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The relationship between team diversity and team performance: reconciling promise and reality through a comprehensive meta-analysis registered report
Get PDFWorkforce diversity is increasing across the globe, while organizations strive for equity and inclusion. Therefore, research has investigated how team diversity relates to performance. Despite clear arguments why diversity should enhance (some types of) performance, and promising findings in individual studies, meta-analyses have shown weak main effects. However, many meta-analyses have failed to distinguish situations where diversity should have a positive impact from those where its impact is more likely to be negative, leaving boundary conditions unclear. Here, we summarized the growing literature across disciplines, countries, and languages through a reproducible registered report meta-analysis on the relationship between diversity and team performance (615 reports, 2,638 effect sizes).
Overall, we found that the average linear relationships between demographic, job-related and cognitive diversity, and team performance are significant and positive, but insubstantial (|r| < .1). Considering a wide range of moderators, we found few instances when correlations were substantial. However, context matters. Correlations were more positive when tasks were higher in complexity or required creativity and innovation, and when teams were working in contexts lower in collectivism and power distance. Contrary to expectations, the link between diversity and performance was not substantially influenced by teams’ longevity or interdependence. The main results appear robust to publication bias. Further research is needed on how diversity climates and team cultures affect these relationships, and when there may be non-linear relationships – yet for the moment, promises of wide-spread performance increases may not be the strongest arguments to promote diversity initiatives. We discuss further implications for researchers and practitioners, and provide a web app to examine subsets of the data: https://2ly.link/1xekY
Correlation clustering with vertex splitting
Get PDFWe explore CLUSTER EDITING and its generalization CORRELATION CLUSTERING with a new operation called permissive vertex splitting which addresses finding overlapping clusters in the face of uncertain information. We determine that both problems are NP-hard, yet they exhibit significant differences in terms of parameterized complexity and approximability. For CLUSTER EDITING WITH PERMISSIVE VERTEX SPLITTING, we show a polynomial kernel when parameterized by the solution size and develop a polynomial-time 7-approximation. In the case of CORRELATION CLUSTERING, we establish para-NP-hardness when parameterized by the solution size and demonstrate that computing an n^{1-ε}-approximation is NP-hard for any constant ε > 0. Additionally, we extend an established link between CORRELATION CLUSTERING and MULTICUT to the setting with permissive vertex splits
Principles for Practice No. 1 - Humanity at the heart of the coronial process: information and communication
Get PDFThis good practice document is based on findings of the Voicing Loss project on the role of bereaved people in the coronial process. The project involved interviews with 89 people who had experience of the coroner service following the death of someone they were close to, as well as interviews with coronial professionals and witnesses. This document aims to improve provision of information to, and communication with, bereaved people during coroners’ investigations. It is intended for professionals and practitioners in the coronial sector. Three principles relating to information and communication are identified: recognising and filling knowledge gaps; responsiveness and timeliness; and personcentred communication
Lessons from the COVID-19 Inquiry for the Civil Service
Get PDFThe COVID-19 inquiry offers compelling evidence that the working relationship between ministers and civil servants has become dysfunctional. Ministers are often disappointed with the quality of civil service advice and distrustful of officials’ intentions. Civil servants, for their part, are unable to stand up to behaviour by ministers that breaches established standards of propriety and codes of conduct.
Civil servants' comparative advantage lies in operational knowledge and institutional memory. They should be able to tell ministers what is needed to make a policy work with more authority than any outsider. To beat off critics who claim that they are inefficient and unwilling, they have to become good managers, and be able to demonstrate this. This means using the tools of formal monitoring and accepting the scrutiny which comes with them.
Under current arrangements, ministers can respond to conflict with civil servants by claiming that the working relationship has broken down and pressing for the dismissal of the offending official. Their willingness to do this is surely central to the culture of weaselly compliance that the Covid enquiry has exposed. But to regain job security, civil servants will have to accept formal accountability
Efram Sera-Shriar. Psychic Investigators: Anthropology, Modern Spiritualism, and Credible Witnessing in the Late Victorian Age
No full textCyborg conception: cultural and critical responses to solo motherhood by choice
Get PDFReproduction is one of the most fundamental biological functions of living organisms; for humans, sexual reproduction is not only a pathway to genetic offspring, but – for many – a rite of passage. The importance of reproductive health is underscored in society and highlighted in sexual education curricula; yet family planning discourse is commonly limited to heteronormative nuclear family constructs. Donor gamete conception (donation of sperm and eggs) has enabled the development of diverse family models for years. Today, many women are choosing to conceive solo through donor conception, a decision which is lauded as feminist empowerment but also demonised as unethical. Cyborg Conception offers a cultural analysis of some key debates on solo motherhood by choice and considers the ways in which family planning has changed in the contemporary. Written by an author who is both a solo mother through sperm donation and a scholar in the cultural history of assisted reproduction, this book offers an overview of how solo reproduction – or what could be called cyborg conception – is debated in the contemporary world
Dynamic panel analysis of the EU’s fiscal reaction function with threshold effects
Get PDFThis study contributes to the ongoing reform of the EU’s economic governance, particularly about fiscal performance. We opt for a fiscal reaction function of the cyclically adjusted primary balance. Given concerns over underlying endogeneity and heterogeneity across countries we employ a threshold dynamic analysis. The findings confirm that the fiscal policy in the EU has been procyclical overall. However, we identify two regimes of output gap. Fiscal policy has been countercyclical for EU member states in the higher output gap regime while EU member states follow a procyclical fiscal policy in the lower regime. We reveal also that the endogenous debt-to-GDP ratio threshold is at 75.6% for the EU and 78.7% for the Euro area, which notably exceeds the EU Treaty’s reference value of 60%. Fiscal rules and fiscal councils mitigate procyclical fiscal policies, being more effective for low debt countries. In terms of policy implications, the identified fiscal thresholds and variability across countries warrant a higher degree of fiscal coordination in the EU, particularly in the Euro area
A “common sense” response to health inequalities in Peru? Public Private Partnerships in health and the implications for the right to health and economic inequality.
Get PDFDrawing on the case of Peru, our analysis looks at the ways in which the mainstream media creates support for government policies aimed at implementing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector. Peru has a highly fragmented and segmented healthcare system, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the deeply embedded inequalities in accessing healthcare across the country. Nevertheless, the construction of hospitals financed and managed via a PPP arrangement has been one of the major solutions proposed and implemented by successive Peruvian governments in response to the health sector’s challenges. As our analysis demonstrates, the media has played a significant role in promoting this ‘common sense’ agenda whereby greater reliance on the private sector is presented as a solution to the weaknesses of the public sector. Our article considers the wider evidence on the role of PPPs in the health sector and contends that there is very little evidence on the system-wide benefits of PPPs, thus raising significant concerns about their ability to address health inequalities effectively. It also raises important questions about how far PPPs are able to support states in guaranteeing the right to health for their citizens
Convivial scenes on the Strand, 1823
Get PDFAdopting an associational and wandering approach, this article reconstructs some of the scenes and figures which might have been encountered by a visitor to the Strand in 1823. These include William Blake, in Fountain Court, or William Godwin near the church of St Clement’s, visited that year by his daughter Mary Shelley, with whom he attended an adaptation of her novel Frankenstein on a nearby stage. The scene depicted here around the Strand in 1823 also includes buskers and their crowding audiences, which are in turn presented as members of delightful scenes available in a burgeoning reproduced literature. Less visible perhaps are the agitating radicals meeting in pubs and back rooms and those drawn inside the cultural institutions in the area. The core inquiry here is into education, that is to say, what constitutes an education, how and to who does it circulate, and what is to come of it? Is it to be found in the old academic institutions, in the newly founded ones, such as the Juvenile Library or the London Mechanics’ Institution? Or, more radically, does it rise up on the streets, in the pubs and the popular theatres, or is it perhaps, something that will be stored up in back rooms waiting for a future into which it can finally be released? Who are its recipients? What is the past and future of a radical vernacular education?
Keywords: William Blake, Mary Shelley, Strand, William Godwin, London, 1823, Juvenile Library, radical education, London Mechanics’ Institutio
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