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Hijrah and Islamic Movement in Indonesia: Sekarmaji Marijan Kartosuwiryo’s Perspective
Full text linkPurposeThe study aimed to understand the concept of Hijrah as perceived by Sekarmaji Marijan Kartosuwiryo or commonly known as Kartosuwiryo who was encouraged to establish the movement of Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) as a jihad (struggle) against injustice in all life aspects of Indonesian citizen.MethodThe study applied historical research that comprised of four stages, namely heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The research relied on the primary data of newspaper articles, magazines, journal articles, books, and other written documents. The data were qualitatively analyzed to identify the concept of Hijrah that Kartosuwiryo perceived.Results/FindingsThe study revealed that Kartosuwiryo thought that Indonesia in the colonialization period was similar to the age of ignorance. The human exploitation through slavery and violence triggered to establish DI/TII movement to change Indonesia as Islamic state and implement Islam in all aspects of life.ConclusionThe study concluded that Kartosuwiryo perceived Hijrah as a jihad against injustice implemented through establishing DI/TII movement. It was intended to break the injustice in all life aspects of Indonesian citizens
Word Formation of the Indonesian Covid-19 Special Terms
Full text linkPurposeThis study was intended to describe the process of forming the Covid-19 outbreak-related special terms in Indonesian sourcing from English. MethodThe research employed a qualitative approach which a descriptive case study design. Its primary data consisted of words and phrases associated with Covid-19 taken from news articles on the Kompas.com page during March-July 2020 using a note-taking technique. The data were then analyzed qualitatively by considering the concepts of word formation in Indonesian. Results/FindingsTh research revealed that the forming of the Covid-19 related special terms were through absorption (49%), translation (32%), and through the creation of new concepts (19%). This indicates that the absorption of English terms into Indonesian was the most dominant process. English a global language was widely absorbed by other languages, including Indonesian. ConclusionThe research shows that Covid-19 outbreak-related special terms was classified into English terms and Indonesian terms. The terms experienced three formation processes, namely the absorption, translation, and the creation of new concept
Proverbs Translation Techniques in Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung, a Mandailing Folklore
Full text linkPurposeA text with many cultural terms was a complicated source text to translate into the target text because it contained different references as perceived by both language users. This research aimed to find out translation techniques applied by the translator in translating proverbs of Mandailing Folklore Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English and to explain its translation quality.MethodThis study made uses of a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data of the research were the text in Mandailingnese language as the source language and the English text as the target language; and were enriched by the key informants as the primary data. The data obtained were qualitatively analyzed using the theory of translation techniques.Results/FindingsThe research result showed that in translating proverbs there were four translation techniques namely single translation technique, couplet technique, triplet technique and quartet technique. It also showed that 45% of data were accurate and 55% translation were less accurate, 58,3% of data were acceptable and 41.7% translation was less acceptable, and 68.3% of data was high readable and 31.7% translation were medium readable.ConclusionFinally, the study concluded the quality of the translation products depended on the translation techniques by considering the accuracy, acceptability, and the readability of the target language
Literal Meaning of Nur (the Light) Verse: Examining Unity of Being in the Translation of the Qur\u27an
Full text linkPurposeStarting from the consensus of the principal Sufi scholars and non-Sufi scholars in affirming Tawhid as a religious principle and the Qur’an as the main reference, this paper focused on the doctrine of Sufism through Nur (the Light) Verse. The study aimed to enhanced their agreement through the literalism method, even in its most elementary form, namely literal translation.MethodUsing the literal translation method, the study tried to answer whether Wahdatul Wujud could be explored and confirmed by the literal translation of the Light verse. Besides helping to clarify Wahdatul Wujud, it also confirmed the Sufi’s doctrine through comparing its results with other verses.Results/FindingsThe study pointed out that the doctrine of Wahdatul Wujud could be explained and elaborated through the literal translation of the Light verse; the explanation of Wahdatul Wujud confirmed its difference from the doctrine of hulul and ittihad; and the explanation and argumentation of Wahdatul Wujud did not only clear up misunderstandings but also opened the opportunity to reduce the tension between Sufi and others due tothe polemic of the doctrine.ConclusionThe literal translation needs to be further examined for its application to verses other than the light verse referred to by the Sufis in explaining Wahdatul Wujud or other Sufism doctrines such as the concept of heresy (al-dhalal), the concept of injustice (al-dzulm), infidel, shirk, agnoseology (al-ta\u27thil), and the degree of essence (maqam al-dzat)
Colonel Muhammadin and Aman Nyerang’s Fight against the Dutch in Gayo Alas 1910-1950
Full text linkPurposeThe purpose of this study was to inform two warrior figures from Gayo, Colonel Muhammadin and Aman Nyerang who had not been recorded in the previously published historiography of the Aceh war. It was important regarding the dimension of the Aceh War which did not cover the coastal area, but also penetrated into Gayo and Alas Land.MethodThe researchers conducted several colonial data searches to find the war activities of Colonel Muhammadin and Aman Nyerang. Several annual reports of the colonial government, namely the Koloniaal Verslag and Dutch-language newspapers, were two important sources. The collected sources were then verified through external and internal criticism, until a selected source was found. The available data were then critically read and analyzed to obtain information to answer problems being investigated.Results/FindingsThe study found out that both figures used different war strategies against the colonials. Aman Nyerang was a fighter who liked guerrilla tactics and used close range attacks armed with a dagger or machete. Muhammadin was a warrior figure who adopted modern war strategies, because he had received Japanese military education. He used such strategies in ambushing the enemy, including by placing snipers in histroops.ConclusionColonel Muhammad and Aman Nyerang in the Gayo war had an important role in defending the Aceh region from Dutch rule. Therefore, the roles of both figures need to be recorded in the historiography using social history perspective to provide more comprehensive information for the next generation
Fundamentalism in Indonesian Political History: A Biography of Isa Anshary
Full text linkPurposeThis study aimed to uncover Muslem scholar and politician, Isa Anshary’s thought and practices of the fundamentalism in political actitivies that were not in Indonesian Islamic historiography. MethodThis qualitative study used a library research design which depended on the primary data of written literature or archives related to the research problem. The researchers read the data sources carefully to identify Isa Anshory’s thougth and practices of fundamentalism. The collected information were verified to unveal his thougth, ideas or pracices of fundamentalism in political activities. Results/FindingsThe study identified that Isa Anshary was a figure belonging to the fundamentalism group. His fundamentalism was a result of the strong influence of Al-Afghani, Abduh, Ridla and A Hassan. These various influences had become a stimulus for Isa Anshary to voice Islamic ideology and show a tough attitude in politics. ConclusionThis study concluded that Isa Anshary\u27s fundamentalism in politics was a response to the post-independence political situation which was considered unsettled and aimed to protect the Islamic faith from the threat of secularism and communis
Al-Haqaiq al-Ijtima\u27iyyah al-Andalus fi Syi\u27r Madh wa Tahniah li Ibn Zaydun
No full textPurposeThis study aimed to describe the influence of race, environment, and era in Andalusian society on Ibn Zaidun\u27s hymn (praise) and tahniah (congratulations) poetry using the perspective of Hippolite Adolf Taine. MethodThis study was a qualitative research using a library research design that relied on the hymn and tahniah poetry in Diwan Ibn Zaidun: Rasailuhu, Akhbaruhu, Syi\u27rul Mikjain written by Kamil Kailani and Abdurrahman. This study analyzed the tradition of praise (madah) and congratulations (tahniah) of the Andalusian community in 19 of Ibn Zaydun\u27s poems communicated with 3 indicators of Taine\u27s theory of social facts, namely race, climate, and time factors. Results/FindingsThis study revealed the influence of the three aspects of Andalusian social facts on Ibn Zaidun\u27s poetry, namely: 1) Ras-Spirit, showing that Andalusian society has the tradition of writing poetry for leaders; 2) Environment-Milieau, that was cool climate surrounded by beautiful green plants have a strong influence on Andalusian Literature, giving rise to many expressions of natural beauty in their poems, especially in praise (madah) and congratulations (tahniah) on Ibn Zaidun\u27s poetry; 3) The Age of Moments privileging Andalusian with many muwashahat, so that the poets paid great attention to rhyme (qafiyah) in their poetry, and the uses of the Andalusian language with Arabic writing became greater in a number of poems. ConclusionAndalusian poetry represented by the poet Ibn Zaydun contains three aspects of Tain social facts. Ibn Zaydun\u27s poetry tradition is influenced by the characteristics of Andalusian society, the climate in the Andalusian city, and the time of writing the poem. The author suggests further studies on the Hypolite Taine social fact theory with its unique scope of social facts. Likewise with Andalusian studies, further studies are urgently needed to find the meaning and social facts behind his classical poems
A Qualitative Inquiry of Politeness Approaches through Gender Category: Evidences from University Students in Aceh
Full text linkPurposeThis study examines the politeness strategies employed by male and female students and its differences across genders. MethodTo collect data for this qualitative study, 16 participants (with equally eight male and female students) were purposefully opted from the Department of English Language Education at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Eleven situations created to obtain responses from students using a semi-structured interview. The framework of analysis is based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategy. Results/FindingsThe study found that male and female students use four politeness strategies. They are (a) bald on record; (b) positive politeness; (c) negative politeness; and (d) off-record. The results indicated that positive politeness is the most prevalent strategy, while bald on record is the least utilized strategy. The politeness strategy was utilized when the participants wanted to express their view to classmates or lecturers. The students performed the strategy because they wanted to support their beliefs or statements unswervingly. Male students used more positive politeness and expresses ideas more directly than female students. ConclusionThe study concluded that both male and female students at the Department of English Language Education, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh exercised all varieties of politeness strategies. The most applied approaches were positive politeness strategy, followed by the negative politeness strategy, off-record and eventually bald on record as the least frequent politeness strategy.
The Role of Makassar in Promoting the Archipelago Spice Route in the XVI–XVII Centuries
Full text linkPurposeThis study explored the three roles of Makassar in advancing the archipelago\u27s spice routes: port growth arrangement, maritime policy, and maritime trade management in the XVI—XVII centuries.MethodThis study used historical research methods including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources of data used were local sources (lontara) and foreign sources (Portuguese, Dutch, and English) to answer the three problems mentioned above by placing Makassar as the subject of the Nusantara spice route.Results/FindingsThe results of the study are: 1) the port growth arrangement the Makassar authorities did was by responding to the global trade dynamics around the spice route, such as focusing on structuring its ports as the centre of the Maluku spice trade. Second, maritime policy was implemented through free ports and the principle of Mare Liberum to advance Makassar to become an entrepot and a cosmopolitan world city. Third, the codification of Ammana Gappa\u27s shipping and trade laws in Makassar further strengthens the maritime identity of the Makassarese, Bugis, and Mandar people in building the spice route of the Archipelago.ConclusionStarting from the perspective of the archipelago as a subject, this study shows the role of Makassar in promoting the spice route. Studies like this can also be developed at other ports on the spice route, thereby strengthening the archipelago\u27s contribution to the history of the world\u27s spice routes
Khilâfah Discourse on Youtube: Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia Scholars’ Perspective
Full text linkPurposeThis study aimed to reveal how Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI)’s scholars, Ismail Yusnto, Felix Siuw, dan Fatih Karim used Youtube as ideological battle. It focused on discussing how texts experienced bias in representing khilâfah and how HTI ustaz used Youtube as a means to scroll their ideology. MethodThe study was qualitative research that used the verbal data of khilâfah discourse uploaded on Youtube as the primary source. Collecting the data, the researchers observed the discursivity of khilâfah as the main theme of discourse presented by HTI’s scholars on their preaching in Youtube. In data analysis, the study applied Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Results/FindingsThe study showed that the HTI’s scholars exploited the khilâfah discourse through intellectual and well-packaged ways, one of which was through interesting and innovative videos uploaded on Youtube. The concept of khilâfah conveyed massively by the HTI’s scholars, especially on Youtube led to a single understanding of the khilâfah using HTI’s perspective. ConclusionThere were discourses about the governmental system that can be implemented in a country; and khilâfah was one of alternative system to apply. Khilâfah was not a single system by which a country was said to be Islamic one because Islam does not specifically regulate the government system. Therefore, it is important for the government to invite moderate scholars to enliven the khilâfah discourse to present more comprehensive one.