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Effect of Soybean Extract on sFlt-1 LEVELS in Huvecs Cultures Induced by Preeclampsia Plasma
Get PDFPreeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy issue that causes hypertension at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by raising the activity of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and causing endothelial dysfunction. As a result, antioxidants are utilized as a therapy in preeclampsia to protect the body from the impacts of free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of soybean extract on sFlt-1 levels in HUVECs cultures exposed to preeclamptic plasma. The benefit of this study is the consideration for clinicians to provide soybean ethanol extract supplements (Glycine max) to increase the potential of antihypertensive therapy. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVECs) were used in the study, which was conducted in vitro. HUVECs cultures were exposed to preeclampsia plasma and subsequently treated for 24 hours with various dosages of soybean extract. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured the sFlt-1 levels in each observation group. The hypothesis was tested using One-Way ANOVA analysis with SPSS version 25 software. This study found a significant difference (p <0,05) between the mean value of the positive control group and the negative control group. A significant difference was also found (p <0,05) in the mean value of sFlt-1 between the positive control group and the treatment group that was given soybean extract at doses of 17,5 ppm. Soybean extract had a significant effect on decreasing sFlt-1 levels in HUVECs cultures exposed to preeclamptic plasma. Thus, soybeans isoflavones have the potential to treat preeclampsia by reducing anti-angiogenic factors
Bioactivity Examination of Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb on In Vitro Human Sperm Motility
Get PDFGlobally, 48 million couples experience infertility, where male infertility factors contribute to 50% of cases. Spermatozoa motility is a crucial parameter in assessing male fertility. Antioxidants act as the body's defence against excessive ROS and can be used as a treatment for male infertility. One of the local plants in Central Kalimantan that is potentially rich in antioxidants is Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb. However, there is limited research on the bioactivity of Bajakah Kalalawit on spermatozoa in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb on spermatozoa motility in vitro. Bajakah Kalalawit stems were extracted using a 3x24-hour maceration technique with 96% ethanol. After obtaining the concentrated extract, the secondary metabolite compound content was analyzed through a phytochemical screening. The sample used was in vitro human spermatozoa that were washed and added to Bigger Whitten Whittingham medium, then incubated at 37°C for 1 hour with a 96% ethanol extract of Bajakah Kalalawit at doses of 50ng/ml, 100ng/ml, 500ng/ml, and 1000ng/ml, as well as a control group (Bigger, Whitten & Whittingham medium only). The results showed that the compounds contained in the ethanol extract of Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb were terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. Spermatozoa motility significantly increased in the treatment groups starting from doses of 50ng/ml, 100ng/ml, 500ng/ml, and 1000ng/ml compared to the control group. Ethanol extract of Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb could increase spermatozoa motility in vitro and succeeded in improving reproductive technology
Non-Thermal Effect Of The Brand And Generic Mobile Phones Radiofrequency Radiation On The Antioxidant And Histomorphology Of The Epididymis After Prolonged Whole-Body Radiation on Sprague Dawley Rat
Get PDFMobile phone usage has increased greatly over time, and there is also the proliferation of models by different manufacturers, some of which are known to produce popular brands while other manufacturers of unknown brands have been identified. So many health conditions have been associated with the radiation emitted from mobile phones and other communication gadgets. Such condition as glioma, schwannoma, and some degenerative tissue conditions has been reported by different researchers both on short and prolonged exposure. The IARC report on radiofrequency radiation as a human “possible carcinogen, group 2B” has also prompted much research on the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on humans. The mobile phone placement in the pocket, which is close to the male reproductive organ, and the possible radiation emission levels from different models by manufacturers prompted this study. The goal is to investigate the histological alterations, spermatic epididymal contents, and changes in oxidative stress indicators that may occur following prolonged exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. Forty (40) male Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study. They were grouped into eight groups equally, two (2) control groups and six (6) groups that were exposed to six different mobile phone models. The 8 hours of daily exposure for 6 months was done with phones in active mode. The finding showed a significant reduction of the mature sperms in the lumen of the epididymis. There was focal epithelial hyperplasia in two groups exposed to branded models. No degenerative epithelium was observed in the epididymis. There was also a significant reduction in the motility and sperm count of the exposed groups. The Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly depleted across the exposed groups. There are isolated changes that result from individual phone models, but changes cannot be dichotomized into changes that result from branded or generic phones
Effect of Vitamin C Exposure to Fibroblast Cells on Woman Uterosacral Ligament Culture
Get PDFPelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) occurs when the uterosacral ligaments weaken. Vitamin C plays a major role in forming the extracellular matrix (collagen) and stimulates fibroblast cell proliferation. This study aimed to examine how a woman's uterosacral ligament culture was affected by vitamin C exposure to fibroblast cells. A straightforward experimental design investigation that is non-blind and includes analysis after exposure (Post-test control group design). This study's sample used uterosacral ligament from a woman who underwent at least two vaginal deliveries through a hysterectomy procedure. Several doses of vitamin C were given and repeated for 72 hours, followed by examining the number of fibroblast cells; then, the data was analyzed starting with the parametric prerequisite test and the one-way ANOVA test. There was a significant effect of vitamin C exposure on fibroblast cells of the uterosacral ligament at a dose of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. In contrast, at doses of 150 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml, there was no significant effect. From this study, it is hoped that the administration of vitamin C according to the optimal dose found in the study (significant impact at doses of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, can increase the proliferation of fibroblast matrix supporting the sacrouterine ligament in women, to prevent prolapse of the pelvic organs in women, and can maintain the quality of life of women
Identification of Acute Respiratory Infection Patients Using RP2 Nested Multiplex PCR Test in Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFAcute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute respiratory disease caused by infectious organisms transmitted between humans. Viruses and bacteria generally cause the cause of ARI infection. Other viruses that can also cause ARI are Influenza, Adenovirus, Enterovirus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. This study aims to determine the causes of bacterial or viral ARI infection with RP2 Nested Multiplex RT-PCR. The research methodology is cross-sectional. The sample used was 50 people with purposive sampling technique in patients with ARI who examined bacteria and viruses using RP2 Nested Multiplex RT-PCR. The research was located at the Laboratory of the United States Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that 26 (52%) men suffered more from ARI patients than 24 women (46%), with the most age group being children, 28 people (56%). The three symptoms that many patients in this study felt were that 40 patients (80%) experienced nasal congestion, 38 patients (76%) experienced fever, and 32 patients (64%) coughed. The results of the organisms in the RP2 nested multiplex RT-PCR examination showed that 100% of the causes of ARI were viruses with the highest prevalence (40%) originating from the Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus. The reason for ARI in this research is from a virus (100%), so antibiotics are not needed for this patient
Potential Of Mahkota Dewa Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) Flavonoids Extract and Dienogest to Reduce IL-17A Levels in Mice Endometriosis Model
Get PDFEndometriosis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in glands outside the endometrium. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine degrading Th17 cells, which play an essential role in several inflammatory diseases. IL-17 expression is upregulated in serum, peritoneal fluid (PF), and endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis. Usually, treatment for endometriosis is dienogest. However, it has many side effects if used long-term. Fruit and seeds of Phaleria macrocarpa have various critical biological activities in the form of extracts such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aims to analyze the effect of comparing flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa and dienogest on IL-17A levels in endometriosis mice. A total of 35 endometriosis model mice were divided into seven groups, namely the group of healthy mice (without any treatment), the endometriosis group, and the endometriosis group, which were given the treatment of flavonoid fruit extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa and dienogest. The sample used in this study was peritoneal fluid. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured IL-17A levels in each observation group. The hypothesis was tested using One-Way ANOVA analysis with SPSS software version 26. This study found a significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean values of the positive control group and the negative control group. There was also a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean value IL-17 between the treatment groups that were given sphalerite macrocarpa and dienogest extracts. Flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa had a significant effect on reducing IL-17A levels in endometriosis model mice, and there is a significant difference with dienogest. Thus, the flavonoid fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa can potentially treat endometriosis by decreasing inflammatory factors
Phytochemical Analysis by LC-HRMS and Antibacterial Activity Of the Ethanol Extract of Sengkuang (Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe)
Get PDFDracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe is one of the medicinal plants for the community. This study aims to analyze the ethanol extract of Sengkuang (Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe) using the LC-HRMS Phytochemical Test and determine its antibacterial activity. Leaf Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe originates from Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, macerated with 96% ethanol. Antibacterial test by diffusion was carried out using the well method. LC-HRMS (Liquid Chromatography - High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry) test using the Instrument Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Ultimate 3000 RSLCnano UHPLC coupled with Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. The content of chemical compounds from the ethanol extract, namely flavonoids 125.5 ± 0.433 mgEQ/g, alkaloids (%) 33.945 ± 0.781, saponins (%) 33.093 ± 0.755, tannins (mg/ml) 0.069 ± 0.003, the highest content was triterpenoids 669.8 ± 2,000(mg/ml). The best inhibition of E coli growth with the largest inhibition zone was 24 mm at a 500 mg/ml concentration. The active compounds contained in the leaves of Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe are quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, anacardic acid, D-glucosamine, azelaic acid, choline, astragalin, quercetin, luteolin, syringic acid. The active ingredient of the ethanol extract of Sengkuang (Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe) has the potential as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory that can be added to pharmaceutical preparations.
Keywords: Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe; Phytochemical Analysis; Liquid Chromatography - High-Resolution Mass Spectrometr
Haematological Parameters in Preterm Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFThough reference haematological parameters are defined for neonates, ranges vary in preterm. Few data are available regarding the premature population during the first month of life. Objective: To observe the variation in haematological parameters concerning different gestational ages, birth weights and gender among preterm neonates admitted to NICU with common illnesses like respiratory distress (RDS), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and sepsis in a tertiary care hospital. A total of ninety preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were analyzed over two years. Complete blood counts were obtained, grouped and analyzed according to the underlying diagnosis of sepsis, NNH and RDS. Clinical data were also extracted. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Mean, Chi-square test and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Result: Variation was seen concerning gestational age and birth weight. Eosinophils were significantly decreased in LBW, while a decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocyte count were seen in EPT. Haemoglobin and RBC indices also showed significant variation according to birth weight. Conclusions research complete blood counts of preterm depend on the degree of prematurity, birth weight, and other clinical findings
Correlation Analysis of Interleukin-6 on Blood Glucose in Prediabetes and Normal Glycemic Status
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a global health problem whose incidence rate continues to increase yearly. Most people with diabetes mellitus go through the prediabetes phase. Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels are elevated but have not yet reached the criteria for diabetes mellitus. Low-grade chronic inflammation is one of the pathways known to interfere with insulin signalling that ultimately affects blood glucose levels. One of the most studied inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study aims to determine whether there were differences in IL-6 levels between groups of prediabetes subjects and normal subjects and to observe the correlation between IL-6 levels and blood glucose. This study is useful in providing additional scientific evidence on the development of diabetes mellitus, especially in blood glucose regulation through inflammatory pathways. The design of this study was analytic observational in 71 subjects with prediabetes or normal glycemic status. Prediabetes status was established based on fasting blood glucose levels and glucose levels 2 hours post oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects with fasting blood glucose levels> 125mg/ dl and who had a fever in the last week were excluded from the study. Interleukin 6 levels were measured based on the principle of enzyme-linked immunoassay. The correlation of interleukin 6 with glucose levels and other variables was analyzed using the spearmen test. The results showed that interleukin 6 levels did not differ between the prediabetes group and the normal group ((5.27 ± 2.55 pg/ml) vs (4.44 ± 2.46) respectively; (p=0.105)). There was no correlation between interleukin 6 level and fasting blood glucose level (r=0.014, p=0.908) and glucose level after the oral glucose tolerance test (r=-0.085, p=0.480). In this study, there was a significant correlation between body mass index with waist circumference (r=0.772, p=0.000) and glucose levels after the oral glucose tolerance test (r=0.240; p<0.001). Recommends the addition of anti-inflammatory cytokines and variable insulin to assess further the effect of the inflammatory process on the glucose metabolism of subjects in future studies
Fibrinolytic Protease-Producing Bacteria with Varied Hemolysis Pattern Associated with Marine Algae Dictyota sp.
Get PDFThe main death factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus). Thrombus is formed by the action of fibrin, playing a role as a blood coagulation agent. Administration of fibrinolytic enzymes can degrade fibrin through the fibrinolysis process. Therefore, searching for new sources of fibrinolytic enzymes becomes critical in eradicating diseases by fibrinolysis of thrombus. This study aims to isolate fibrinolytic protease-producing bacteria associated with fermented brown algae products Dictyota sp, of Awur Bay, Jepara, Indonesia, and to observe their hemolysis pattern. As many as 14 unique bacterial colonies previously isolated from fermented Dictyota sp. were sub-cultured using Zobell Agar (ZA) medium. Skim Milk Agar (SMA) and Fibrin Agar (FA) were then used as selective media to detect the presence of fibrinolytic protease-producing bacteria, which was indicated by their ability to form a clear proteolytic and fibrinolytic zone simultaneously around bacterial colonies. Hemolysis characteristics of fibrinolytic bacteria were determined using Blood Agar Plate (BAP) to test their ability to produce hemolysin toxin. As a result, of these 14 isolates, 3 of them, namely FD-09, FD-13, and FD-14 (FD= Fermented Dictyota), could produce both proteolytic and fibrinolytic zone with a fibrinolytic index range of 2.0–2.9. Isolate FD-09 is the least pathogenic (g-hemolytic) compared to other fibrinolytic isolates, FD-13 (b-hemolytic) and FD-14 (a-hemolytic), in terms of hemolysin toxicity. In conclusion, fermented Dictyota sp. is a potential source of bacteria-producing fibrin-degrading protease with varied hemolysis patterns. It is necessary to identify bacteria-producing fibrinolytic protease isolates Dictyota sp. and further characterization regarding the specificity and activity of the resulting protease to develop its potential as an antithrombotic agent