654 research outputs found
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Higuchi fractal dimension as a measure of analgesia
No full textAvoidance of patients' intraoperative awareness and explicit recall of pain during surgery is important. Conventional methods of depth of anesthesia (DoA) monitoring involve physiological monitoring which are influenced by the administered anesthetic drugs. Balanced anesthesia is fusion of its four components analgesia, amnesia, motor blockade and hypnosis. One major component is analgesia which means inability to feel pain during surgery. Pain cannot be estimated any single physio-pathological signal. A proper analgesia index proportional to the degree of pain experienced by the patient is required. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a reliable means to determine real time DoA. In the present study, EEG of 12 volunteer subjects was recorded during relaxed and during pain. It was found that the Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) feature of EEG from parietal region of brain reflects the sensation of pain and gives an overall accuracy of 95% in determining the pain experienced by the patient
Optical fiber tip for field-enhanced second harmonic generation
No full textWe propose a simple optical fiber tip for field-enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG). The tip shows nonlinear phenomena of SHG over a wide range of sources, at least from 630 to 830 nm. The optical field corresponding to the second harmonic appears as a nondiffracting bottle beam with voids due to the surface curvature of the tip. The field-enhanced second harmonic can also induce surface plasmons, converting the tip to a plasmonic probe with reduced background signal. The tip can be useful in nanophotonics characterization. As an example, we demonstrate the tip’s response as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe
An innovative device for instant measurement of Surface Electro-Myography for clinical use
No full textSurface Electro-Myography (SEMG) signal plays key roles for clinical measurement. The strength of this signal at different instant of time and at different places of our body shows the respective muscle strength and identify if any types of muscles fatigue occurs or not. This is useful for sports personnel’s and especially for amputees and different orthopedic patients. The surgeon should have a vivid knowledge about the muscle strength of any part of human body. So a portable hand carrying device is necessary. In this paper we want to illustrate a proposed system which can indicate the strength as well as display the RMS value of the collected Electro-Myography signal on a proposed trainer board consists of a LED bar which indicates the respective strength of the signal in volts. The following system has also a provision to display the strength pattern in a PC in Lab View environment. This shows a detailed analysis of the EMG signal in respect to its waveform, equivalent DC value etc
Study on Vertical Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes using AFM and SEM
No full textIn recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted and continue to attract considerable interest in a wide variety of scientific files. Especially well-arrayed CNTs are highly desired to prepare chemical sensors, nanoprobes for scanning probe microscopy, field emitter devices. We performed the vertical alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in silica, mica and glass surfaces. CNTs have been functionalized successfully using microwave method, conventional sonication method and we found out that sonication was the better technique among all of them and was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR). For chemical reaction with chemical modified glass surface, the carboxylic acid groups were converted into acid chloride groups followed by the chemical reaction with chemically functionalized surfaces. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results show the vertically aligned SWNTs and the distribution of the vertically aligned SWNTs becomes denser as reaction time increases.
Alignment of the shorter nanotubes on the substrate increases with increase of reaction time (e.g. SWNTs of length 0.5 to 2μm are easier to align than the SWNTs of length 200μm). So we conclude that SWNTs are vertically aligned on chemically functionalized glass substrate by controlling chemical reactivity. Tall and smaller diameter CNTs are difficult to align on substrate without support of neighbouring Carbon Nanotubes
Discriminative Zernike and Pseudo Zernike Moments for Face Recognition
No full textUsually magnitude coefficients of some selected orders of ZMs and PZMs have been used as invariant image features. The careful selection of the set of features, with higher discrimination competence, may increase the recognition performance. In this paper, the authors have used a statistical method to estimate the discrimination strength of all the extracted coefficients of ZMs and PZMs whereas for classification, only the coefficients with estimated higher discrimination strength are used in the feature vector. The performance of these selected Discriminative ZMs (DZMs) and Discriminative PZMs (DPZMs) features have been compared to that of their corresponding conventional approaches on YALE, ORL and FERET databases against illumination, expression, scale and pose variations. An extension to these DZMs and DPZMs have been proposed by combining them with PCA and FLD. It has been observed from the exhaustive experimentation that the recognition rate is improved by 2-6%, at reduced dimensions and with less computational complexity, than that of using the successive ZMs and PZMs features
Doped Zinc-Organic Framework for Sensing of Pesticide
No full textBasolite Z-1200 is one of the most popular commercially available MOF for the gas storage applications. Pristine Basolite Z-1200 is an electrically non-conducting material. This research focuses to tap the potential of Basolite Z-1200’s unique porous structure for the adsorption and sensing of a pesticide. For this, the above said MOF has been treated with mineral acids (HCl) to make it electrically active. The protonated MOF solutions have been used to form conducting thin films on glass slides. Electrical measurements have indicated that the proton doping reduces the overall resistance of the MOF. Prepared thin films have been used to sense Mecoprop some in sample solutions. Conducting MOF thin films may find applications in environmental sensors, pre-concentration, solid phase extraction, electronic devices etc
Synthesis of Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Microreactors from Freeze-Dried Microspheres
No full textPoly(ϵ-caprolactone) microreactors were prepared by micro-volcanic rupture of freeze dried microspheres. Effects of three synthesis parameters viz polymer concentration, emulsifier concentration and stirring speed on size and morphology of microreactors were examined. Average diameter of microreactors showed substantial increase with increasing polymer concentration and reduced size with increasing polyvinyl alcohol (emulsifier) concentration and stirring speed, respectively. These miniaturised structures have potential applications in immunodiagnosis and drug delivery
Selection of Electrode Material for Spray Charging in Electrostatic Nozzle
No full textCopper (98% pure) electroplated with Nickel (2OO/201 forged bar) as a new electrode for spray charging in electrostatic nozzle has been presented in this paper, Comparative study has been made using different materials electrode viz. Copper electroplated with Nickel, Copper (98% pure), Brass (70% Cu, 30o/o Zn) and Aluminum (98% pure). All electrodes were ring electrodes of inner diameter 15 mm and outer diameter of 22 mm of thickness 3.5 mm. The experiments were conducted in the air atmosphere at ambient conditions (T=1 6+2"C, RH= 57+3o/o\, for air feed rate of 18.5 l/min and liquid feed rate 93.5 ml/min, applied voltage ranging from 0 V to +3.0 kV. The results were characterized by charge-to-mass factor as a function of electrode material. Copper
electroplated with Nickel electrode has given better results than other materials electrode
Automated Preoperative Planning of Acetabulam Size and Angle Detection for Hemi-arthroplasty
No full textConventional pre-operative planning for Hemi-arthroplasty is
performed with caliper, protractor, transparent templates and x-ray sheets. This technique is time consuming with many
errors. Computer-aided pre-operative planning systems can
assist surgeons in selecting correct sized implantable
acetabulam and accurate planning of an operation. This paper
describes the pre-operative planning by digital image
processing techniques for Total Hip Replacement by using 2D
digital X-ray images which leads to the development of a
software for surgeons and radiographers. The authors have
used advanced image processing techniques and algorithms in
image enhancement, calibration, planning, templating and
reporting to overcome problems faced while doing all these
manually. The proposed methodology provides accurate,
computer programmed, user-friendly and dimensionally
correct solution. The technique seems to be reliable and
acceptable to patients, radiographers and surgeon
Analysis and Delineation of Spatial Variability using Geo-sensed Apparent Electrical Conductivity and Clustering Techniques
No full textThe present study was carried out to assess inter and intra field spatial variability based on Apparent Electrical Conductivity (ECa) data at different depths of soil. Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were carried out to study the distinct soil variations based on field-scale ECa measurements. PCA results of score plot were observed to verify pattern matching between measured soil spatial variability representatives i.e., ECa, crop yield and variable input nutrient rates. The paper further reports delineation of management zones (MZs) using ECa and crop yield data and PCA, hierarchical clustering and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithms besides finding predictions for un-sampled spatial surfaces using univariate geo-statistical technique. Moreover, for determining optimal number of zones, clustering performance was measured using Fuzzy Performance Index (FPI) and Normalized Classification Entropy (NCE) indices. The results revealed that soil ECa, nutrient rate and crop yield information could be quantified and aggregated using CA that characterize spatial variability among soil and crop productivity