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Foreign language enjoyment and anxiety: associations with general and domain-specific English achievement
Get PDFRecent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language (FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA). However, few studies have examined the effect of domain-specific language achievement in shaping FL learning emotions. The present study thus aims to examine how FLE and FLCA are linked to overall FL achievement and self-perceived achievement in six different domains across listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, and grammar. A total of 1, 415 Chinese senior secondary students participated in the questionnaire survey. Regression analyses showed that 1) both FLE and FLCA were predicted more by self-perceived general English proficiency, while less by actual English achievement; 2) perceptions of speaking and grammar competence were significant predictors of both emotions; 3) perceived reading competence predicted FLE significantly but not FLCA; and that 4) perceptions of listening, writing, and vocabulary competence predicted neither FLE nor FLCA. The implication is that domain-specificity should be taken into consideration in future explorations of FL emotions.
当心理邂逅语言学习——探究二者的积极联系
塔米·葛瑞格森 （阿联酋）沙迦美国大学艺术与科学学院英语系
本文对积极心理学(PP),或者说促进美好生活的积极因素(Peterson, 2006) 进行了概述,并通过
5 个干预研究论述了积极心理对语言学习的积极影响。本文还从积极心理学研究的目标与第二语言学习与
教学的语言目标这两个视角看待这5 个干预研究,发现了这些研究结果的共同之处:研究提升了教师和学
习者的幸福感和学习者的语言水平。本研究得出的一项重要启示是积极心理学关照下的干预活动只有满足学习者个体需求,才能发挥最佳功能。
关键词：积极心理学;幸福感;干预;情绪;标志性美格;品味;感激
一种另类的紧张——积极心理学视角下的外语学习焦虑
早崎绫 / 斯蒂文·瑞安 （日本）早稻田大学语言、艺术与科学研究生院
本研究从积极心理学视角对外语学习中的焦虑现象进行了研究,旨在反映外语学习焦虑与外语学习者 心理中其他变量之间的关系,提高外语学习成效和提升学习者满足感。研究者对日本北部地区的大学英语 学习者进行了小规模的混合研究。结果显示,对于多数外语学习者,某些外语学习经历最能诱发焦虑,同时也最有益且具有乐趣。因此,本研究建议学者们重新考虑焦虑是否是阻碍语言学习的因素,这一过于简 单的观点。本研究从积极心理学视角重新审视了语言学习焦虑,并在焦虑重构为“紧张感”的基础上,提 出了语言学习焦虑的操作性框架,认为焦虑是取得更有成效的语言学习经历的一个核心因素。
关键词：焦虑;参与;愉悦;积极心理学;关系;社会比较;紧张
英语综合成绩与分项成绩对外语愉悦和焦虑的预测作用研究
强马克·德瓦尔 （英国）伦敦大学伯贝克学院李成陈 华中科技大学外国语学院
研究证实综合二语成绩对外语愉悦及焦虑均有显著的预测作用,但鲜有研究考察各语言模块的成绩
与二语课堂情绪的关系。鉴于此,本研究考察综合外语成绩、综合成绩感知及听、说、读、写、词汇、 语法六个语言模块成绩感知对外语愉悦及焦虑的预测作用。共1415 名中国高中生参与问卷调查,回归分析结果显示:1) 相比真实的综合成绩,综合成绩感知对外语愉悦及焦虑的预测作用;2) 口语及语法成绩感知对两种情绪均有显著的预测作用;3) 阅读成绩感知对外语愉悦有显著的预测作用,但对外语焦虑无显著预测作用更强;4) 听力、写作及词汇成绩感知对两种情绪均无显著预测作用。这些研究发
现表明外语情绪研究需要考虑不同语言模块类型的不同特征。
关键词：外语愉悦;外语焦虑;积极心理学;控制 价值理论
基金项目：国家社科基金青年项目“学习环境对农村留守儿童英语学习行为的影响及其心理机制研究” (19CYY017)
中国高中生英语学业韧性实证研究刘宏刚 东北师范大学外国语学院 韩雪珂 北京市昌平区第二中学
学业韧性已成为积极心理学领域的热点话题,但在应用语言学领域仍有待探索。基于T. Y. Kim 和Y.
K. Kim (2017) 提出的二语学习者韧性框架,本研究对高中生英语学业韧性(EAR) 及其与英语成绩(EA)的关系进行研究。研究首先对454 名高中生进行问卷调查,随后通过访谈进一步分析定量结果。描述性
Face processing in early development: a systematic review of behavioral studies and considerations in times of COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFHuman faces are one of the most prominent stimuli in the visual environment of young infants and convey critical information for the development of social cognition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mask wearing has become a common practice outside the home environment. With masks covering nose and mouth regions, the facial cues available to the infant are impoverished. The impact of these changes on development is unknown but is critical to debates around mask mandates in early childhood settings. As infants grow, they increasingly interact with a broader range of familiar and unfamiliar people outside the home; in these settings, mask wearing could possibly influence social development. In order to generate hypotheses about the effects of mask wearing on infant social development, in the present work, we systematically review N = 129 studies selected based on the most recent PRISMA guidelines providing a state-of-the-art framework of behavioral studies investigating face processing in early infancy. We focused on identifying sensitive periods during which being exposed to specific facial features or to the entire face configuration has been found to be important for the development of perceptive and socio-communicative skills. For perceptive skills, infants gradually learn to analyze the eyes or the gaze direction within the context of the entire face configuration. This contributes to identity recognition as well as emotional expression discrimination. For socio- communicative skills, direct gaze and emotional facial expressions are crucial for attention engagement while eye-gaze cuing is important for joint attention. Moreover, attention to the mouth is particularly relevant for speech learning. We discuss possible implications of the exposure to masked faces for developmental needs and functions. Providing groundwork for further research, we encourage the investigation of the consequences of mask wearing for infants’ perceptive and socio-communicative development, suggesting new directions within the research field
Predicting men’s intentions to seek help for cancer symptoms: a comparison of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model
Get PDFObjective: Targeted behavioural interventions are needed to address psychosocial factors leading to slower help-seeking for cancer symptoms among men. This study compared the variance in men’s help-seeking intentions explained by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model.
Method: A cross-sectional survey of 127 men was conducted, testing symptom knowledge and theory-derived constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioural control) and Health Belief Model (susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers). The outcome variable was intention to seek help for cancer symptoms. Separate and combined hierarchical regressions tested the relative predictive power of the two models, potential overlap in variance explained, and the most salient constructs within the models.
Results: Separate regressions (controlling for age and symptom knowledge) showed each model explained 10–12% variance in men’s help-seeking intentions over and above the adjusted variables. The combined regression indicated symptom knowledge, perceived benefits, and perceived behavioural control were significant predictors of men’s intentions (35% total variance explained).
Conclusions: The Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model may not be optimal models for explaining men’s help-seeking intentions for cancer symptoms, however, select constructs are important correlates. Future interventions may usefully target symptom knowledge, health beliefs, and control beliefs
The presence of an absence: framing capital in Mercado de futuros (Mercedes Álvarez, 2011), La mano invisible (David Macián, 2016) and Cerca de tu casa (Eduard Cortés, 2016)
Get PDFWhile the extensive bibliography devoted to Spanish austerity cinema always mentions the
global dimension of the 2008 financial crisis, it tends to centre on representations of a
suffering population, Spanish politics or the legacy of the Transition to democracy. This
article adds to this field by emphasizing a different aspect of this cinema’s critical intent in
three case studies. Here Fredric Jameson’s concept of cognitive mapping is invoked to argue
that Mercado de futuros (Mercedes Álvarez, 2011), La mano invisible (David Macián, 2016)
and Cerca de tu casa (Eduard Cortés, 2016) are concerned with exposing capitalism’s
responsibility for creating the crisis and proposing alternatives and critical responses to it.
These three films synecdochally identify housing, labour relations and the Media as ideal
battlegrounds on which to confront capital, while presenting affect as an asset open for all
contenders to activate. All three films deny capital the status of an unappealable totality:
Mercado alludes to a world beyond capitalism while Mano and Cerca adduce populist
antagonisms to its long-standing hegemony. Through differing approaches, these texts reveal
their vocation as cinematic critical pedagogies, producing political subjects onscreen in order
to generate them in an array of offscreen contexts
A skew logistic distribution for modelling COVID-19 waves and its evaluation using the empirical survival Jensen-Shannon divergence
Get PDFA novel yet simple extension of the symmetric logistic distribution is proposed by introducing a skewness parameter. It is shown how the three parameters of the ensuing skew logistic distribution may be estimated using maximum likelihood. The skew logistic distribution is then extended to the skew bi-logistic distribution to allow the modelling of multiple waves in epidemic time series data. The proposed skew-logistic model is validated on COVID-19 data from the UK, and is evaluated for goodness-of-fit against the logistic and normal distributions using the recently formulated empirical survival Jensen–Shannon divergence (ESJS) and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample test statistic (KS2). We employ 95% bootstrap confidence intervals to assess the improvement in goodness-of-fit of the skew logistic distribution over the other distributions. The obtained confidence intervals for the ESJS are narrower than those for the KS2 on using this dataset, implying that the ESJS is more powerful than the KS2
Internet of things enabled the control and optimization of supply chain cost for unmanned convenience stores
Get PDFIn the context of ‘‘new retail‘‘, various new retail models have appeared in the market one after another, such as unmanned retail, and unmanned convenience stores, which are based on a model in the unmanned retail industry. At present, unmanned convenience stores still have to deal with the challenges in operations, including difficulty in landing site selection, immature technology, and low public awareness. The most important issue is the supply chain cost control. It seems that operating methods that reduce costs through technical support cannot effectively control their costs. This article not only combines cost analysis methods such as flexible budgeting method to calculate and analyze the supply chain cost of unmanned convenience stores, but also proposes cost control methods from the perspective of supply chain management, and gives suggestions on the future development direction of unmanned convenience stores
Qualitative research methods I: emotionally engaged approaches to working with vulnerable participants
Get PDFThis report highlights the need for distinct approaches in qualitative research when working with the pain of marginalised and vulnerable communities. Firstly, it argues for a need to incorporate ‘emotionally engaged research’ that acknowledges complicated entanglements between researchers and those we work with, particularly when conditions of pain are present. Secondly, it traces work in sensitive contexts to highlight effective strategies that aim to ‘do no harm’ and may also become a catalyst for easing pain. Thirdly, it identifies barriers to emotionally engaged work including the need to rethink training and support for researchers
Mental hospitals, social exclusion and public ‘Scandals’
Get PDFFrom the late 1960s to the early ’80, at least 10 major and many smaller inquiries were held into abuse, failures of care, and maladministration in NHS psychiatric and ‘mental handicap’ hospitals. This chapter provides an overview of how cultures of abuse, in its many forms, had permeated the structures and practices of some hospitals providing long-term care for decades. What social, cultural and political mechanisms active in medicine, nursing and beyond facilitated the exposure of these practices by the press and persistent campaigners, forcing politicians to order lengthy and costly inquiries? How did the inquiries help bring about change to the provision of long-term care in the 1970s and contribute to the widespread closure of the old Victorian asylums from the 1980s
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the meaning of work to women living with breast cancer
Get PDFWork is an important aspect of everyday life. This remains true for those living with and beyond cancer. Less is known about how the meaning of work may change over the cancer journey, the needs of the individual in response to changes and how healthcare professionals and employing organisations can meet these needs. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of professional working women within the UK.
This article presents an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of the experiences of 15 professional women diagnosed with breast cancer. We discuss these women's journey from 1) rethinking the meaning of work to 2) making decisions about work ability and advice on work to 3) transitioning back in to the workplace and the value of continued engagement with employer.
The findings from the study demonstrate the complex interplay between living with cancer, treatment decisions and work. This study highlights two key areas for inclusion in practice: 1)support from health care professionals and judgments of functional ability and work ability and 2) the roile of line managers in managing cancer and work
Bridging composite and real: towards end-to-end deep image matting
Get PDFExtracting accurate foregrounds from natural images benefits many downstream applications such as film production and augmented reality. However, the furry characteristics and various appearance of the foregrounds, e.g., animal and portrait, challenge existing matting methods, which usually require extra user inputs such as trimap or scribbles. To resolve these problems, we study the distinct roles of semantics and details for image matting and decompose the task into two parallel sub-tasks: high-level semantic segmentation and low-level details matting. Specifically, we propose a novel glance and Focus Matting network (GFM), which employs a shared encoder and two separate decoders to learn both tasks in a collaborative manner for end-to-end natural image matting. Besides, due to the limitation of available natural images in the matting task, previous methods typically adopt composite images for training and evaluation, which result in limited generalization ability on real-world images. In this paper, we investigate the domain gap issue between composite images and real-world images systematically by conducting comprehensive analyses of various discrepancies between the foreground and background images. We find that a carefully desinged composition route RSSN that aims to reduce the discepancies can lead to a better model with remarkable generalization ability . Furthermore, we provide a bench mark containing 2,000 high-resolution real-world animal images and 10,000 portrait images along with their manually labelled alpha mattes to serve as a test bed for evaluating matting model's generalization ability on real-world images. Comprehensive empirical studies have demonstrated that GFM outperforms state-of-the-art methods and effectively reduces the generalization error. The code and the datasets will be released at https://github.com/JizhiziLi/GFM
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