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What is Nikolai Gogol’s The Nose about? (Or the smell of Law)
Get PDFThe chapter reads Nikolai Gogol’s short story ‘The Nose’ as a metaphor about judgement. Police officers tend to use their noses to sniff out criminality. This sniffing I argue can be both beneficent and prejudicial to our society
Offal Audio 2
No full textOffal Audio is a sound file distributed via WhatsApp. It is a collage of readings made using the AI voice generator Play HT of material from the journal Offal, with assorted sound sources. Offal published experimental and hybrid creative work by both established and new writers
The role of technology in improving access to justice for victims of family violence: challenges and opportunities
Get PDFIn Australia, domestic and family violence (DFV) is a major health and human rights issue. Technology is increasingly being recognised as an important tool to assist victims/survivors of DFV in accessing legal services, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology has been rapidly rolled out to assist victims/survivors obtain legal advice and protection orders, and to participate in judicial processes. This article focuses on the experiences of lawyers in Victoria who have been using technology as part of their work to support victims/survivors of DFV. Interviews with the lawyers reveal that while technology plays a crucial role in enhancing access to justice for victims of DFV, it can also present risks, particularly in view of perpetrators’ increasing use of technology to facilitate violence. Technology may also replicate the barriers already faced by many victims when seeking justice. These issues arise because, often, technology is not designed based on the needs of the victims/survivors. This article argues that to ensure the safety and security of DFV victims/survivors and to facilitate their access to justice, the development and design of technology must be victim-centric and trauma-informed
Financing development through PPPs: what does this mean for inequalities
No full textPublic–Private Partnerships (PPPs) are promoted by international development donors as a means of financing the Sustainable Development Goals. In the health sector, PPPs have been used for a range of purposes including financing the building of new healthcare infrastructure and the delivery of healthcare services. Yet despite the growth of health PPPs across the Global South, little attention has been given to their ability to address health inequalities. Critics argue that given their commercial imperative, health PPPs can potentially undermine the right to health and entrench existing inequalities. The chapter reflects on the potential challenges and opportunities offered by health PPPs in Latin America, before focusing on the case of Peru and asks how far PPPs can address the major challenges faced by a health system characterised by fragmentation and inequalities
Does Smile help detect the UK’s Price Leadership Change after MiFID?
Get PDFWe investigate intraday realised volatility, trading volume, and information transmission following a series of changes to the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) in the UK. We find that multilateral trading facilities attract order flows from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and hence introduce new dynamics to market provisions, such as volatility and information transmission. In addition, the structure of the order books and market depth changed after the introduction of MiFID in the UK. However, our novel study conveying smile patterns of volatility and volume suggests that the LSE continues to lead the rest of the multilateral venues. This shows that although MiFID has led to market segmentation, there is still clear price discovery among multilateral trading facilities
Associations between socioeconomic status, cognition and brain structure: evaluating potential causal pathways through mechanistic models of development
No full textDifferences in socioeconomic status (SES) correlate both with differences in cognitive development and in brain structure. Associations between SES and brain measures such as cortical surface area and cortical thickness mediate differences in cognitive skills such as executive function and language. However, causal accounts that link SES, brain, and behavior are challenging because SES is a multidimensional construct: correlated environmental factors such as family income and parental education are only distal markers for proximal causal pathways. Moreover, the causal accounts themselves must span multiple levels of description, employ a developmental perspective, and integrate genetic effects on individual differences. Nevertheless, causal accounts have the potential to inform policy and guide interventions to reduce gaps in developmental outcomes. In this article, we review the range of empirical data to be integrated in causal accounts of developmental effects on brain and cognition associated with variation in SES. We take the specific example of language development and evaluate the potential of a multi-scale computational model of development, based on an artificial neural network, to support the construction of causal accounts. We show how, with bridging assumptions that link properties of network structure to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure, different sets of empirical data on SES effects can be connected. We use the model to contrast two possible causal pathways for environmental influences that are associated with SES: differences in prenatal brain development and differences in postnatal cognitive stimulation. We then use the model to explore the implications of each pathway for the potential to intervene to reduce gaps in developmental outcomes. The model points to cumulative effects of social disadvantage on multiple pathways as the source of the poorest response to interventions. Overall, we highlight the importance of implemented models to test competing accounts of environmental influences on individual differences
Salary determination in professional football: empirical evidence from goalkeepers
Get PDFWe consider how elite European football clubs use available and measurable performance data to value personnel by focussing on the goalkeeper labour market. We test the determinants of goalkeeper pay and discuss if football clubs effectively separate goalkeeper performances from outfield players
The temporal dynamics of selective attention are reflected by distractor intrusions
Get PDFWhen observers have to identify an object embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, they often erroneously report the identity of a distractor instead of the target (distractor intrusion). In two experiments, we examined whether these intrusion errors are associated with the speed of attentional engagement. Participants reported the identity of target digits indicated by shape selection cues. To manipulate the speed of engagement, targets appeared either within a single RSVP stream or unpredictably in one of two streams. Objects that followed the selection cue were reported more frequently when engagement was delayed (two streams), whereas the probability of reporting objects preceding the cue was higher when engagement was faster (single stream). These results show that distractor intrusions are closely linked to the allocation of selective attention in time, making the intrusion paradigm a useful tool for research into the temporal dynamics of attention. They also provide new evidence for the idea that attentional selectivity operates within brief periods of perceptual enhancement (attentional episodes), facilitating the processing of all objects within this period, regardless of their status as targets or distractors
Multi-level meta-analysis of physical activity interventions during childhood: effects of physical activity on cognition and academic achievement
Get PDFThere is evidence that physical activity positively influences cognition and academic outcomes in childhood. This systematic review used a three-level meta-analytic approach, which handles nested effect sizes, to assess the impact of physical activity interventions. Ninety-two randomised control trials in typically developing children (5-12 years old, N = 25,334) were identified. Control group type and intervention characteristics including duration, frequency and teacher qualification were explored as potential moderators. Results showed physical activity interventions improved on-task behaviour with a large effect size (g = 1.04, p = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.08 – 2.00), very low-certainty evidence) and led to moderate improvements in creativity (g = 0.70, p < 0.01 (0.20 – 1.20), low-certainty evidence). Small beneficial effects were found for fluid intelligence (g = 0.16, p = 0.03 (0.02, 0.30), moderate-certainty evidence) and working memory (g = 0.18, p = 0.01 (0.07 – 0.29) very low-certainty evidence) but no overall benefit was observed for attention, inhibitory control, planning, cognitive flexibility or academic outcomes. Heterogeneity was high and moderator analyses indicated beneficial effects of PA with academic instruction of 6 – 10-week duration with moderate or moderate to vigorous intensity on mathematics outcomes and enriched PA programmes on language outcomes. In contrast, aerobic PA with moderate to vigorous intensity benefitted executive function outcomes. These results therefore suggest differential mechanisms of impact of different types of PA on different aspects of cognition
The transfer of what? Electronic conveyancing and the destabilisation of property
Get PDFIn jurisdictions around the world, the previously paper-based practice of conveyancing is being digitised. The move to ‘e-conveyancing’ has attracted little critical attention and tends to be regarded as a mere change of form rather than substance. In this article, I examine Australia’s move to national, platform-based electronic conveyancing, focusing on legal and practical changes made in the state of New South Wales to facilitate that move, asking how changes in the legal form of property affect its substance. Using legal analysis and engaging with a range of interdisciplinary literature on materiality, I argue that these digitising reforms involve a new structure of governance for the transfer of property in land, which in turn has negative implications for the relevance of subject-owns-object theories of property and the status of the proprietor. Although the diminution of proprietor status is presently occurring in ways that bolster the power of corporate finance, the shift away from older modes of landownership nonetheless presents a moment of potential disruption to the political regimes they help uphold, and an opportunity to reimagine what property is and could be
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