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The Efficacy of Green Grapefruit (Vitis Vinifera L) Extracts on Reducing Blood Glucose in a Diabetic Rat Model
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease in which the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin hormone or when the body cannot use the insulin hormones properly. Green grapes contain flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, phenolic acids, and resveratrol and are high in antioxidants that are beneficial in lowering blood glucose levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of green grapefruit (Vitis vinifera L) extract in reducing blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model. This research is a true experiment with a post-test-only control group design, using 24 male Wistar white rats aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 130-200 grams. The rats were divided into three groups: the positive control (I), green grapefruit extract (II), and normal group (III). The results showed that green grapefruit extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels in experimental animals by a percentage of 98.4%. The Independent T-Test showed a value of ρ>0.05 (0.533), so there was no significant difference in glucose levels between green grapefruit extract and positive control. This study concludes that green grapefruit extract was effective at 98.4% in reducing blood glucose levels in the diabetic rat model, compared to the positive control. The promising results of this study need to be continued by establishing a standardized optimal dose, assessing long-term effects, and implementing clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety
The Effect of Methanol Fractıonated of Luvunga sarmentosa on In Vıtro Sperm Membrane Integrıty
No full textInfertility cases in the world are increasing in 2020, with 186 million individuals affected worldwide. The most common cause of male infertility is due to decreased sperm quality. Sperm membrane integrity is known to play an essential role in the fertilization ability of spermatozoa. The methanol fraction of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract has the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions and can improve sperm motility in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the methanol fraction of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract on human sperm membrane integrity and the effective concentration of Luvunga sarmentosa methanol extract fraction to improve sperm membrane integrity in vitro. The samples used were washed human spermatozoa in vitro, then added BWW medium, and incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour with methanol fraction of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract at concentrations of 100, 500, 1000, and 5000ng/ml as well as the control group (BWW only). Furthermore, 100uL of each sample was added to 1mL of Hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) solution, then incubated at 37oC for 30 minutes to see the integrity of the spermatozoa membrane from the tail swelling. The results showed that sperm membrane integrity significantly increased at 100, 500, 1000, and 5000ng/mL concentrations compared to the control group. The methanol fraction of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract was most effective at a concentration of 100ng/mL. Methanol fraction of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract can improve human sperm membrane integrity
Negative Effect of Cigarette Smoke: Black Garlic Opportunities for Prevention of Ovulation Disorders
No full textWomen's issues are primarily related to infertility. This study aimed to demonstrate that ovarian healing in wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke was impacted by the administration of extracted black garlic. This research uses True Experimental methods in vivo in the laboratory to identify the cause and effect of the variables being tested. This method involves replication, randomization, and control. The design chosen was a post-test-only control group design, where the experimental group received treatment and the control group did not, without random selection. The results of the study showed that there was no effect due to exposure to cigarette smoke with an increase in cortisol and a decrease in the number of secondary follicles in the ovaries of female wistar rats as well as the administration of Black Garlic (Allium sativum) extract. Black garlic extract unaffected cortisol levels and the number of secondary follicles or repair of the ovaries due to exposure to cigarette smoke. Further research is needed in dosing black garlic extract or combining it with other ingredients to provide effective results
The Relationship of Plasmodium sp Density to Platelet Count and Hemoglobin Levels in Malaria Patients at Bhayangkara Hospital TK I Pusdokkes Police Kramat Jati, Indonesia
No full textMalaria is an acute and chronic disease. Globally, as many as 247 million positive cases of malaria were reported in 84 malaria-endemic countries. Indonesia is a malaria-endemic country with a total of 443,530 cases with a malaria prevalence of 89% reported from Papua province. This study examined the correlation between Plasmodium sp density platelet count and hemoglobin levels. The type of research used in this study was observational analytics with a cross-sectional study approach design. The sample and population in this study were malaria-positive patients who had their platelet count and hemoglobin levels checked as recorded in the report from Bhayangkara Hospital Tk I Pusdokkes Polri Kramat Jati, Indonesia, namely using medical record data from months January to December a total of 54 samples with data analysis in this study using descriptive univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Fisher Exact test. This study showed that the density of Plasmodium sp with the number of platelets had a significant result, namely 0.088, which indicates that the density of Plasmodium sp does not affect the platelet count. In contrast, the density of Plasmodium sp with hemoglobin levels had a significant result, namely 0.023, which indicated a lower Hb level of malaria sufferers. The higher the level of Plasmodium density
The Impact of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Flavonoid Extract on Endometrial Thickness in Mice Menopausal Model
No full textThis study aims to determine how the effect of flavonoid phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract on the endometrial thickness of Mus musculus which is used as an experimental animal with a menopause model. This study employed a randomized post-test-only control group design on 32 female mice. Ovariectomy simulated menopause, followed by treatment with flavonoid from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract. Post-observariectomized, follicle-stimulating hormone levels indicated menopausal status. Hematoxylin-Eosin methods assessed endometrial thickness. The result indicated reduced endometrial thinning in the positive control group (K+). Conversely, the treatment group (P1-P4) exhibited increased endometrial thickness post-flavonoid extract administration. Ovariectomized-induced estrogen decline resulted in reduced endometrial thinning, mimicking menopausal conditions. Statistically, flavonoid extract administration increased endometrial thickness in ovariectomized-induced menopausal mice, with optimal effect observed at 7.5 mg/mice/day for 14 days. The preferred intervention dose for altering endometrial thickness in menopausal conditions was identified as P1 (3.75 mg/mice/day). In conclusion, a flavonoid from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract mitigates endometrial thinning in the menopausal mice model. For implication in menopausal women, clinical trials need to be conducted to evaluate the dosage of these flavonoids for their potential as a natural SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator) before clinical application in managing endometrial health. Additionally, research on molecular effects particularly regarding ER (Estrogen Receptors) in the endometrial organ, is needed to confirm their phytoestrogenic effect
Catechin Isolates from Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Maintain Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Model Rat
No full textThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising globally. Oxidative stress, which can result from hyperglycemia in diabetes, might have negative consequences. An antioxidant is needed to prevent hyperglycemia. Cathechin isolates are derived from gambir, which has many antioxidants. This study examines catechin isolates from gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) effect on glucose homeostasis in rats induced by alloxan. For this experiment, 35 male rats were employed. Male rats were given alloxan (150 mg/BW, IP), and after 72 hours, blood glucose levels were assessed. If blood glucose levels exceeded 200 mg/dl, three oral catechin isolates were administered (T1=10 mg/kg/day, T2=20 mg/kg/day, and T3=40 mg/kg/day). Following blood collection on the experiment's last day, fasting blood glucose, glucagon and insulin levels were measured. Catechin isolates decreased blood glucose levels in all treatment groups compared to the positive control group (T1 = 150.750 ± 14.359 mg/dl; T2 = 159.750 ± 15.434 mg/dl, and T3 = 153.375 ± 20.207 mg/dl vs 385 ± 60.989 mg/dl) significantly (p value-0.05). A decrease in glucagon serum level was also observed in the treatment group vs positive control (T1: 193.855 ± 36.009 pg/ml, T2 = 286.689 ± 20.313 pg/ml, and T3 = 319.462 ± 30.060 pg/ml vs 529.825 ± 74.279 pg/ml), significantly. Catechine isolates in the T3 group showed an increase in insulin serum level compared to the positive control group significantly (T3 = 216.640 ± 38.230 µIU/ml vs 69.833 ± 3.071 µIU/ml). In conclusion, catechin isolates from gambir decreased blood glucose levels by reducing glucagon and increasing insulin serum levels
Analysıs of Urınary Albumın and Urınary Synaptopodın Levels in Type 2 Dıabetes Mellıtus Subjects
Get PDFHyperglycemia from diabetes mellitus affects many body organs and interferes with normal function. Kidney function decreased in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus before the development of albuminuria. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in urine albumin and urine synaptopodin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-DM subjects, differences in urine synaptopodin levels in T2DM subjects with and without nephropathy, to analyze the correlation between urine albumin and urine synaptopodin in T2DM subjects and the cut-off analysis of sensitivity and specificity of urinary synaptopodin in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy. A sample of 60 subjects comprised 40 T2DM subjects and 20 non-DM subjects. Urinary synaptopodin levels were examined using the ELISA method, and albuminuria levels using the immunoturbidimetric method. Based on statistical analysis, the results showed that there were differences in urine albumin levels in T2DM and non-DM subjects (p*= < 0.001), there were differences in urine synaptopodin levels in T2DM and non-DM subjects (p*= < 0.001), there were no differences in urine synaptopodin levels with and without nephropathy in T2DM subjects (p*= 0.090), a relationship was found between urine albumin and urinary synaptopodin in T2DM subjects (p*= 0.048, r= 0.314) and the cut off of urinary synaptopodin in diagnosing nephropathy was ³0.39 ng/mL, sensitivity 64.7% and specificity 56.5%. We recommend further prospective studies with larger sample sizes to compare urinary synaptopodin levels and microalbuminuria (MAU) as markers for early detection of DN in T2DM subjects
Effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica Nanoemulsions Against Caspase 3 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Expression
Get PDFGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is closely related to oxidative stress conditions in insulin resistance conditions that increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) against the body's defense antioxidant mechanism. Chronic complications due to hyperglycemia in patients with GDM increase BAX / BCL2 levels which then activates the change of procaspase 3 to caspase 3, an activator of apoptosis. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions on caspase 3 expressions in zebrafish models of gestational diabetes mellitus, with a posttest-only controlled group design. The samples were divided into five groups, namely K- (EM), K+(EM+3% Glucose), P1, P2 and P3 (3% Glucose + Combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica 2.5μg/ml, 5μg/ml and 10μg/ml), which will be tested for PEPCK and Caspase expression at the age of 3dpf using Real Time-PCR. The results of the correlation test of the group with caspase 3 obtained (p = 0.045) negative direction. These results show that the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion decreased Caspase 3 expression in zebrafish models of gestational diabetes mellitus. The combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of apoptosis in gestational diabetes mellitus patients
Clinico-microbiological and Risk Factor Analysis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infections in South India
Get PDFStrongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted nematode infection. It is implicated in causing hyper infection syndrome in immunosuppressed patients. This infection can also present without symptoms. The study aims to analyze the demographic data and risk factors associated with acquiring this infection and detectStrongyloides stercoralis in the stool sample by microscopy and modified agar plate culture. Combining microscopy and culture can facilitate detecting the infection in cases of low worm burden. Evaluation of socio-demographic information and risk factors will help in implementing control measures. A total of 986 stool samples were received. All the samples were examined by saline and Iodine mount examination. All the stool samples were cultured by the modified agar plate method. The risk factors, patient demographic details and clinical features were analyzed for significant association using the Chi-square test and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant) by quick calls graph pad software. The overall prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection was 22(1.23%), and all these cases were diagnosed on stool examination by the demonstration of rhabditiform larva ofStrongyloides stercoralis and adult females by modified agar plate culture. The positivity for Strongyloides larva was high among males, patients from rural areas and individuals working in agricultural settings. There was a significant association between walking barefoot and the demonstration of the larva. Patients presenting from endemic regions, even with vague, nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, especially with risk factors like Diabetes mellitus, should be screened for this infection and treated. Awareness, proper hygiene practices, and appropriate treatment are necessary to prevent this soil-transmitted helminthic infection
Impact of Soybean Phytoestrogen-Rich Extract on Markers of Inflammation Markers in 4-Vinyl Cyclohexane Diepoxide-Induced Menopause in Albino Rats
Get PDFThe vasomotor symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes, sweating, physical and psychological discomfort, and emotional changes, are accurate and experienced by many of the menopausal and postmenopausal female population. In addition, it causes osteoporosis and slowed metabolism, raising the chance of developing many different ailments. Given that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been linked to an increased cancer risk, this investigation was undertaken to identify viable alternatives. The study aimed to investigate the impact of Soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract on some markers of inflammation of 4-vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide-induced menopause in albino rats. Sixty-five (65) female albino Wistar rats were employed in the investigation. Each one was induced with 80mg/kg of 4-vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide before being treated with either normal estradiol therapy (14ug/kg) or varying concentrations of the soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg). Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) were measured by ELISA methods. Statistical software SPSS (IBM) version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Compared to the positive control group, the soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract therapy group saw a dose-dependent reduction in CRP and IL-6 levels (p<0.05) but not in TNF-α (P>0.05). Data from this research demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract therapy in menopause-induced female Wistar rats. Soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract therapy in a high dose appears to show no significant difference from hormone replacement therapy as an alternate estrogen source in managing inflammation as a chronic disease