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Antagonistic Ability of Trichoderma sp. against Ganoderma sp. on Litter Medium of Acacia mangium
Get PDFTrichoderma sp are common fungi in the soil and play important role in decomposing of cellulose-rich. The distribution of Trichoderma sp (TBPH isolate) in litter layers of Acacia mangium was observed in two years old of health standing (2S) and Ganoderma sp-attacked standing (2G). The objectives of this research were to observe Trichoderma sp distributions in leaf litter layers and to determine of antagonistic ability of Trichoderma sp TBPH against Ganoderma sp (GBR isolate). Trichoderma sp in sawdust medium was spread above of F litter layer in 50 x 50 cm area. Total populations of Trichoderma were observed each month during eight months. Antagonistic activities of Trichoderma sp TBPH against Ganoderma sp GBR were tested by dual test method on PDA and PDA with litter powder (PDAS) media. The results showed that populations of Trichoderma sp were fluctuating and the highest population on both standings of F layer and were followed by H and L layers. Fluctuations of Trichoderma sp population on L layer were tended to follow rainfall fluctuations while those on F layer were tended to follow litter pH fluctuations. Antagonistic test showed that inhibition percentage of PDAS medium was lower than those of PDA medium indicating litter amendment on media being causes of lower antagonistic activities of Trichoderma sp
Potency Study of N-Hexane Extracts of Black Plum (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Intheinhibitation of Growth Salmonella typhi and Candida sp.
Get PDFN-hexane extracts of the bark from black plum(Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) showed activity againtSalmonella typhi. Meanwhile, the result showed that N-hexane was not able to inhibit the growth of Candida sp. The research was done at Microbiology laboratory, Biology Department Faculty of Mathemathics andScience, Syiah Kuala University. The bark of black plum were collected from Aceh Besar District. The extraction method for black plum used maceration with N-hexane and than concentrated in rotary evaporator. The disc diffusion method used to screen the antimicrobial activity with 20 %, 30 %, 40 % dan 50 % concentration
REVIEW OF IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Get PDFStudy of the set properties is simple and rarely investigated at the Department of Mathematics. This paper examines some set properties on the irrational numbers. The study is about the properties applying to the real numbers which are a complete ordered field. However, the results of this study show that those properties do not imply to the irrational numbers, but the ordered property. The prove of the irrational numberby some examples is demonstrated in this study
Study of Seulawah Agams Geothermal Source Using Gravity Method
No full textGravity method was carried out at Seulawah Agam Area to delineate the existence of geothermal source, which is specifically existed in both the geothermal filed of Heutszs Crater and.Cempagas Crater. The Seulawah Agam is located in Aceh Besar district. Geologically, the area is dominated by volcanic mudflow and Lam Teubas rocks having age from Tersier to Resen Period. The equipment used includes Gravimeter CG-5 Autograv, Portable GPS (Global Positioning System), Navigation type (map of the survey area), computer and the other technical supports, such as handy talky, umbrella, watch, pens and observed data notes. This research was conducted by doing two stages. Firstly, establishing the base station which is a reference point for all gravity data measurements at each point. Secondly, measuring gravity data at each point by repeating three times following looping pattern as pathway of measurement either in Heutszs crater whose nine points recording or in Cempagas crater whose seventeen points. The data was simply processed using Microsoft Excel that can just plot the Bouguer anomaly and interpreted qualitatively due to preliminary research. The resultof this research has shown that both areas have two kinds of Bougeur anomalies which slightly attract attention whos high and low anomaly. At Heutszs Crater has high and low density existed at F125 FR and B6 point. The Point whose high density means that it was formed mineralization by hydrothermal process through fracture materials, meanwhile the point whose low density indicates that there is existed the fault which is quite related to Seulimums Fault based on Aceh map. This result is also same as obtained at Cempagas Crater which means also same interpretation. In addition, it can be sum up that fault zones are essentially important in geothermal system that plays vital role in term of fluid circulation. Employing the gravity method in this research effectively can be sai
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF UNGUENTUM DOSAGE FORM OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Areca catechu L. NUT IN Mus musculus albinus
Get PDFThe activity test of ethanol extract of betel nut ointment (Areca catechu L.) in wound healing on mice (Mus musculus albinus) has been carried out to determine the ability of the ethanol extract of betel nut ointment in wound healing and determine the concentration which was accelerate the wound healing on mice between 2 concentrations. This experimental research method used completely randomized design (CRD) using 20 mices divided into 4 treatment groups ; ointment base, povidone iodine ointment, ethanol extract of betel nut ointment (SEEBP) 2% and SEEBP 4%. Each treatment groups was tested in the incision which was made along the 15 mm parallel to the spine (Os. Vetebre) with the depth until subcutaneous skin layers. The ointment was applied twice a day for about 21 days and observed changes every day for during the period of observation. The results showed that the average length of time of the scab formation, the scab exfoliation, and the wound healing successively are for the ointment base was 6.6; 10.2 and 18.2 days, povidone iodine ointment was 7; 11.2 and 14.8 days, SEEBP 2% was 5.75; 7.75 and 13.25 days, SEEBP 4% was 4.2; 8.8 and 12.8 days. ANOVA and LSD results of scab formation time showed a significant difference between SEEBP 4% with base ointment and povidone iodine ointment (p 0.05). Results of the exfoliation scab showed a significance difference between SEEBP 2% with base ointment and povidone iodine ointment (p 0.05). The duration of wound healing showed that there was significance difference between SEEBP 2%, SEBP 4% and povidone iodine ointment with ointment base (p0.05).Thus, betel nut ointment as an effect on healing process. The concentration which can accelerate wound healing in mice is SEEBP 4%
Ornaments of Flora and Fauna on Traditional Acehnese House
Get PDFThis study was aimed to explore ornaments on the Traditional Acehnese House (TAH) in Banda Aceh. Data were obtained by direct survey and interview methods to TAH and owners, carpenters, and community leaders. Secondary data were obtained from literatures, manuscripts, and museums. Ornaments on the TAH are dominated by elements from flora more than fauna. Other ornaments are dominated by clouds, stars, mountains, curved lines, straight lines and geometry. Few numbers of ornaments from fauna were also influenced by the Islam regulation
Application of Magnetics Method to Mapping the Geothermal Source at Seulawah Agam Area
Get PDFMagnetic method had been employed at Seulawah Agam area in term of unveiling the potentially geothermal source. This method was carried out locally in both the geothermal filed of Heutszs Crater and Cempagas Crater where the locations are in Seulawah Agam slope which is included in Aceh Besar District. Geologically, the area is mainly controlled by volcanic mudflow and Lam Teubas rocks consisting of breccia, pumice and tuff and their age are from Tersier to Resen Period. The deployed equipment consisted of Magnetometer GSM-19T, Proton Sensors, Aluminum Stick, Connection Cable, GPS Antenna, Compass, and Watch. Portable GPS (Global Positioning System), Navigation type (map of the survey area), and complemented by the other technical equipment, such as handy talky, umbrella, pens and notes of observed data. This study was done by following two steps. At first, the base station was established as a reference point for all magnetic data of measurements. Furthermore, recording magnetic data at each point by repeating three times until the last point by following the looping pattern as pathway of measurement both in Heutszs crater whose nine point recordings and in Cempagas crater whose seventeen points was consecutively done. The data were simply processed by using Microsoft excel that can just plot the magnetic anomaly and interpreted qualitatively being preliminary research. The result showed that at the north pathway had high magnetic anomaly of rocks located at B6 point and it was assumed as the area having the economically mineral in fracture zones. The rocks with low a anomaly value were obtained at F125 BR is suggested as the thermal sources while at the South pathway from observing station till the Cempagas crater was obtained the geological structure as the Sumatran Fault of Acehs segment at CK4 point and this finding showed similar correlation with the result of gravity survey at same pathway published in another paper. In conclusion, this method effectively showed that the Seulawah Agam has potency as thermal source
Characters Selection of Leaf Morphology in Some Families (Tree Habit) In Sumatra Region for Species Identification
Get PDFIdentification is a basic activity and one of primary objective on systematic. For plant biodiversity studies,it was the first steps that researcher performed before studying any topics in the research area. Unfortunately, species identification is usually a time consuming activity. One of the main objectives of this study was to obtain a set of leaf morphology characters that were useful and efficient enough for species identification, especially on the tree habits group in order to reduce time consuming for the identification species. All of the leaf morphology characters were selected by correlation coefficient and separation coefficient values. Besides of that, the stability, simplicity and validity of the characters were also part of concern. The characters that had high value of separation coefficient and low value of correlation coefficient would be added one by one as in their rank, until the value of the combination separation coefficient was equal to 1 (100%). The result of this study suggested that 30 from 92 characters of leaf morphology were recommended as a set of characters that useful and efficient enough for species identification
TAXONOMIC STUDY OF PANDANUS (PANDANACEAE) IN SWAMP AREA, ACEH SINGKIL
Get PDFTaxonomic study on Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in swamp area, Singkil had been conducted from November 2012 until June 2013. Based on morphological characters, 5 species of Pandanus have been identified in the area as Pandanus atrocarpus, Pandanus labyrinthicus, Pandanus militaris, Pandanus odoratissimus and Pandanus tectorius. The morphology and life cycle of species were categorized into two types, and they are medium arborescent pandan (Pandanus labyrinthicus and Pandanus militaris) and large arborescent pandan (Pandanus atrocarpus, Pandanus odoratissimus and Pandanus tectorius). Anatomical characters of Pandanus such as stomata (type, size, papilla) and epidermal cells supported the morphological features
IMPORTANCE OF LOCATING STRIKE IN 2D MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA MODELING
Get PDF2D inversion is still believed as the fastest, cheapest, and most reliable method magnetotelluric data interpretation. Traditionally the magnetotelluric data are collected on 2D profile perpendicularly across an assumed geological strike. However there is no guarantee where the chosen strike is exactly or nearly same as true geoelectrical strike. For this purpose, 2D synthetic magnetotelluric impedance data of a simple 2D model were generated along a profile across the model. The data were inverted on various presumed strike in order to study how far the inverted model is deviated when the presumed strike is moved away to the true strike. By the aim, first the data were inverted as measured on 2D profile perpendicularly across true strike in order to see how the inversion works in the ideal case. Thedata were also inverted as measured on 2D profile perpendicularly across an assumed strike. The presumed strike deviated 60 degrees to the true strike was selected as an example of extreme case. The model inverted from the extreme presumed strike data is compared to the actual one. The inversions on determinant and combined TE and TM modes have been done as well for model resolution comparison