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Digital Scholarly Journals are Poorly Preserved: A Study of 7 Million Articles
Get PDFIntroduction
Digital preservation underpins the persistence of scholarly links and citations through the DOI system. We do not currently know, at scale, the extent to which articles assigned a DOI are adequately preserved.
Methods
We construct a database of preservation information from original archival sources and then examine the preservation statuses of 7,438,037 DOIs in a random sample.
Results
Of the 7,438,037 works examined, there were 5.9 million copies spread over the archives used in this work. Further, 4,342,368 of the works that we studied (58.38%) were present in at least one archive. However, this left 2,056,492 works in our sample (27.64%) that are seemingly unpreserved. The remaining 13.98% of works in the sample were excluded either for being too recent (published in the current year), not being journal articles, or having insufficient date metadata for us to identify the source.
Discussion
Our study is limited by design in several ways. Among these are the facts that it uses only a subset of archives; it only tracks articles with DOIs; and it does not account for institutional repository coverage. Nonetheless, as an initial attempt to gauge the landscape, our results will still be of interest to libraries, publishers, and researchers.
Conclusion
This work reveals an alarming preservation deficit. Only 0.96% of Crossref members (n=204) can be confirmed to digitally preserve over 75% of their content in 3 or more of the archives that we studied.1 A slightly larger proportion – 8.5% (n=1,797) – preserved over 50% of their content in 2 or more archives. Many members – 57.7% (n=12,257) – though, only met the threshold of having 25% of their material in a single archive. Most worryingly, 32.9% (n=6,982) of Crossref members seem not to have any adequate digital preservation in place, against the recommendations of the Digital Preservation Coalition.
Implications for Practice
We suggest a number of actions that could strengthen preservation cultures, including:
• DOI registration agencies upgrading their contractual wording from ‘best efforts’ to define a minimum required standard of preservation, with certified archives listed. This will require periodic review.
• DOI registration agencies beginning enforcement of the preservation clause, with appropriate member sanctions.
• DOI registration agencies upgrading DOI deposit schemas to make preservation assertions mandatory.
• DOI registration agencies and other groups, perhaps from the library community, regularly confirming the accuracy of preservation assertions.
• Library groups and other organizations (such as OASPA, DOAJ, and the Library Publishing Coalition) creating and continuing an education and outreach campaign for publisher members that emphasizes digital preservation. This could also include webinars for new members.
• DOI registration agencies conducting direct outreach to members in the lower ranking preservation categories, bearing in mind that targeting larger members here may have disproportionate benefits.
• DOI registration agencies considering nationally specific campaigns where clear problems have emerged on a geographical basis.
• DOI registration agencies introducing an opt-in, but automated, system for preserving content through DOI registration mechanisms.
We also note that the unavailability of item-level preservation data represents a significant challenge to observation of the digital preservation landscape
Therapy with children of LGBTQ parents
No full textBook synopsis: The SAGE Encyclopedia of LGBTQ Studies, 2nd Edition will be a broad, interdisciplinary product aimed at students and educators interested in an interdisciplinary perspective on LGBTQ issues. This far-reaching and contemporary set of volumes is meant to examine and provide understandings of the lives and experiences of LGBTQ individuals, with attention to the contexts and forces that shape their world. The volume will address questions such as: What are the key theories used to understand variations in sexual orientation and gender identity? How do LGBTQ+ people experience the transition to parenthood? How does sexual orientation intersect with other key social locations (e.g., race) to shape experience and identity? What does LGBTQ+ affirmative therapy look like? How have anti-LGBTQ ballot measures affected LGBTQ people? What are LGBTQ+ people’s experiences during COVID-19? How were LGBTQ+ people impacted by the Trump administration? What is life like for LGBTQ+ people living outside the United States?
This encyclopedia will be a unique product on the market: a reference work that looks at LGBTQ issues and identity primarily through the lenses of psychology, human development, and sociology, and emphasizing queer, feminist, and ecological perspectives on this topic. Entries will be written by top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields—psychology, human development, gender/queer studies, sexuality studies, social work, nursing, cultural studies, education, family studies, medicine, public health, and sociology—contributing to approximately 450-500 signed entries. All entries will include cross-references and Further Readings
Surrogacy
No full textBook synopsis: The SAGE Encyclopedia of LGBTQ Studies, 2nd Edition will be a broad, interdisciplinary product aimed at students and educators interested in an interdisciplinary perspective on LGBTQ issues. This far-reaching and contemporary set of volumes is meant to examine and provide understandings of the lives and experiences of LGBTQ individuals, with attention to the contexts and forces that shape their world. The volume will address questions such as: What are the key theories used to understand variations in sexual orientation and gender identity? How do LGBTQ+ people experience the transition to parenthood? How does sexual orientation intersect with other key social locations (e.g., race) to shape experience and identity? What does LGBTQ+ affirmative therapy look like? How have anti-LGBTQ ballot measures affected LGBTQ people? What are LGBTQ+ people’s experiences during COVID-19? How were LGBTQ+ people impacted by the Trump administration? What is life like for LGBTQ+ people living outside the United States?
This encyclopedia will be a unique product on the market: a reference work that looks at LGBTQ issues and identity primarily through the lenses of psychology, human development, and sociology, and emphasizing queer, feminist, and ecological perspectives on this topic. Entries will be written by top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields—psychology, human development, gender/queer studies, sexuality studies, social work, nursing, cultural studies, education, family studies, medicine, public health, and sociology—contributing to approximately 450-500 signed entries. All entries will include cross-references and Further Readings
On the relational aspects of trust and trustworthiness: results from a laboratory experiment
Get PDFDo we trust better-connected people more than others and are those who are better connected more trustworthy? Interaction in social networks affects trust as it helps reduce informational asymmetries and identify those whom to trust. It also provides channels for reciprocity where trustworthiness emerges as a relational rather than individual characteristic. We run a laboratory experiment in which trustors decide on how to allocate their endowment to five trustees both before and after a network formation phase. Our results show that trustors are influenced by the behaviour of trustees in the network formation phase: when the allocation is chosen after networks have been formed, trust is directed towards the most frequent connections of the trustor. However, when trustors' offers are anonymous, such increased trust is not reciprocated by trustees. This suggests that social connections do not signal a greater individual propensity to reciprocate trust, but rather provide channels for reciprocity which can only be activated when both trust and trustworthiness are not anonymous
Exploring attitudes towards xenotransplantation: a scoping review of healthcare workers, healthcare students, and kidney patients
Get PDFBackground: Recent advances mean that formal clinical trials of solid organ xenotransplantation are increasingly likely to begin and patients requiring a kidney transplant could be the first participants. Healthcare workers and healthcare students constitute the current and future workforce that will influence public opinion of xenotransplantation. The attitudes of these populations are important to consider before recruitment for formal clinical trials begins.
Methods: This scoping review was reported according to the PRISMA extensions for scoping reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify articles that studied the attitudes of healthcare workers, healthcare students, or kidney patients toward xenotransplantation.
Results: The search generated 816 articles, of which 27 met the eligibility criteria. The studies were conducted in 14 different countries on five different continents. Participants from the 27 studies totalled 29,836—this was constituted of 6,223 (21%) healthcare workers, 21,067 (71%) healthcare students, and 2,546 (8%) kidney patients. All three groups had an overall positive attitude towards xenotransplantation. However, in studies where participants were asked to consider xenotransplantation when the risks and results were not equal to allotransplantation—the overall attitude switched from positive to negative. The results also found that Spanish speaking populations expressed more favourable views toward xenotransplantation compared to English-speaking populations.
Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that whilst attitudes of the three groups towards xenotransplantation are—on the face of it—positive, this positivity deteriorates when the risks and outcomes are framed in more clinically realistic terms. Only formal clinical trials can determine how the risks and outcomes of xenotransplantation compare to allotransplantation
Profilicity and online safety
Get PDFThis article applies the concept of profilicity to the emergence of online harms legislation. Grounded in social systems theory, profilicity designates a mode of self-presentation prevalent in social media environments, although discernible in the growing number of situations where personal identity is mediated via a profile intended to be publicly observed. Profilicity is distinctly different to ‘authentic’ and ‘sincere’ modes of self-presentation, although they survive alongside it. The concept productively reframes what is at stake in the regulation of ‘harmful’ content on platform-based communications, exemplified in the Online Safety Act 2023, which is subject to extensive criticism for invading privacy and for mandating the censorship of lawful speech, values that evolved in relation to authenticity and autonomy. Profilicity engages law first via the identity techniques that law presupposes and second via the design decisions it now regulates
Religious suffrage societies
No full textBook synopsis: The suffrage movement remains the largest autonomous political movement of women in British history. The Routledge Companion to British Women’s Suffrage provides a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art contemporary scholarship on this movement.
Arranged across four thematic sections, this volume explores the range of developments in suffrage research since the 1990s, combining scholars’ unique insights to offer a much more complete picture of the British suffrage campaign. Each sections provides a thoroughgoing overview of different approaches that have underpinned studies of the British suffrage movement, across disciplines ranging from history and gender studies, to literature, digital humanities and sociology. Sections also explore the various aspects of the material cultures of the suffrage campaign, the variety of suffrage organisations, and the legacies of the movement.
The Routledge Companion to British Women’s Suffrage is an essential handbook for those studying the history, sociology, and politics of the suffrage movement, with a valuable insight into contemporary developments in research
De-Gothicising the Victorian Gothic graveyard
Get PDFThis chapter considers the anti-Gothic ideology that led to the mass closure of graveyards in Britain in mid nineteenth century, the opening of new cemeteries that were designed to combat Gothic affects, and the reclamation of these now decaying spaces for the Gothic mode at the fin de siècle. It begins by showing how burial reformers of the 1830s and 1840s drew on associationist psychological theories to argue that Britain’s decaying urban graveyards were an unacceptably Gothic presence in the nation’s modernising cities. I show how they were identified as damaging sites of both physical and psychological pollution: breeding grounds for disease and superstition, and exemplars of a Gothic inheritance that a progressive new era wished to reject. Social reformers argued that if Britain was to move forward as a nation—socially, morally, and financially— its graveyards must be replaced by aestheticized cemeteries: spaces in which ‘the imagination is robbed of its gloomy horrors’, according to one enthusiast, by excluding and disguising decay. The chapter then moves forward in the century to narrate the failure of this project, through an examination of Lucy Westenra’s tomb in Dracula. Here I argue that Victorian attempts to eliminate decay made this de-Gothicising project impossible, and in itself constituted a new and superadded terror, with the vampire as a figure of this denial of decay. The chapter concludes that by the 1890s, with the ornate tombs of aestheticized Victorian cemeteries themselves falling into decay, the graveyard was reinstated as a key Gothic location
Coda: The futures of the graveyard gothic
Get PDFThis chapter considers the future of the graveyard Gothic in a twenty-first-century landscape transformed by developments in the management and mourning of the dead, as well as by a growing secularism. The chapter begins with a discussion of how the multiple overlapping crises of the last decade have begun to reshape contemporary deathways: war, pandemic and a rapidly developing ecological catastrophe have all threatened to transform, whether temporarily or in more enduring ways, the relationship between the living and the buried dead. Here, as elsewhere in the collection, we explore the graveyard’s political ramifications through discussions of how COVID-19 reshaped burial practices, and how Spain has begun to reckon with its twentieth-century history through the exhumation of mass graves made in the Civil-War era. What emerges is a picture of the graveyard’s resonance to contemporary movements for political and social justice, and speculations on how that might continue to develop in an age where resources are becoming scarcer due to population growth and environmental change. The chapter ends with a discussion of the future of both Death Studies as a field of scholarly endeavour, and of burial itself as founding institution of many human civilizations
Prisons: history and current policy
Get PDFThis review delves into the historical evolution of English prisons in the 18th and 19th centuries, examining the unexpected shifts that transformed prisons into primary penalties. The review reveals how policymakers grappled with challenges, introducing the concept of 'hard labour' and the aim of 'prisoner reform.' It uncovers the fascinating origins of modern prison penalties and the imperative role of historical analysis in shaping effective and informed policy decisions
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