metal ions
Get PDFAn optoelectronic system using Microcontroller 89C51 for measurement of concentration, absorption and transmission of inorganic phosphate phosphorous is described. Phosphorous reacts with potassium antimony tartrate and ammonium molybdate solution to form phosphoantimonyl molybdate complex, which on reduction with ascorbic acid forms blue colour. This blue coloured complex shows absorption maxima at 695 nm and obeys Lambert-Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.05-1.00 ppm. Tungsten lamp is used as a light source with a grating (600 lines/mm) to obtain a linear spectrum. A sine drive is used along with the stepper motor that can adjust the grating to achieve the desired wavelength (695 nm). Silicon photodiode is used as a detector having peak spectral response at 800 nm
1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide interference with Lowry method
No full text1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) was tested for interference with the Lowry method of protein determination.
The EDC interference was nearly additive at both 660 and 750 nm. Blue-colored complex developed in the case of EDC and
showed maximum absorbance at 750 nm, similar to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) estimation. In time response analysis, blue-colored
complex was developed after 30min of incubation in both cases (EDC and BSA); therefore, it followed the same kinetic pattern
of color development as that of BSA. Interference is believed to be caused by the reduction of the folin–ciocalteu reagent by EDC,
resulting in increased blue-colored complex and apparently causing increased protein content of the sample
Thermal stability of tantalum nitride diffusion barriers for Cu metallization formed using plasma immersion ion implantation.
No full textPlasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique was employed to form Tantalum nitride diffusion barrier films for copper metallization on silicon. Tantalum coated silicon wafers were implanted with nitrogen at two different doses. A copper layer was deposited on the samples to produce Cu/Ta(N)/Si structure. Samples were heated at various temperatures in nitrogen ambient. Effect of nitrogen dose on the properties of the barrier metal was investigated by sheet resistance, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements. High dose nitrogen implanted tantalum layer was found to inhibit the diffusion of copper up to 700 °C
Mechanically-created long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) as sensitive bend sensors
No full textAn application of mechanically created long-period fiber gratings as sensitive bend sensors in structures and other areas is suggested. A resonance splitting of about 10 nm is observed under a maximum bend curvature of 0.4 m–1, producing a bend sensitivity of 25 nm/m–1. The design features of the experimental setup developed for the realization of mechanically created long-period fiber gratings and measurement of their output spectrum under different bend curvatures are discusse