JURNAL GALUNG TROPIKA
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Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) dan Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L.) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSLT)
No full textCoffee husk (Coffea arabica L.) and Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia L.) are Indonesian endemic plants. This plant contains flavonoid compounds, tannins, caffeine, and polyphenols. Based on previous research, these compounds have antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial properties for treating tumors, inflammation, and anti-cancer. This study aimed to determine the toxicity activity of Dayak coffee and onion peel extract on the mortality of shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach) using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method and variations in concentration (ppm), namely 0, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The results of the BSLT test showed that the coffee peel extract had an LC50 value of 51.7369 ppm and the Dayak onion had an LC50 value of 70.9741 ppm. This result shows that the extracts of coffee skin and Dayak Onion are toxic because they can kill 50% of shrimp larvae. This research is a preliminary study to analyze the toxicity of the active compounds of natural ingredients. This study showed that coffee peel extract had better toxic activity against shrimp larvae mortality than Dayak onion extract
Kualitas Air dan Cemaran Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) dan Timbal (Pb) pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Hasil Tangkapan dari Waduk Tunggu Pampang Kota Makassar
No full textThe level of heavy metal contamination of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the aquatic ecosystem of the Waiting Pampang Reservoir, Makassar City, is known by determining the concentration of these heavy metals in water and biota (tilapia). Tilapia is a catch that is relatively abundant in the Waiting Pampang Reservoir. This study aimed to determine water quality and levels of Hg and Pb contamination in water and tilapia caught from the Waiting Pampang Reservoir. Water quality is determined by measuring 1) the degree of acidity (pH), 2) Dissolved oxygen (DO), 3) Biological oxygen demand (BOD), and 4) Chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that the BOD and COD values had passed the threshold so that the waters of the Waiting Pampang Reservoir were contaminated with organic matter. However, it has not been contaminated with Hg and Pb (<0.001 mg/kg) heavy metals. Tilapia caught from the Waiting Pampang Reservoir contained heavy metal Pb, but the concentration was far below the permissible value. However, the consumption of tilapia from the Waiting Pampang Reservoir must still be watched out for because heavy metals are accumulative
Insiden Serangan Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Tanaman Jagung di Kalimantan Timur
No full textThe armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest found on maize in Indonesia. Previous research reported that S. frugiperda attacks had occurred in West Sumatra, South Sumatra, Lampung, Banten, West Java, and East Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to determine the presence and determine the attack of S. frugiperda on maize in East Kalimantan. Observations were made from January to December 2020 in the Regencies of Berau, West Kutai, Kutai Kartanegara, North Penajam Paser and Paser. Based on the morphological characteristics, it was confirmed the presence of S. frugiperda larvae with inverted Y-shaped markings on the front of the head, and the presence of black spots forming a square and trapezoidal pattern on the abdomen. Berau Regency experienced the highest S. frugiperda attack in East Kalimantan with an attacking intensity reaching 13.33%. The results of the determination of the attack category showed that 93.31% of S. frugiperda attacks on maize in East Kalimantan were still in the mild category, the rest were in the moderate and severe categories, and there was no dried up incidence
Pemanfaatan Nasi Basi Menjadi Pupuk Cair untuk Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) dengan Teknik Hidroponik Rakit Apung
No full textThe demand for mustard plants has not met the demands of the community because its productivity is still relatively low. Agricultural land, especially in urban areas is getting narrower, less labor in agriculture, and reduced nutrient availability in the soil are the main reasons for low productivity. In addition, the use of chemical fertilizers by farmers and the high rainfall in Sorong City are also the cause of the low production so that the community's needs are not fulfilled. Therefore, research was conducted with the aim of increasing the yield and quality of mustard plants by using a floating raft hydroponic cultivation system by utilizing stale rice into liquid organic fertilizer. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatments each repeated 3 times. The treatment is by giving fermented stale rice, 0 gr (control), 100 gr, 150 gr, and 200 gr. The difference in the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of stale rice has an effect on plant growth, namely the increase in plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf area, and wet weight by the floating raft hydroponic technique. Liquid organic fertilizer treated with 200 g of fermented stale rice gave the best effect on the growth of mustard plants using floating raft hydroponics
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Kacang Tanah pada Jarak Tanam dan Macam Pengendalian Gulma
No full textThis study aimed was to find an integrated technology to obtain optimum spacing and effective weed control on various varieties based on the peanut yield approach. The design used was a Completely Randomized Block Design arranged in a factorial manner, consisting of 3 factors: Factor 1, plant spacing of 30 x 10 cm, and 40 x 10 cm. The second factor was the type of weed control, which was weeded twice at 21 and 42 days after planting, and the use of the herbicide glyphosate 1.44 kg b.a per hectare. The third factor is the variety of peanuts, namely the Jepara, Kelinci, and Panter varieties. All treatments were repeated 3 times. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the independent spacing treatment significantly affected all observed parameters. The weed control significantly affected all parameters except seed weight per plot, and varieties treatment significantly affected all parameters except the dry weight of the stover. Interaction between planting distance and weeding type had a significant effect on all observation parameters except the dry weight of the stover
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Predator pada Taman Maccini Sombala Makassar dan Ekosistem Persawahan Kiru-Kiru Kabupaten Barru
No full textThe existence of predatory insects is essential to know because they have contributed significantly to an ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of predators in Maccini Sombala Park, Makassar, and the paddy field in Kiru-Kiru Sub-District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. The selection of the two locations was carried out based on the ecosystem conditions in each place, Maccini Sombala Park is a city park in which there are various types of plants that are habitat for insects including predatory insects, as well as in the paddy field ecosystem in Kiru-Kiru Sub-District, based on the results of the observation in the field, in that ecosystem there were symptoms of pest attack such as stem borers and several other types of insects including insects predator on rice plant. This study was conducted by direct observations of purposive sampling and insects sampling using sweep net traps. The highest relative abundance value of natural enemies was found in the family Araneidae 37% in Maccini Sombala Park, and the lowest relative abundance of the family Coccinellidae was 2.3%. The highest relative abundance value of natural enemies in the paddy field of Kiru-Kiru Sub-District was found in the family Coccinellidae 54.3%, and the lowest relative abundance of the family Formicidae was 2.5%. The diversity index values of predators in both places as moderate diversity category, and the evenness index values of the two ecosystems showed that high evenness
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS-JENIS ANGGREK DI CAGAR ALAM KOFIAU KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT
No full textThis study aims to determine the abundance of orchid species, diversity, evenness and dominance of orchid species in the Kofiau Nature Reserve, Raja Ampat Regency. This forest area is a habitat for various endemic flora and fauna, including orchids. Orchid is one of the seed plants of the Orchidaceae family which is in great demand because of its attractive flower shape and color so that it can be used as raw material for the cut flower industry, potted plants or garden decorations. The procedure used in this study was field observation/exploration technique, the determination of the observation sample was carried out by considering the area objectively overgrown with orchids. charts, graphs and photos). Based on the results of exploration and identification of orchid species in the Kofiau Nature Reserve, there are 3 types of epiphytic orchids and 1 type of terrestrial/soil orchid, so the total number is 4 types of orchids, consisting of 1 genus of soil orchid (Spathoglotis) and 3 genera of epiphytic orchids, namely Dendrobium. 2 species and Grammathophyllum 1 species. With the highest number of individuals, Grammatophylum scriptum 128 (50.00%), then Spathoglotis plicata with the highest number of individuals, 107 (41.797%), this is the highest number of orchids found in mangrove forests, then Dendrobium allofolium with 15 individuals. (5.859%), and D. crumenatum with 6 individuals (2.344%) with a total of 256 orchid individuals found in mangrove forests. The orchid species diversity index value is 0.3771 and the dominance index is 0.4287 and the evenness index value is 0.0943. Where the index value of diversity and species dominance on orchids in the Nature Reserve forest is in the low category while the evenness index value is in the medium category.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan jenis anggrek, keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan dominasi jenis anggrek di Cagar Alam Kofiau Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Kawasan hutan ini merupakan salah satu habitat dari berbagai flora maupun fauna yang endemik antara lain tumbuhan anggrek. Anggrek merupakan salah satu tumbuhan berbiji famili Orchidaceae yang banyak diminati karena bentuk dan warna bunganya menarik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri bunga potong, tanaman pot atau hiasan taman. Prosedur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik observasi lapangan/eksplorasi, penentuan sampel pengamatan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan daerah secara objektif yang ditumbuhi anggrek Data hasil observasi dianalisis sesuai dengan masing-masing parameter dan dideskripsi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi dan gambar (bagan, grafik dan foto). Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi dan identifikasi jenis-jenis anggrek di Cagar Alam Kofiau terdapat 3 jenis anggrek epifit dan 1 jenis anggrek terestrial/tanah jadi jumlah keseluruhan ada 4 jenis anggrek, yang terdiri dari 1 genus anggrek tanah (Spathoglotis) dan 3 genus anggrek epifit yaitu Dendrobium 2 jenis dan Grammathophyllum 1 jenis. Dengan jumlah individu terbanyak yaitu jenis Grammatophylum scriptum 128 (50,00%), kemudian jenis Spathoglotis plicata dengan jumlah individu terbanyak yaitu 107 (41,797 %), ini merupakan jumlah anggrek terbanyak yang terdapat dalam hutan mangrove, kemudian jenis Dendrobium alofolium dengan jumlah individu 15 (5,859%), dan D.crumenatum dengan jumlah individu 6 (2,344%) dengan jumlah keseluruhan ada 256 individu anggrek yang ditemukan pada hutan mangrove. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis anggrek 0,3771 dan indeks dominasi 0,4287 serta nilai indeks kemerataan 0.0943. Dimana nilai indek keanekaragaman dan dominasi jenis pada anggrek yang ada di hutan Cagar Alam dalam katagori rendah sedangkan nilai indeks kemerataan dalam katagori sedang
Motilitas dan Abnormalitas Spermatozoa Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Suplementasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of dragon fruit peel extract on the motility and abnormalities of native chicken spermatozoa. The study was arranged experimentally using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Before treatment, 12 native chicken were randomly divided into groups and adapted for 10 days with commercial feed and drinking water. The treatments were given orally for 8 weeks and consisted of P0 (control), P1 (1 ml dragon fruit peel extract), P2 (3 ml dragon fruit peel extract), and P3 (5 ml dragon fruit peel extract). Cement storage is carried out by the sequencing method. The quality of the collected sperm is tested in the laboratory. The parameters measured were microscopic sperm quality, namely sperm motility, and abnormalities. The results showed that dragon fruit peel extract had a significant effect on spermatozoa motility by increasing the percentage of motility but had no effect on spermatozoa abnormalities. Provision supplement of 5 ml dragon fruit peel extract gave the best results in increasing spermatozoa motility in native chickens
Morfometrik Sistem Pencernaan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipapar Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit
No full textLiquid waste is one of the negative impacts of the oil palm processing industry, which can disrupt aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to describe the morphometric conditions of the digestion system of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to palm oil wastewater. The study was conducted from April to July 2020. Tilapia measuring 4-7 cm in length with an average weight of 3-8 grams with 160 fish per treatment. The stages of the research included raising fish, giving oil palm liquid waste, and observing the morphometric digestion system. Fish were exposed to oil palm wastewater with concentrations of 0 mL.L-1, 47 mL.L-1, 70.4 mL.L-1, and 94 mL.L-1 for 64 days. The analysis was carried out on the Gastro Somatic Index (GaSI), Intestine Somatic Index (ISI), Relative Gut Lengths (RGL), Relative Intestine Lengths (RIL), and Hepato Somatic Index (HSI). The results showed that palm oil wastewater could affect the morphometric digestion of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Palm oil wastewater with a concentration of 94 mL.L-1 also affected the GAS of 2.40%, the ISI of 5.49%, and RIL of 549.11%. In the treatment, the concentration of oil palm liquid waste was 70.4 mL. L-1 affected the HSI by 1.70%. However, exposure to palm oil wastewater does not affect RGL. The content of palm oil liquid waste can disrupt the metabolism of the stomach, intestinal, and liver cells. The high concentration of waste can damage the lining of the stomach and intestines, resulting in decreased appetite
Optimasi Ketahanan Benih Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) Terhadap Infeksi Streptococcocis
No full textThis study aims to determine the resistance level of saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds obtained from tilapia broodstock that has been vaccinated with attenuated S. iniae bacteria against streptococcocis infection. This research was conducted in June-September 2020 at the Mini Hatchery Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Hasanuddin University. The fish seeds used are 3-5 cm in size and 7-10 g in weight. The bacteria Streptococcus iniae were soaked in seeds for 30 minutes using concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 107CFU/mL, 109CFU/mL, and without immersion. The seeds were then kept in a 40x25x20cm3 aquarium with a density of 50 seeds per aquarium for one month and fed at satiation. During the experiment, the media quality of the seeds was maintained within an acceptable range for the growth and viability of saline tilapia. The parameters observed were survival, RPS, and lysozyme activity in saline tilapia seeds. The optimal result that can increase the resistance of saline tilapia fry against Streptococcocis infection is at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL. This concentration can increase the survival rate, RPS, and lysozyme activity in saline tilapia