654 research outputs found
Sort by
16-bit Microcontroller Based Plant Photosynthesis Measurement System
No full textThe growing need for an appropriate utilization of the various environmental parameters for the plant growth in order to meet the food requirement of the growing population originated the main cause for the development of the 16 bit Microcontroller Based Plant Photosynthesis Measurement System. In this work PIC24FJ128GA010 Microcontroller is used along with the sensors including Carbon-Dioxide (CO2) sensor, Temperature sensor, PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation) sensor, Flow sensor, Humidity sensor and Pressure sensor. All these sensors independently will be capable enough to measure various leaf parameters related to the photosynthesis process such as leaf temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity etc. The developed system will be low cost environmental parameters optimization for enhancing crop growth and yield using the proposed photosynthesis measurement system which is rugged and compact one
Active layer thickness effects on the On-State current and pulse measurement at room temperature on deposited zinc oxide thin-film transistors
No full textThis study reports on the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductors serving as the active channel and silicon dioxide (SiO2) serving as the gate insulator. The ZnO films were deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Moreover, the effects of channel thickness on the structural and pulse current– voltage characteristics of ZnO TFTs using a bottom gate configuration were investigated. As the channel thickness increased, the crystalline quality and the channel conductance were enhanced. The electrical characteristics
of TFTs exhibited field-effect mobilities of 8.36 cm2/Vs to 16.40 cm2/Vs and on-to-off current ratios of 108 to 107 for ZnO layer thickness of 45 nm and 70 nm, respectively. The threshold voltage was in the range of 10 V to 31 V for
ZnO layer thicknesses from 35 nm to 70 nm, respectively. The low deposition and processing temperatures make these TFTs suitable for fabrication on flexible substrates
Size Dependent Reflective Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles and reflectors made thereof
No full textThe present work investigates the size dependent reflective properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and discusses the development of reflectors. The nanocrystalline TiO2
powders with different crystallinity and phase structures were obtained by controlling the reaction parameters. TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel method were
characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis absorption fluorospectrophotometer and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Rutile phase TiO2 nanoparticles with crystallite sizes in the range, 77.50 - 78.31 nm, were obtained by adjusting the L value in the range 20 to 50. On
calcining the TiO2 powders from 350oC to 900oC, the particle size increases from 60 to 150 nm and band gap energy decreases from 3.42 to 3.14 eV, calculated respectively using TEM micrograph and UV-Vis absorption spectra. PL spectrum shows a broad luminescence peak at 431 nm, irrespective of the different calcination temperatures. TiO2 nanoparticles with L value of 40 shows the attainment of maximum diffuse reflectance (99.50 - 99.60%). Employing these nanoparticles as reflective pigment, coating material
was prepared and applied on plastic substrate with different coating thicknesses to develop reflectors. These reflectors show maximum diffuse reflectance, 97.12 - 96.91%,
for the 0.25-mm thick coating with 17% pigment to binder weight ratio
Biomedical Instrumentation-Research and Applications
No full textMedical instrumentation has been one of the thrust areas of R & D at CSIR-CSIO since its inception. Medical instruments of a wide variety involving multi-disciplines were realised in the laboratory in the past, which were not only useful in preventive and curative health-care measures but were also
necessary for carrying out physiological investigations. The focus of biomedical engineering group here has been on diagnostic, therapeutic and prosthetic devices for rehabilitation purpose. With the advancement in measurement sciences and analytical techniques, the field of medical
instrumentation has witnessed a phenomenal transformation through the convergence of engineering and life science. CSIR-CSIO has also been making constant efforts to incorporate "Intelligence" in all its medical instruments in the broad areas of diagnosis, patient monitoring, therapy and rehabilitation. These efforts have resulted in state-of-art equipment involving efficient man-machine interface and capability for detection, automatic diagnosis, auto-calibration and failure diagnosis. Clinical Chemistry Analyser to evaluate important biochemical parameters of blood such as glucose, urea, protein, bilirubin, etc, Sodium Potassium Analyser to determine sodium and potassium levels
in urine, blood, serum, etc, Pulse Oximeter designed optimally for output power, size, weight and features, Myoelectric Arm, Programmable Electronic Knee, Hand Held Scanning Device for reading by the blind, Anaesthesia Workstation, etc are some of the devices & gadgets successfully developed in the laboratory in the recent past. Future programme includes developing capabilities in Robotic
surgery and intelligent assistive devices required in hospitals and soldier movement in hills
Body Area Network based Health Monitoring of Critical Patients: a Brief Review
No full textThe paper discusses recent techniques for the detection of physical, chemical and biological signals along with their measurement and recording in case of children, elderly people and critical patients. Physical properties that can be sensed include temperature, pressure, vibration, sound level, weight, flow rate of gases and liquids, etc. The smart sensors which can be worn by the patient connect to the master hub (Central Computer) of the doctor sitting at a distance using wireless information and communication
technology (ICT) network. The features of this technique include portability and non-invasive nature resulting in non-interference with the day to day activities of the patients. This technology is advantageous in the regions having limited resources and situations where continuous emergent diagnosis is required
Method for Enhancing and Controlling Temperature Sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Based on Two Bimetallic Strips
No full textThis paper presents a novel structure based on bimetallic strips for enhancing temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Two different types of sensor
heads have been designed for this implementation. The first sensor head consists of an FBG that is fixed between ceramic block on one side and a bimetallic strip made up of
aluminum and copper on the other. The second sensor head consists of an FBG that is fixed between two bimetallic strips. Theoretical and experimental studies carried out on these proposed sensor heads resulted in an increase in temperature sensitivity of about six times greater than that of bare FBG sensor. Further, the proposed sensors have shown good linearity and stability
Optical Coefficients of Gold Nanorod Embedded Tissue - Variant Parameters
No full textIn this study, the electrostatic approximation is used to evaluate the optical coefficients of gold nanorod embedded tissue. These are influenced by the tissue type, size of gold nanorod and the wavelength of incident radiation
Soft Computing Based HUD Brightness Switching System for Mitigating Tunneling Effect
No full textThe main role of head-up displays (HUDs) is to provide key flight, navigation, guidance, aircraft, weapon and target information to the pilot in his forward field of view on a see through screen known as beam combiner (BC).
Hypothetically, it allows for optimal control of the aircraft events through the concurrent scanning of HUD symbology and the outside world scene. While the HUD has been shown to improve flight performance and efficiency of the pilot, there are perceptual and cognitive issues associated with its usage. It is found that in case of HUD usage the pilot’s attention in an aircraft is driven by display salience, his/her mission and his/her expertise. The physical properties of the display like color, salience, brightness, orientation, size, and clutter; pilot’s mission and expertise; and task requirements
determine the level and division of attention and tunneling
between the aircraft and the outside events. Based on the
study results, it has been established that the HUD display
brightness plays a key role in affecting pilot’s event detection capability. While the brightness of the HUD display can make the features embedded in the symbology significant, it can also force the pilot’s attention to be focused on the aircraft or the outside event depending on the level of the ambient brightness, HUD display brightness and the contrast ratio. The experimentation conducted under varying ambient brightness conditions resulted in varying responses from the participants depending on the ambient brightness, HUD display brightness and the display contrast ratio. The results showed the effect of these parameters on the capability of pilot to detect unintentional attention fixation to the display and to detect changes in aircraft events shown on HUD, or the outside environment. The behaviour of the participants was thus studied to simulate the likely behaviour of pilot under such conditions. The results were translated into a neuro-fuzzy based system such that the HUD display brightness could be dynamically altered to maintain adequate contrast ratio to minimize the tunneling effect due to the HUD brightness and resulting salience factors, thus also optimizing the attention between the aircraft (HUD symbology) and the outside event
Computer aided diagnostic tool for osteoporosis estimation
No full textQuantitative estimation of osteoporosis is the need of the hour. A majority of the older population worldwide is suffering from this disease. X-ray examinations are the most widely used method for osteoporosis estimation. It has severe limitation of examination being qualitative. The paper presents a novel approach by digitising the X-ray films using an X-ray digitiser and analysing the digitised films using LabVIEW Software. The method calculates the Osteoporosis Estimation Index on the basis of the ratio of histogram calculated for selected reference ROI and measurand ROI on the digitised patient images. The results indicate the accuracy and reliability of the technique over the present methods use
Physico-chemical transformations in swift heavy ion modified poly(ethyleneterephthalate)
No full textThin films of poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) were exposed to different radiation dose brought about by 80 MeV carbon and 98 MeV silicon ion beam. The UV–vis absorption studies reveal that there is decrease in optical band gap energy to the extent of ∼29.3 and 42.1%. The X-ray diffraction analyses have shown that crystallite size decreased by ∼18.6 and 52.6%, indicating amorphization of PET. The colour of PET films change from colourless to light yellowish followed by light brown as radiation dose is increased. The colour formation has been ascribed to an increase in conjugation in the carbon chain. In the case of PET irradiated with carbon ion, the electrical conductivity increased with frequency beyond a threshold value of 1 kHz. The increase in conductivity of PET films on irradiation is due to formation of defects and carbon clusters as a result of polymer chain scission. The thermal study further confirmed the increase in amorphous nature with increase in radiation dose. The results indicate that radiation dose brings about significant physicochemical transformations in PET