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Infant effortful control mediates relations between nondirective parenting and internalising-related child behaviours in an autism-enriched infant cohort
Get PDFInternalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8–14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort
One plus one equals one: age-diverse friendship and its complex relation to employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intentions
Get PDFThis research investigates age-diverse friendship and its complex relation to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Based on self-expansion theory, we argue that age-diverse friendship can lead younger and older employees to perceive oneness (a sense of merged identity) with a colleague from the respective other age-group and that this perceived oneness has consequences. On the positive side, we hypothesize perceived oneness to facilitate motivation to cooperate, which should increase job satisfaction and decrease turnover intentions. On the negative side, we hypothesize perceived oneness to provoke interrole conflict, which should decrease job satisfaction and increase turnover intentions. We found support for our hypotheses in a two-wave dyadic study consisting of 93 German age-diverse employee dyads (N = 186 individuals). Results showed that perceived oneness resulting from age-diverse friendship was related to motivation to cooperate (positive path) and interrole conflict (negative path). In turn, interrole conflict was linked to lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intentions. Motivation to cooperate was however not significantly linked to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. By considering age-diverse friendships, this research provides an age-specific lens on the beneficial and detrimental effects of workplace friendship and contributes to the literatures on age diversity, cross-group friendship, and workplace friendship
Enhancing accounting and finance students’ awareness of transferable skills in an integrated blended learning environment
Get PDFThis research investigates students’ transferable skills in an integrating blended learning environment, specifically addressing writing skills. Drawing on Biggs’ application of constructivism theory, the study analyses students’ characteristics, perception of the designed teaching methods, and confidence in their writing skills. The study context was a suite of accounting and finance programmes in the United Kingdom. 164 student participants answered questionnaires, from among whom focus group participants were organised. A mixed research method was adopted to clarify the drivers of the active learning process. The findings reveal that students’ characteristics influence perceptions, and that a well-designed blended learning method can alter their perceptions and improve students’ writing skills. The study contributes to the literature on blended learning by providing evidence of its positive impact on the students’ learning process and performance. The findings encourage accounting educators to develop strategies to improve students’ performance in transferable skills through an appropriate learning design
One of Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales' offers lessons for the pandemic
No full textChaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" were written in the 14th century in the wake of the bubonic plague.
On a recent trip to London, Here & Now's Scott Tong met with medieval scholars to learn about the fables of the Black Plague. He found that one story, in particular, is relevant to today's pandemic, including choices people make
Impaired sensitivity to spatial configurations in healthy aging
Get PDFStudies have found age-related deficits in face processing, including identity and emotion recognition. It is unclear what underlies such atypicalities, and why older adults are unaffected in other apparently similar perceptual tasks. The present study examined the possibility that particular deficits in configural processing impair the perception of faces in healthy aging. Across two signal detection experiments, we required a group of healthy older adults and matched younger adults to detect changes in images of faces that could differ either at the local, featural level, or in configuration of these features. In support of our hypothesis, older adults were particularly impaired in detecting configural changes, relative to detecting changes in features. The impairments were found for both upright and inverted faces and were similar in a task with images of inanimate objects (houses). Drift diffusion modelling suggested that this decline related to reduced evidence accumulation rather than a tendency to make configural judgments based on less evidence. These findings indicate that domain-general problems processing configural information contribute to the difficulties with face processing in healthy aging, and may in principle also contribute to a range of higher-level social difficulties
The effectiveness of workplace coaching: a meta-analysis of contemporary psychologically informed coaching approaches
Get PDFWe examine psychologically informed coaching approaches for evidence-based work-applied management through a meta-analysis. This analysis synthesized previous empirical coaching research evidence on cognitive behavioral and positive psychology frameworks regarding a range of workplace outcomes, including learning, performance, and psychological well-being. We undertook a systematic literature search to identify primary studies (k= 20, n = 957), then conducted a meta-analysis with robust variance estimates to test the overall effect size and the effects of each moderator. The results confirm that psychologically informed coaching approaches facilitated effective work-related outcomes, particularly on goal attainment (g = 1.29) and self-efficacy (g = .59). Besides, these identified coaching frameworks generated a greater impact on objective work performance rated by others (e.g., 360 feedback) than on coachees’ self-reported performance. Moreover, a cognitive behavioral oriented coaching process stimulated individuals’ internal self-regulation and awareness to promote work satisfaction and facilitated sustainable changes. Yet there was no statistically significant difference between popular and commonly used coaching approaches. Instead, an integrative coaching approach that combines different frameworks facilitated better outcomes (g = .71), including coachees’ psychological well-being. Building on previous meta-analyses and reviews of coaching, this synthesis offers a new insight into effective mechanisms to facilitate desired coaching results. Frameworks grounded in psychotherapy and positive psychology appear most prominent in the literature, yet an integrative approach appears most effective. Effective coaching activities should integrate cognitive coping (e.g., combining cognitive behavioral and solution-focused technique), positive individual traits (i.e., strength-based approach), and contextual factors for an integrative approach to address the full range of coachees’ values, motivators, and organizational resources for yielding positive outcomes
Home-country institutions and corporate social responsibility of emerging economy multinational enterprises: the belt and road initiative as an example
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of home country institutions on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of multinational enterprises from emerging markets (EM-MNEs). Taking the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as an example and using a sample with 2052
firm-year observations from China over the period 2008–2018, we find that the BRI exerts a positive and significant effect on overall CSR of Chinese MNEs involved in the BRI and the positive effect is stronger for Chinese state-owned MNEs. In addition, only two dimensions of CSR (Employee Relations and Products) are improved significantly under the pressure of BRI. Finally, we examine the interactive effect of home and host- country institutions on Chinese MNEs’ CSR and find the positive impact of
the BRI on MNEs’ CSR performance is stronger in host countries with a higher level of CSR related institutional pressure. These results provide practical suggestions for the Chinese government and MNEs to further improve CSR under the BRI, and enrich our
understanding of the interactive effect between home- and host-country institutions on enhancing Chinese MNEs’ reputation and promoting regional cooperation with countries along the BRI
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