Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Journal
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Identification of Biomarker for Stunting Through Prioritization of Gene-Assosiated Variants
No full textStunting is a condition of impaired growth and development in children due to chronic nutritional disorders or infections. The risk factor for stunting is dominated by disease during 1000 days of life. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.6%, according to the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) results. This study aimed to identify stunting biomarkers based on the priority scoring of gene variants. Identification of stunting risk genes used the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) approach and Haploreg v4.1. We found 33 genes that identifies as stunting risk gene. And then, we prioritize based on two functional annotation categories: missense-nonsense and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL). Our analysis found 4 genes as biological stunting risk genes: MTRR, TTF1, CASP1, and CARD17. This research demonstrates the integration of genomic variants and bioinformatics approaches to reveal biological insights for stunting
Comprehension of elementary teacher education’s students as future teachers toward the implementation of the independent curriculum principles
Get PDFThis research is a qualitative descriptive study to measure students' level of comprehension in elementary teacher education at Khairun University toward implementing the principles of the independent curriculum. The independent curriculum makes it easy for teachers and students to conduct learning according to student's needs. Even though it has superior values compared to the previous curriculum, the independent curriculum presents other problems. Therefore, understanding the principles of implementing the curriculum is essential to analyze so that the difficulties faced by students are immediately known as a preventive measure. The subjects of this research were 30 students in semester IV. The instruments used were tests and interviews. The test instrument consists of 36 description questions and an interview consisting of five main questions. Based on the test results, it was found that students needed to understand the implementation of the principles of the independent curriculum well. All students needed more understanding, starting from the learning components, implementation, and final evaluation. The interview results also strengthened the comprehension test results. Students said that limitations in seeking additional information and different learning and assessment processes confused them with the independent curriculum. One of the solutions is special training and assistance for students to develop independent curriculum products such as teaching modules or student worksheets as instruments in carrying out assessments
Developing augmented reality-based flashcards for early readers of elementary school
Get PDFReading is a foundational skill that students must master from the early stages of primary education. However, observations at SDN (Public Primary School) 22 Sulur Medan revealed that many first-grade students struggle with reading fluency and often confuse alphabet letters. To address this issue, this study aimed to develop Augmented Reality (AR)-based flashcards as an innovative learning tool to support beginner reading instruction. The research objectives include assessing the reading abilities of first-grade students at SDN 22 Sulur Medan, designing the AR-based flashcard media, and evaluating its feasibility. This study employed the ADDIE development model within the framework of research and development methodology. Data collection techniques included observations, expert validations (content, pedagogy, and media), as well as feedback from student and teacher questionnaires. The findings demonstrated high feasibility ratings for the AR-based flashcards: 88% for content validation, 83% for pedagogical validation, 91% for media validation, 95% for student responses, and 95% for teacher responses, resulting in an overall score of 90% in the "Very Feasible" category. These results indicate that the AR-based flashcards are an effective tool for enhancing reading skills in first-grade students and offer a promising alternative for early literacy education
The effect of HPMC-K15M and guar gum as polymer-coated for sustained-released tablet: disintegration and release kinetics
Get PDFPolymeric coating films are able to control tablet drug release rate depending on polymer physicochemical properties. Guar gum and HPMC-K15M (GG/HPMC-K15M) can be a coating polymer in sustained-release tablets. This study aims to characterize the disintegration and drug release kinetics on theophylline sustained-release tablets coated with GG/HPMC-K15M. The film coating was made with variations of the GG/HPMC-K15M ratio of 1:3 (F1), 1:4 (F2), and 1:5 (F3). Granules were preformulated regarding LOD, granule size distribution, packing, and flow properties. Film coating was carried out using a liquid spraying method. Coated tablets were tested for quality examination, and the drug release kinetics model was determined based on in-vitro dissolution. Granule pre-formulation result shows that the granules have excellent packing and flow properties with an LOD of 4.59–5.33% and a size of 553.28–627.28 πm. Tablets provided uniform size characteristics with a weight variation of 333.38–339.56 mg (CV 1.32–3.43% and acceptance value 6.53–13.58), hardness of 11.61–18.86 kgf, friability of 0.103–0.186%, disintegration time of 20.69–27.36 min, and drug content of 98.51–98.55%. The theophylline was dissolved by 95.24% (6h in FI), 97.04% (7h in F2), and 99.79% (8h in F3); all formulas followed zero-order kinetic (r2 ~ 1). Suitable quality theophylline tablets GG/HPMC-K15M coating have been successfully produced. Increasing the concentration ratio of HPMC-K15M in the coating solution resulted in a significant increase in disintegration time and a slowing of the drug release rate. The drug release kinetics of all formulations followed the zero-order kinetic model
Use of bitter melon seed oil (Momordica Charantia) to Improve the photoprotective effect of Sunscreen Formulations
Get PDFBitter melon seed oil (BMSO) was identified as having potential as an anti-UV radiation agent due to alpha-oleo stearic acid, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, and phytosterols, which have the potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants are the main protection for the skin from the dangers of solar radiation, making BMSO a good quality if developed in sunscreen cream. This research aims to determine the effect of adding variations in the concentration of BMSO on the physical characteristics and in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of cream of oxybenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate. Sunscreen creams are made with each BMSO concentration of 0%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. The result shows that the greater the concentration of BMSO added, the lower the viscosity and pH values, the spreadability and SPF (sun protection factor) values of the cream increase, and the %TP (percentage of transmission pigmentation) and %TE (percentage of transmission erythema) become smaller. The best formula is the formula that contains the highest concentration of BMSO (12%). The characteristics of the best formula are a slightly yellowish, soft cream appearance and a slight smell typical of bitter melon. The spreadability value of the best formula cream is 6.6 ± 0.1 cm, pH of 6.57 ± 0.01, and viscosity of 88.3 ± 4.1 dPa.s, SPF value of 24.27 ± 0.28, %TE of 0.931 ±0.084, and %TP of 0.981±0.0001. These results show that BMSO has the potential to be an active ingredient in sunscreen to reduce the negative effects of using synthetic sunscreen, such as allergenic and irritant
Acute toxicity of the intranasal administration of Anredera cordifolia extract in Wistar Rats
Get PDFAnredera cordifolia (AC) known as binahong plant in Indonesia is commonly used for traditional medicine since ancients. AC contains of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids that have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Many flavonoids compound that has anti-inflammatory activity were potential for treatment of nasal inflammatory such as allergic rhinitis. This study aims to evaluate the preclinical safety of acute intranasal administration of AC extract in laboratory wistar rats. Acute toxicity using the intranasal route of administration of AC extract was evaluated on 30 female wistar rats, divided five rats for control, and each five of doses 5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%. Observation during 14 days for the incidence of mortality and signs of toxicity. The AC extract intranasal administration doses at 5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% did not show mortality or treatment related adverse events and did not showed significantly changes on blood profile. The AC extract was found safe until 75% for nasal administration in wistar rats.
In vitro and in vivo anti-hyperglycemia effects of extract of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) leaves
Get PDFDespite the availability of various conventional treatments, diabetes mellitus remains a serious global health concern with an increasing prevalence. This trend underscores the need to explore potential natural alternatives. Faloak, an indigenous plant of Indonesia, has been traditionally used for various health conditions, yet its potential as an anti-hyperglycemic agent has not been comprehensively investigated. This research focused on identifying the ingredients of Faloak leaves that could lower blood sugar levels and confirm these effects in laboratory and animal models. At various concentrations, the in vitro evaluation assessed the inhibitory effect of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. For in vivo evaluation, male mice were administered glucose, sucrose, and starch after being pretreated with Faloak leaf extract, and their blood glucose levels were monitored for 120 min. Faloak leaf extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The IC50 values for sucrose and maltose inhibition were 30.37 and 65.36 mg/mL, respectively, while α-amylase inhibition showed an IC50 of 27.02 mg/mL. In the in vivo test, mice pretreated with the extract exhibited significantly decreased blood glucose levels at 120 min compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of Faloak leaves possesses promising anti-hyperglycemic activities, positioning it as a potential candidate for developing plant-based blood glucose management. Our results demonstrate that Faloak leaf extract exhibits substantial anti-hyperglycemic properties, inhibiting vital digestive enzymes and effectively reducing postprandial glucose levels. Identifying active ingredients paves the way for further research to elucidate specific bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of actio
The effect of recompression and concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 on the quality of paracetamol tablets
Get PDFQuality control during production is a critical process that ensures the quality of the tablets until it reaches the consumer. In the pharmaceutical industry, there is a possibility of reworking, including tablet recompression. Nevertheless, the recompression process may have affected the potential of PVP K-30 as a binder to reunite the particles of tablet ingredients. However, the difference of PVP K-30 concentration might be resulting in the differences of granule and tablet characteristics. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of recompression and the difference of PVP K-30 on the quality of paracetamol tablets. The effect of recompression and the difference of PVP K-30 was seen based on whether there is a significant different on physical properties of the mixture of tablet ingredients (mixture’s flow rate and compressibility) and the tablets (compatibility and tablet’s hardness, friability, and disintegration time) from the formula with a concentration of 2% w/w and 4% w/w PVP K-30 after experiencing 2 times of recompression. Paracetamol tablets were made by wet granulation method through the stages of granulation, lubrication, physical properties testing of the mixture, tablet compression, physical properties testing of tablets, crushing, and recompression. Data analysis was performed statistically using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test and Post Hoc Mann Whitney test. The results showed there was an effect of recompression and different concentration of PVP K-30 on the potential of PVP K-30 as a binder as seen from significant differences in the physical properties of the mixture and tablets in each test group
Enterobacter hormaechei: an endophytic bacterium found in Avocado Peel (Persea americana Mill.) with antioxidant properties
Get PDFAvocado peels (AVP) are renowned for their potent antioxidant properties, making them highly effective in preventing oxidation and free radical formation. Endophytes, microorganisms residing within plant tissues, have demonstrated the ability to produce novel compounds with remarkable biological activities. These bioactive compounds are sometimes even more potent than those found in their host plants. This study explores the potential of endophytes from avocado peels as rich sources of antioxidant compounds. AVP samples are collected, surface-sterilized, and segmented before being cultured in growth media. The bacteria are then isolated, purified, and subjected to ethyl acetate extraction to evaluate their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) microassay. Samples demonstrating favorable antioxidant properties undergo molecular identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four bacterial strains are successfully isolated, with only the APK4 strain exhibiting significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 302.3 μg/mL. Molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction reveal that APK4 is closely related to the Enterobacter hormaechei species, with a percent identity value of 99.93%. These findings highlight the potential of active metabolites from endophytic bacteria in AVP extracts as promising lead compounds for the development of novel drugs, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic ingredients
The think talk write type cooperative learning model assisted by serial picture media on the narrative writing skills of elementary school students
Get PDFWriting skills are the most complex language skills and are very important for students to master in their learning process. The independent curriculum phase B states that students are expected to be able to write an essay, one of which is a narrative essay. Innovation in using various learning models is very much needed. The TTW-type cooperative learning model is appropriate to overcome the lack of students' writing skills. The study was conducted at Bangsalsari Public School 03 in Jember with the aim of determining the effect of the TTW-type cooperative learning model on the narrative writing skills of elementary school students. The type of research conducted was experimental research with a Posttest Only Control Group Design. The methods used were observation, interviews, performance tests, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the independent sample t-test. The results of the data analysis obtained a calculated t value > t table (6.696 > 2.004), so it can be concluded that the TTW-type cooperative learning model assisted by serial picture media influences the narrative writing skills of grade IV students at Bangsalsari Public School 03 Jember. Through narrative writing activities, students learn and develop critical and creative thinking skills, and they are trained to communicate directly with their peers, teachers, and themselves. This can help address the challenges of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity in the future