Jurnal Humaniora
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Javanese and the Samin Community: A Reflection of Ideology and Identity of Its Speakers
Get PDFJavanese has several variants, one of which is the Javanese spoken by the Samin community, a group of Javanese people who uphold Saminist teachings. This paper discusses the Javanese of the Samin people within the framework of anthropological linguistics, a study of languages in a cultural and social context. The paper addresses two questions: what are the characteristics of the Javanese spoken by the Samin people and why does their Javanese language have such these characteristics. Based on data gathered during extensive fieldwork, it was found that there are at least three characteristics of the Samin community’s Javanese: (i) Samin people tend to speak Javanese at the ngoko level; (ii) they use several specific words/lexicons; and (iii) different attitudes are shown in spoken communication. It seems that these three characteristics are related to their world view, ideology and identity. The Samin people, for example, consider that all people have the same status so there is no need to make these differentiations when speaking. That’s why they tend to speak Javanese at the ngoko level and address others by the same word sedulur, meaning relatives. Likewise, their attitude in speaking, such as leaving a conversation before it becomes a quarrel, reflects their view that a quarrel tends to hurt others so must be avoided. These findings reinforce the view that language is closely related to the speaker’s world view that is, their ideology and identity. The relationship of ideology, language and identity, in the case of the Samin people, seems to be a linear progression. Their ideology influences their language, and then, their language constructs their identity. The study of language in the socio-cultural context of the speakers not only provides a better understanding of the language but also a better understanding of the characteristics of the speakers
A Cultural Dimension of American-Indonesian “Fast Food Diplomacy”
Get PDFThis article endeavors to elucidate the establishment of international relations between America and Indonesia by means of fast food franchises from a cultural dimension point of view. Since diplomacy in this context embraces the coexistent expression of cultures, the object highlighted in the research is the presence of American fast food icons, which are represented by Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and McDonald’s. The concepts of cultural change are used as the basis of data analysis from this one-year field observation over the two franchises in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. This analysis aims (1) to uncover the innovations of KFC and McDonald’s outlets to devise new forms of their fast food that fit Indonesian food habits, as well as to trace (2) the spread of their global ideas in the everyday habits of Indonesians, and (3) the influence of the existence of both upon the burgeoning AmericanIndonesian hybridized food culture. The result discloses that the business activity of KFC and McDonald’s has not only created an affinity for economic benefit towards America and Indonesia through the hands of private enterprise, but has also engendered the diversified ‘fast-food genre’
Ethnicity Situation and Intolerant Attitudes in Multicultural Societies in the Medan City
Get PDFThis article aims to explore and discuss the phenomenon of intolerant attitudes in multicultural societies. Empirically, the substance of the study is focused on strengthening discrimination and segregation in Medan City. The fundamental problem is formulated in the question: is it true that intolerant attitudes have an impact on discrimination and segregation in multicultural societies? This study was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive approach. Data collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Theoretically, the reference used is the Least-Liked approach developed by Sullivan. Data analysis refers to eight attribute values tolerant according to Ingelhart. The study’s finding is that the Least-Liked attitude is the failure of an assimilationist political mechanism. Multiculturalism is influenced by ethnicity situations that do not guarantee the emergence of multiculturalist attitudes but have the least related effects, discrimination, and segregation. The novelty of this study lies in the idea of multiculturalism which is lacking in the support of assimilative politics. Theoretically, the contribution of this study reinforces Sullivan’s assumptions and empirically emphasizes the importance of assimilative political mechanisms in multicultural societies.
Confronting Cultural Barriers in Public Speaking through Multiple Learning Strategies: A Case of Indonesian EFL Learners
Get PDFCultural barriers, anxiety and lack of English competence may lead to EFL students’ failures in public peaking. Conducive learning environments, right coaching and learning strategies are likely to increase the possibility of students’ success. This research aimed to investigate whether the implementation of multiple learning strategies empowered Indonesian EFL students’ public speaking skills. 56 students enrolled in three public speaking classes of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta in the academic year 2017-2018 participated in the research. One overriding research question was postulated, i.e., to what extent does the implementation of multiple learning strategies empower students’ public speaking skills? To answer the question, classroom mixed-methods research was employed where students filled out four different questionnaires and submitted focus group discussion (FGD) results at the end of the semester. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses indicated that students had very high perceptions about the use of and the combinations of reflections, peer-, teacher-, and self-assessments, independent learning plans and activities. They believed that multiple learning strategies implemented in the Public Speaking Class enabled them to be independent, responsible, and better learners. They also acknowledged becoming more confident and better public speakers. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in public speaking in two important ways. First, learning to speak in public for non-native speakers of English should begin with raising their awareness about cultural barriers that might inhibit the development of the necessary skills in public speaking. Second, teaching public speaking to EFL students requires the adoption of multiple learning strategies including strategies to confront imminent cultural barriers. This research, therefore, urges public speaking trainers and teachers in EFL settings to include intercultural understanding and multiple learning strategies in their public speaking classes in order to empower students’ public speaking skill
The Representation of Sasak Society in the Text “Gugur Mayang”
Get PDFThis study examines the representation of Sasak society in the text “Gugur Mayang”. It aims to semiotically explain the significance and communication of the text in Sasak culture by applying Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation method. Analysis shows that the “Gugur Mayang” text represents Sasak society while highlighting the sadness, tragedy, and grief of a life that is full of danger and pain. By interpreting the text within sociocultural, spiritual, and literary context, the researchers have been able to obtain a transcendental (rather than empirical) understanding of Sasak society
Impacts of Border in Borderland Conflict along the Ethio-Sudan Border: Evidence from Metema Woreda, North-Western Ethiopia
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to understand the dynamics of borderland conflicts in one location –Gonder, north-west Ethiopia, specifically, Metema Woreda – which lies along the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The study employed qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, case studies, and non-participant observation. The colonial origin of the Ethio-Sudan border is the overall background to the confrontation between farmers and investors over the contested lands in the region. The continued uncertainty over the precise location of the border has aggravated conflict that has yet to be resolved
Food Offerings of Ngesur Tanah Salvation in Belikurip Village, Wonogiri Regency: An Ethnolinguistic Study
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to describe the cultural significance of food offerings in ngesur tanah salvation in Belikurip Village, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia using an ethnolinguistic approach. In data collection, the researcher employed observation and conversation methods which were then analyzed by the ethnographic method by utilizing the triangular meaning proposed by Lyons (1977). It discovered 10 names of food: (1) tumpeng bathok bolu, (2) tumpeng ungkur-ungkuran, (3) undur-undur, (4) tumpeng gung, (5) tumpeng krumpul, (6) tumpeng marga pakewuh, (7) tumpeng obor, (8) sekul suci, (9) samiran, and (10) jenang sepuh. The essence of the offering is the request for salvation for the departed soul and for the family left behind. The results of this study indicate that the use of language (food names) reflect a cultural phenomenon, namely the religious system of offerings from individuals who believe that the deceased’s spirit remains alive and is fully responsible for his or her actions while living in the world. There also appears to be acculturation with other beliefs and religions
Critical Analysis of Javanese Epistemology and Its Relevance to Science Development in Indonesia
Get PDFHumans have developed science to understand the phenomena they face in their lives. As such, the development of science is inexorably linked with epistemology because it emphasizes the question of truth—the focus of epistemology. The development of science and knowledge has been influenced by specific interests, motives, needs, and historic/cultural backgrounds. To ensure that science is developed in a manner best suited for Indonesian society, such development must be rooted in extant Indonesian cultural values, such as those found in Javanese culture. This study attempts to formulate Javanese epistemology as a basis for scientific development in Indonesia. It finds, first, that knowledge is known as “kawruh” among the Javanese people; second, knowledge is not always limited to the cognitive dimension; and third, a specific criterion for truth is harmony, or “pener”. Javanese people consider “rasa” capable of bringing humans to the supreme knowledge. Although objective knowledge exists, every individual achievement of reality is different. Javanese people consider the validity or truthfulness of statements/actions rooted in their harmony with the empirical rational principle of truth and the existing order, following the adage “bener tur pener”
The Rewriting of Mythology (Remythology) and Decolonization in Eka Kurniawan’s Man Tiger
Get PDFThis article examines the rewriting of mythology (remythology) in Eka Kurniawan’s magic realism novel titled Man Tiger (2004). The discussion particularly explores how the remythology of the Indonesian myth of manusia harimau responses to historical references that are embedded in the narrative. I found that remythology in the novel is used to replicate people’s voice, and by using that voice, the Indonesian nation attempts to decolonize itself from colonization and to epitomize a resistance against postcolonial powers. The myths surrounding manusia harimau in the novel further provide references to Indonesia’s identity that is located between two separate identities, the indigenous and the colonial, which comprise resistance as well as resilience. By using various local mythical frameworks, Eka Kurniawan addresses the complexity of the Indonesian nation which constitutes an acknowledgement, and an interpretation, as well as a response to the past in order to form a resilient present.
Social Entrepreneurship in the Leadership of Grassroots Innovation Movement: A Case Study of Joglo Tani in Yogyakarta
Get PDFThis article is based on a case study in Joglo Tani, a local organization that focuses its programs on promoting new agricultural technology and urban farming while promoting food security for local people. It represents what characterizes the grassroots movement while destroying negative opinion about grassroots innovation. The success of Joglo Tani is influenced by the quality of leadership as social entrepreneurs as well as the quality of the network of activists and an organization that produce new, bottom-up solutions, and the ability of the solutions they produce to address local situations, concerning individual and social problems. The organizing of Joglo Tani innovations in the local realm has brought about a process of social transformation in rural areas, particularly in resource management and the system for organizing agricultural work. Through a voluntary movement, informal networks, and the ability to manage the potential of the environment, leadership is able to carry out the transformation process on an increasingly massive scale. This study proves that leadership in a bottom-up movement of ‘activist and organizational networks’ has succeeded in responding to the challenges of food supply limitations, moving towards sustainable food through instilling fundamental values of organizational life and technological breakthroughs as well as local institutions. Methodologically, the research was conducted through a comprehensive literature study stage related to grassroots innovation movements, while primary data collection was carried out through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, social and conventional media analysis, and interviews with community figures