MAKARA Journal of Technology
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE FIRST LIMITING AMINO ACID IN COOKED POLISHED WHITE RICE FED TO WEANLING HOLTZMAN RATS
No full textForty-eight male weanling rats (91 g) were utilized to study the nutritional adequacy of cooked polished white rice. Ratswere individually housed, and allowed ad libitum access to one of six treatment diets. Treatment diets were 1) polishedwhite rice plus 10% casein and 0.18% methionine, CAS, 2) polished white rice, WHR, 3) polished white rice plus0.45% lysine, LYS, 4) polished white rice plus0.40% methionine, MET, 5) polished white rice plus 0.30% threonine,THR, 6) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, 0.40% methionine, and 0.40% threonine, COM. Rice was cooked priordiet formulation using a 3 to 1 ratio of water to rice. Vitamins (AIN-76) and AIN minerals were added to all diets tomeet NRC (1978) requirements. Rats fed CAS diets were significantly heavier on d 21 (P<0.05) than rats on COM,LYS, MET, THR, or WHR diets, (219.9 vs. 171.6, 153.2, 153.2, 148.3, or 155.4 g respectively). Supplementation of themost deficient essential amino acids, lysine (LYS) or methionine (MET) did not improve (P>0.05) rat performance overWHR fed rats, Average daily gain (ADG) for CAS was 6.1 g/d and ADG for LYS and MET was 3.0 g/d. The additionof threonine (THR) significantly (P<0.05) reduced ADG when compared to WHR diets (2.7 vs. 3.0 g/d). When ratswere fed to COM diet significant (P<0.05) improvement in ADG was observed compared to WHR fed rats (4.8 vs. 3.0g/d). The increased gains achieved with COM diet and the poor gains observed with the single amino acid diets (LYS,MET, or THR) would suggest that polished white rice is limiting in more than one essential amino acid.Keywords: amino acids, rice, supplementation, rat, colimitin
SISTEM INJEKSI BAHAN BAKAR SEPEDA MOTOR SATU SILINDER EMPAT LANGKAH
Get PDFFuel Injection System for One Cylinder Motor Cycle Engine. Fuel injection has been developed for many years. Butits common application is limited on car's engine. With many reason fuel injection systems in motorcycle one cylinderengine has not been widely used yet. Fuel Injection System allows the amount of fuel, injected to be controlledappropriate to engine parameters such as engine speed, amount of air inducted to cylinder, temperature, for each cycle,over the entire engine operating conditions. This fuel injection research is done to find out the Volumetric Efficiency ofthe intake manifold system, the amount of fuel need to be injected for each engine cycle, and the engine characteristicsover variation of test conditions. This research based on Honda CB100 engine, at applied thermodynamic Laboratory ofMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia. Experiment data from thisresearch shows the characteristics of injector duration as functions of engine speed, intake pressure, on one cylinderengine and the results of this research shows a good Volumetric Efficiency of the intake manifold designed using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic).Keywords: fuel injection system for motor cycle,intake manifold, computational fluid dynami
PEMODELAN SISTEM TANGKI-TERHUBUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL FUZZY TAKAGI-SUGENO
Get PDFModeling of Coupled-Tank System Using Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno Model. This paper describes modeling of coupledtanksystem based on data measurement using fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model. The fuzzy clustering method of Gustafson-Kessel algorithm is used to classify input-output data into several clusters based on distance similarity of a member ofinput-output data from center of cluster. The formed clusters are projected orthonormally into each linguistic variablesof premise part to determine membership function of fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model. By estimating data in each cluster,the consequent parameters of fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model are calculated using weighted least-squares method. Theresulted fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model is validated by using model performance parameters variance-accounted-for (VAF)and root mean square (RMS) as performance indicators. The simulation results show that the fuzzy Takagi-Sugenomodel is able to mimic nonlinear characteristic of coupled-tank system with good value of model performanceindicators.Keywords: System modeling, fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno, fuzzy clustering, coupled-tan
BIODESULPHURIZATION WITHIN NATURAL GAS IN OIL AND GAS FIELD
Get PDFThe presence of sulphur compounds in natural gas can interfere to the quality of natural gas. The decline of combustiongas capacity, metal instrument corrosion in gas piping, and the environmental pollution from gas emission can affect bytheir presence. Bio-filter is one of the methods that selected to reduce sulphur content in natural gas. A lab scale studyof hydrogen sulphide reduction in natural gas had conducted in oil and gas field using bio-filter method. The bio-filtersystem (±1 L volume) contains an active carbon and thiosulphide medium as a substrate, Thiobacillus thioparus as a single culture of sulphur bacteria, and Thiobacillus thioparus with sludge as a mixed culture of sulphur bacteria. Thestudy of hydrogen sulphide reduction was conducted with continuous flow line process. The gas flow rateapproximately 1.5 L/min with a fluctuate presence of Hydrogen sulphide (approximately 40 - 70 mg/L). The bio-filtersystem contains active carbon, thiosulphide medium, and single culture of T. thioparus appear as a good filter forhydrogen sulphide reduction. During 24 hours, the hydrogen sulphide reduction obtains 93% to 16%. When culturemedia added, the hydrogen sulphide reduction will increase almost 60% and then the reduction decrease to 4% after 20hours. It is concluded that the bio-filter have potential to develop for sulphur reduction in natural gas.Keywords: biofilter, hydrogen sulphide reductio
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN METODE SIX SIGMA DALAM PENJAGAAN KUALITAS PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
Get PDFImplementation of Six Sigma Method to Maintain The Quality of Construction Projects. Six sigma (6-sigma) is amethod that widely developed in the world, especially in manufacturing industry to decrease failures in achieving goodquality in construction projects. The objective of this research is to explore the existing condition of qualitymanagement and the aplication of 6-sigma method in maintaining quality of construction projects. Structured interviewsto experienced experts and people who were recommended by their companies were conducted. Non-parametricanalysis using frequencies distribution procedures were used for analysis. The result shows that existing condition inquality management of construction project in Indonesia have been implemented 6-sigma method approach, thatconcern with is how to adapt with either from internal or external condition of that project.Keywords: construction projects, maintaining quality, six sigm
PENERAPAN KAMERA WEB SEBAGAI PENDETEKSI GERAKAN DENGAN ANTARMUKA DIRECTSHOW
Get PDFImplementation of Web Cam as Motion Detector with DirectShow Interfacing. One of many ways to take control aweb cam is by using DirectShow which is integrated in DirectX. DirectShow acts like an API therefore it is easier touse. Afterwards, web cam will be implemented to detect object’s motion as well as camera surveillance. The method isby comparing a reference image with other image which is taken lately. If there are differences between those image itmeans motion has been detected.Keywords: motion detection, surveillance camer
IRADIASI NEUTRON PADA BAHAN SS316 UNTUK PEMBUATAN ENDOVASCULAR STENT
Get PDFNeutron Irradiation on SS316 Material for Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production. It was reported thatrestenosis could be prevented by radioactive endovascular stent. SS316 material of endovascular stent has beenirradiated at pneumatic rabbit system of G.A. Siwabessy reactor for 5 minutes for producing radioactive stent byneutron activation. After 10 days of decay, the irradiated SS316 was measured by gamma spectrometer. Theradioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 60Co were detected in the irradiated SS316 with radioactivity of 5990, 107 and 109Bq/mg respectively. The Calculation results showed that radioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 55Fe were produced by neutronactivation. The radioactivity of 51Cr, 59Fe and 55Fe were 6051, 70 and 110 Bq/mg respectively. In the irradiatedmaterials, the 55Fe was not detected because the radioisotope emitted radiation with very low energy (5.9 keV). It isconsidered that radioisotope of 60Co was produced from cobalt impurity in the SS316.Keywords: radioactive endovascular stent, neutron activation, SS31
PENGEMBANGAN INVERTER FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL UNTUK PENGENDALIAN MOTOR INDUKSI SEBAGAI PENGGERAK MOBIL LISTRIK DENGAN METODA VECTOR KONTROL
Get PDFThe development of Inverter Fuzzy Logic Control for Induction Motor Control by Vector Control Method in Electric Vehicle. In response to concerns about energy cost, energy dependence, and environmental damage, a rekindling of interest in electric vehicles (EV’s) has been obvious. Thus, the development of power electronics technology for EV’s will take an accelerated pace to fulfill the market needs, regarding with the problem in this paper is presented development of fuzzy logic inverter in induction motor control for electric vehicle propulsion. The Fuzzy logic inverter is developed in this system to directed toward developing an improved propulsion system for electric vehicles applications, the fuzzy logic controller is used for switching process. This paper is describes the design concepts, configuration, controller for inverter fuzzy logic and drive system is developed for this high-performance electric vehicle.Keywords: rule base, vector control, dq mode
PREPARASI SUBSTRAT LIMBAH BIOMASA KEKAYUAN TROPIKA UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOHIDROGEN
Get PDFSubstrates Preparation from Woody Tropical Waste Biomass for Biohydrogen Production. Addressing to the global warming problem, energy crisis and pollution, hydrogen production by micro-organisms using biotechnological approach should be considered, since it fulfils the recent society requirement to safely produce, renewable and environmental friendly energy. Hydrogen is one of the most promising green energy sources, because it is easily converted to electricity and cleanly combustible. There are three types of micro-organisms for hydrogen production, the first is cyanobacteria through the photosynthesis process, the second is anaerobic bacteria, which use organic substances as electron donor and energy and convert them to hydrogen, the third is photosynthetic bacteria, somewhat between photosynthetic and anaerobic bacteria, which are capable of converting the organic substances to hydrogen at a fairly high rate. We propose to use the abundant waste biomasses in Indonesia for hydrogen production by the microbial system. Our focus research is the production of hydrogen from waste biomasses by two-stage fermentation systems, which combine the conversion process of monomer biomasses to lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. and the conversion process of lactic acid to hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria. In this research, two kind substrates preparation were apply for woody waste biomass such as chemical hydrolysis and biological methods with several treatments. The results of the substrate preparation state showed that hydrolyses process of biomasses using strong acid are yielded total sugar about 70-90% of previous original content. Moreover, hydrolyses process using weak/diluted acid are yielded total sugar about 4-30% of original sugar. Furthermore, the biological treatments of degradation of woody waste biomasses are yielded total sugar about 0-10% (by single culture) and 10-50% (by consortium). Those hydrolysates substrates will use for fermentation two stages of lactate fermentation and conversion by photosynthetic bacteria in order to produce hydrogen gas.Keywords: biohydrogen, energy, hydrolysis, substrate, woody waste biomas
REVERSE LINK CDMA SYSTEM CAPACITY EVALUATION FOR STRATOSPHERIC PLATFORM MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Get PDFWe propose an analysis of reverse link CDMA multispot beam stratospheric platforms (SPF) in this paper. The SPF iscurrently proposed as a novel wireless technology for the development of the next generation fixed and mobilecommunications. The geometry of this technology is different from that of the terrestrial but rather similar to thesatellite based cellular system. However, evaluation on the CDMA system capacity of this technology has not beenmuch reported. This paper addresses all possible multiple access interference analyses including the effects of channelfading and shadowing in order to evaluate the system capacity. Single SPF and multiple SPF model are evaluated underperfect power control and imperfect power control. The results indicate that in SPF systems the reverse link CDMAcapacity is significantly reduced because of the power control imperfections. Moreover, in multiple SPF model theinterference caused by the users in overlapped region is not trivial. We found that because of this problem the capacityis reduced for both speech and real-time data applications compared with the single SPF model even though theassumption of perfect power control can be made. In order to improve the system capacity we proposed two methods,first is to increase the minimum elevation angle definition for each platform and the second is to employ an adaptiveantenna.Keywords: stratospheric platform, cellular communication, CDMA, power control, outage probability, adaptiveantenn